Aspects of Echo Word Formation in Hindi and Kashmiri

정진완 한국현대언어학회 2018 언어연구 Vol.33 No.4

This study delves into echo word formation in Hindi and Kashmiri which is considered a case of partial reduplication. Even though two languages share the same designated first segment for the echo word, they implement the process differently from each other. This is attributed to different restrictions on the identical leftmost segment /v/ in the base and the echo word. Hindi prefers to delete one of the /v/s while Kashmiri replaces the /v/ with the /p/ in the echo word. Another difference is how the fixed segment in the echo word replaces the onset clusters in the base. Hindi only replaces the first segment in the cluster whereas the whole cluster is replaced by the fixed segment in Kashmiri. The different mode of implementing echo word formation process is reflected in the constraints and their specific ranking for each language can readily explain the relevant examples in both languages.

XML 기술의 현황

정진완 한국전자거래학회 2003 한국전자거래학회 학술대회 발표집 Vol.2003 No.-

학술 대회장 인사말

정진완 한국정보과학회 2004 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2004 No.5

[기술해설]국가 지리 정보 시스템을 위한 공간 객체관리 시스템의 구조

정진완,강흠근,김형주,박주홍,한기준,허신 한국정보과학회 1998 정보과학회지 Vol.16 No.3

A Harmonic Serialism Analysis of Velar Softening in English

정진완 대한영어영문학회 2019 영어영문학연구 Vol.45 No.4

This paper deals with velar softening occurring between base-final velar stops and non-low front vowels which initiate the process triggering suffixes in English. We adopt a mixed type of theory with derivation and constraints in order to explain examples which require both simple and multiple mapping between input and output. It is argued that velar softening is motivated by a markedness constraint, which bans a sequence of velar stops plus non-low front vowels across a morpheme boundary. The simple velar softening case, which results in [s] and [ʤ], is explained by ranking a specific marked constraint over a general markedness constraint. The procedural approach applies to opaque and diphthongization examples. The opaque case is explained by assuming that there is a word-final mid-front vowel /ɛ/, which triggers the process and is deleted. This type of non-surface apparent opacity needs a step-by-step account. The latter case is related to the verb-forming suffix initiating with /ɪ/, which is diphthongized in the output when it is stressed. This is explained by proposing a constraint calling for well-formed foot structure. Thus, the current approach can explain both simple and complex cases of English velar softening.

The Role of Positional Faithfulness and Prosodic Constituents in Phonological Processes of English: Focusing on Conflicting Cases

정진완 대한영어영문학회 2011 영어영문학연구 Vol.37 No.3

Chung, Chin-Wan. “The Role of Positional Faithfulness and Prosodic Constituents in Phonological Processes of English: Focusing on Conflicting Cases.” Studies in English Language & Literature. 37.3 (2011): 343-65. This paper discusses some conflicting cases of positional faithfulness in English. It is argued that multi-lateral application of positional faithfulness is better than uni-lateral application in that the conflict between each division of positional faithfulness is resolved by ranking one division of positional faithfulness over the other. Concerning voicing assimilation over a root and a derivational suffix, the voicing feature of the onset element of a derivational morpheme takes priority over that of the coda element of a root. With respect to segmental deletion in /n.t/, the coda element in a stressed syllable is preserved while the onset element of an unstressed syllable fails to appear in the output. (Chonbuk National University)

