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Urban-Rural Differences in the Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms in Korean Adults
정지안,김선아,양정호,신민호 전남대학교 의과학연구소 2023 전남의대학술지 Vol.59 No.2
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of depression among Koreans living in urban and rural areas, stratified by socioeconomic status. The study included 216,765 participants from the 2017 Korean Community Health Survey. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the PHQ-9, with a score of 10 or higher indicating depressive symptoms. Residences with the words Eup and Myeon in their addresses were categorized as rural areas, and residences with Dong in their addresses as urban areas. Socioeconomic status was evaluated by household income and education level. A Poisson regression analysis with sampling weights was conducted and adjusted for demographic, lifestyle, socioeconomic status, and comorbidity. The adjusted prevalence rate of depressive symptoms was 3.33% (95% CI, 3.21-3.45) in urban areas and 2.59% (95% CI, 2.43-2.74) in rural areas. The prevalence of depressive symptoms in urban areas was 1.29 times (95% CI, 1.20-1.38) higher than in rural areas. The prevalence rate ratio for depressive symptoms in urban areas compared to rural areas sorted by monthly incomes was 1.39 (95% CI, 1.28-1.51) for less than 2 million won, 1.22 (95% CI, 1.06-1.41) for 2 to 3.99 million won, and 1.09 (95% CI, 0.90-1.32) for more than 4 million won, and the urban-rural difference was more evident in lower household income subjects (p for interaction=0.033). However, urban-rural differences did not differ according to sex, age, or education level. In conclusion, we found urban-rural differences in depressive symptoms in a representative sample of Koreans, and revealed that these differences may vary according to income level. These results suggest that mental health policy must consider the health disparities according to residence and income.
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정지안,김문정 보건의료산업학회 2020 보건의료산업학회지 Vol.14 No.3
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the educational needs of oriental nurses and to develop an occupational education program for them. Methods: The researchers reviewed literature and interviewed oriental medical professionals to construct an educational needs questionnaire. One hundred oriental nurses completed the questionnaire. The primary content validity test was conducted with a group of ten experts, while the secondary content validity test was done with 50 oriental nurses. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and the Content Validity Index (CVI) using SPSS 23.0 for Windows. Results: Through the literature review and interviews, 48 items of the educational needs questionnaire were constructed. After an analysis of 100 datasets obtained from educational needs survey, 37 items remained. Items of CVI below 0.80 were deleted and 33 items remained after two content validity tests. Conclusions: The oriental nursing job training program developed in this study will be useful for the training of new oriental nurses in oriental hospitals.
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단백질 분해효소를 이용한 실크단백질로부터 실크펩타이드 제조
정지안,고강석,이재원,박미나,박은지,최준호 한국산업식품공학회 2017 학술대회 및 심포지엄 Vol.2017 No.11
비단 원료인 실크(견사)는 피브로인(Fibroin; 75%)과 세리신(Sericin; 25%)으로 구성된 단백질 복합체이다. 실크단백질은 실크로부터 탄산나트륨을 이용하는 정련과정을 거쳐 세리신을 제거한 100% 피브로인으로 구성되어 있다. 피브로인은 셀룰로스와 같은 β-sheet 형태로 인하여 불용성이면서 일정한 강도를 유지하는 단백질로서 천연섬유로 사용되어 왔다. 21세기에 실크피브로인의 산 처리 분해산물을 이용한 기능성 생활용품을 비롯하여 당뇨, 고혈압, 숙취제거, 생분해성 고분자 등 다양한 식품용 및 인체용 소재로 실용화되고 있다. 산 처리 가수분해 방법은 고온·강산에서 실크단백질을 분해한 이후 중화·탈색·탈취·탈염·농축·건조를 거쳐 실크펩타이드와 실크아미노산을 제조하여 왔다. 산 처리가수분해에 따른 불규칙한 분자량, 낮은 회수율, 환경오염 등의 문제점을 극복하기 위하여 효소분해 방법을 도입하여 생산수율 향상과 저분자량의 실크펩타이드를 제조하고자 하였다. 세리신이 제거된 실크피브로인은 에스에스바이오팜㈜에서 제공받았다, 실크피브로인은 CaCl₂ : EtOH : DW (몰비 1 : 2 : 8) 용액에 20%(w/v)으로 용해시킨 후 투석막(MW cut-off 12 kDa, Sigma)을 이용하여 과잉의 염을 제거하고 잔존하는 불용성 고형물은 원심분리를 통하여 제거한 실크피브로인 용액을 제조하였다. 단백질분해효소는 Biocatalysts, DuPont, DSM Food Specialities, Novozymes사에서 판매하는 효소를 구입하여 사용하였다. 실크단백질 농도는 Lowry 방법, 효소반응에 따른 아미노산 농도는 Ninhydrin 방법, 그리고 실크단백질과 펩타이드 분자량은 SDS-PAGE를 이용하여 측정하였다. Bacterial Protease로 알려진 5종의 단백질분해효소를 실크피브로인의 단백질 량 대비 1%에 해당하는 량으로 24시간 처리한 결과, 실크피브로인은 Protamex®에서 27.6%, Alphalase®에서 39.3%, Delvolase™에서 46.8%, Alcalase®에서 47.4%, FoodPro® Alkaline Protease에서 47.4%가 분해되는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 효소분해에서 좋은 결과를 보여준 FoodPro® Alkaline Protease의 처리량을 실크피브로인의 0.1, 0.5, 1.0%로 증가함에 따라 실크피브로인의 분해는 29.2%, 37.5%, 그리고 47.4%로 증가하는 사실로부터 실크피브로인의 효소분해는 처리하는 단백질분해효소의 량에 의존적으로 이루어졌다. 한편, Alphalase®의 경우에는 실크피브로인 대비 효소처리량을 0.1, 0.5, 1.0%로 증가하여도 실크피브로인의 분해는 22.6%, 23.6%, 그리고 39.3%로 증가하여 실크피브로인의 분해를 위하여 일정수준 이상의 효소처리가 필요하였다. 단백질 분해효소의 처리시간에 따른 실크피브로인의 분자량을 SDS-PAGE로 확인한 결과, 반응시간에 따라 Running Gel의 상단에서 분해되기 시작하는 고분자량의 실크피브로인과 특정 분자량에 해당하는 단백질 밴드가 강하게 생성되는 것을 확인하였다. 향후 실크피브로인을 분해할 수 있는 다양한 단백질분해 효소의 조합과 반응조건을 활용하면 적정한 분자량을 지닌 실크펩타이드의 제조공정을 개발할 수 있을 것이다.