Realization of English Medial Consonant Clusters by Korean Speakers

정진완 대한영어영문학회 2013 영어영문학연구 Vol.39 No.2

This paper discusses some difficulties Korean speakers experience when they pronounce medial consonant clusters of English. We argue that such pronunciation problems stem from systematic differences between the two languages: especially, realization difficulties are induced when phonological requirements of the Korean language influence Korean speakers pronouncing English medial consonant clusters. In Korean, sonority between consonants over a syllable boundary is either falling or equal. If this requirement is violated, a certain repair strategy is adopted to modify such unallowable sonority relationships between consonants. On the contrary, English does not observe such sonority requirement for consonants over a syllable boundary, which allows to license various types of medial consonant clusters. Among the various combinations of medial clusters, clusters with rising sonority tend to spark problems for Korean speakers because such clusters are not familiar to Korean speakers, as well as are not well-formed from the perspective of Korean phonology. Another problem is that Korean does not allow medial clusters such as [l.n] and [n.l] in the output while they are well-constituted medial clusters in English. The /ln/ and /nl/ sequences of English are also very difficult for Korean speakers since Korean speakers are prone to pronounce them [l.l] and [l.l/n.n], respectively. For these pronunciation problems viewed from OT framework, we propose that highest-ranking constraints such as *nl/*ln, SyllCon, and a medially ranked Id-Lat(pv) in Korean are critical in the analysis. The pronunciation problems for Korean speakers are attributed to the ranking difference of those constraints in English. That is, the undominated constraints in Korean are ranked very low in English. Thus, understanding such constraint ranking difference between the two languages is important to promote the learning of the correct pronunciation of English medial consonant clusters for Korean speakers.

A Study on the Emergence of the Unmarked in Chinese Reduplication and Phonological Issues

정진완 대한언어학회 2011 언어학 Vol.19 No.2

The current study focuses on partial reduplication of three Chinese dialects. The study reveals that the location of on-glides in the dialects is different. The study also shows that the emergence of the unmarked occurs not only in the reduplicant but also in the base under the proposed constraint ranking schema. The realization of the diminutive morpheme in the different syllable position in three dialects is explained by two different alignment constraints.

Articulation of Homorganic Nasal+Consonant Clusters in English: Constraints and Quantitative Evidence

정진완 대한영어영문학회 2009 영어영문학연구 Vol.35 No.4

This study focuses on the realizations of the coronal homorganic nasal plus a voiceless stop over a syllable boundary in English. We argue in this study that the deletion of the [t] in the input /nt/ sequences is due to the specified constraint of *NC̥-Cor. If it dominates the faithfulness constraint Faith-Seg(σ), only the [n] is realized in the output. With the reversed ranking, we can account for the faithful pronunciation of the [nt]. This theoretical analysis is supported by quantitative evidence in which the native speakers of North American English pronounce both [nt] and [n] in their reading a list of words containing the input /nt/. We provide supporting quantitative evidence even if we used a fairly formal register of the language by providing the subjects with the word list. The results of the quantitative study show that the pronunciation of the /nt/ over a syllable boundary reflects the difference in the familiarity of words, depending on gender, age, and teaching experience.

A Study on Positional Feature Projection in English

정진완 미래영어영문학회 2014 영어영문학 Vol.19 No.2

이 연구는 분절음이 음절 하부구조인 음절 초성이나 종성에 나타날 때 다르게 실현되는 변이음의 음운적 역할을 중점적으로 고찰하고 있다. 일반적으로 한 음소의 변이음은 음절의 위치에 따라서 실현되는 자연스러운 현상으로 간주되어 왔고, 이들의 실제 음운현상에서의 역할은 연구의 대상으로 주목을 받지 못했다. 그러나 변이음의 특징을 면밀히 살펴보면 이들은 기저형에 주어진 기본 자질에서 음절의 특정에 위치에 나타나 변화된 자질을 갖게 된다. 이 변화된 자질은 한 음운현상을 유발시키는 환경을 다른 부류의 분절음 그룹과 같이 구성하기도 하고, 음운현상이 일어나는 환경을 설정하지 못해 현상을 방해하기도 한다. 이 연구에서는 이러한 한 분절음의 음절위치에 따른 자질의 변화를 ‘위치적 자질투사’라고 정의하고, 이 개념을 바탕으로 영어의 반모음과 유음이 어떻게 탄설음화와 치경저해폐쇄음 탈락에서 중요한 역할을 수행하는 지를 최적성 이론에 의거하여 분석을 하였다. 이 위치적 자실투사는 변이음의 음운현상에서의 능동적인 역할 뿐만 아니라 전통적으로 주장되었던 변이음의 실현을 음운론에서 형식을 갖춘 주요개념으로 도입하는 시도를 하고 있다. 따라서 이 개념은 기존의 위치적 충실성이나 위치적인 현저성과는 다른 양상을 보여 준다.