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전통 발효식초에서 분리한 Lactobacillus harbinensis VF의 프로바이오틱스 활성
정지안,유지영,이성실,최준호 한국산업식품공학회 2023 산업 식품공학 Vol.27 No.2
A novel L. harbinensis VF was isolated from fermented vinegar and identified through biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. Characteristics of probiotics were studied for acid and bile salt tolerances, hemolytic activity, antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial activity, cell surface hydrophobicity, and aggregation. The survival rates of the isolate were maintained at 68.9% and 95.6% after 3 h incubation at pH 2.0 and 2.5 and were over 74% at bile salt concentrations of 0.3% and 0.5%. The hemolytic activity was confirmed to be y-hemolysis. The isolate showed broad antibiotics-resistance in over 12 antibiotics except for trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, compared to L. plantarum (KCTC 3108), used as control, and previously reported L. harbinensis. Antimicrobial activity was confirmed against pathogens, B. cereus, E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes, and S. typhimurium, except S. aureus, and it was attributed to produced organic acids (low pH). The hydrophobicity for xylene and chloroform were 16.7% and 20.4%, respectively, lower than those of L. plantarum (41.2% & 49.9%). The auto-aggregation and coaggregation with pathogens were 83.8% and 49.2-87.6% at 24 h incubation, respectively, higher than those of L. plantarum. From this study, L. harbinensis VF is likely to be used as a probiotic strain and is a strong candidate for commercial application.
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정지안,조성구 동국대학교 산업기술대학원 1993 산업기술논문집 Vol.1 No.-
This study presents a reliability computation method for directed networks with unreliable components. The unreliable components' failure probabilities are assumed to be known and statistically independent. The computation method is essentially composed of two steps.In the first step, the possible inverse paths from the terminal node are searched for and simultaneously parallelized at each stage. This process is continued until the source node is finally reached. In the second step, the network reliability is calculated from this parallelized diagram by producing disjoint terms composed of all components. The reliability expressions can be directly obtained from these disjoint terms. In order to verify this suggested method, the reliability of an example network given in reference is calculated. The results show that this method requires a relatively small amount of calculation. However, it is found out that the method cannot be applied to all network types. In this respect, the future research should be one that enhance the applicability of the suggested method to other type of networks.
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수동휠체어 계단 승월을 보조하기 위한 전동어시스트 모듈의 직진 주행 보정 기법에 관한 연구
정지안,황현창,이원영,이응혁 대한전자공학회 2019 전자공학회논문지 Vol.56 No.12
In this paper, we propose the Yaw angle estimatiopn technique using the Roll and Pitch angles and directness alignment controller using the Yaw angle. To evaluate the performance of the proposed alignment control technique, the experimental environment was constructed by considering the external force situation at the real stair level. Through the experiment, Yaw was applied to each estimation technique and directness alignment controller. The experimental results showed that the calibration time of 0.7 seconds was taken at the Yaw angle of 11° to verify the performance of the Yaw respective estimation technique and the directness alignment controller 본 논문에서는 계단 이동 보조 로봇의 외력에 의해 발생한 Yawing을 Yaw 각 추정 기법과 추정된 Yaw 각을 이용한 전동 어시스트 모듈 직진성 보정 제어기법을 제안한다. 제안한 보정 제어기의 성능 평가를 위해 실계단에서의 외력 상황을 고려하여 실험환경을 구성하였으며, 실험을 통하여 Yaw 각 추정 기법과 직진성 보정 제어기에 적용하여 실험하였다. 실험 결과 11°의 Yaw각도에서 0.7초의 보정 시간이 소요되어 Yaw 각 추정 기법과 직진성 보정 제어기의 성능을 검증하였다.
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