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정장화,이영해,정정우 한국경영과학회 2002 한국경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.1(1)
Nowadays, risk management in the enterprise is considered as the important activity. Risk management can be defined as the activity which is the analysis of risk factors related to damages, the estimation of the magnitude of risk, and the determination of investment to protect damage in a company. Initially, risk management was originated in financial areas. But the concept of risk has been expanded in the enterprise. Most companies have extended their activities in various areas. In this tendency, most activities must be considered in supply chain. So, risk management must be considered as the concept in the viewpoint of supply chain. The framework of risk management in supply chain and the related mathematical model are represented in this paper. Risk management in supply chain can provide a positive opportunity not only to protect various damages, but also to improve the relationship between partners.
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정장화 ( Jeong Jang Hwa ),이영해 ( Lee Yeong Hae ),정정우 ( Jeong Jeong U ) 대한설비관리학회 2003 대한설비관리학회지 Vol.8 No.3
Recently, risk management in the enterprise has become more and more important. It includes the analysis of risk factors related to damages, the estimation of the magnitude of risk, and the determination of investment to protect damage in a company. Initially, the concept of risk management originated in finance. But, the concept of risk has been expanded to all areas of the enterprise and to the supply chain. The framework of risk management in a supply chain and the related optimization models are derived in this Paper.
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김동수,김인배,정장화 한국유전학회 1993 Genes & Genomics Vol.15 No.3
The swim-up fry fed 3 milligrams of 17α-methyltestosterone per kilogram of diet for about 800 degree-days, led to successful production of sex-reversed male (masculinized female) population. The spermatozoa in the testes of sex-reversed males were viable, but natural fertilization was not possible because their sperm ducts were deformed. All-female population was produced by artificial fertilization with sperms from the testes of masculinized female. All-female triploids were also produced by heat shock treatment of the eggs just after fertilization. Triploids were confirmed by the analyses of erythrocytic size and number of chromosomes. The volumes of both erythrocytes and their nuclei were larger than those of diploids. The chromosome numbers of diploids and triploids were 2n=61 and 3n=92, respectively. The gonads of the triploids were histologically sterile.
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곽정훈,최동윤,박치호,정장화,김재환,유용희,전병수,라창식,Kwag, J.H.,Choi, D.Y.,Park, C.H.,Jeong, J.H.,Kim, J.H.,Yoo, Y.H.,Jeon, B.S.,Ra, C.S. 한국축산환경학회 2008 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.14 No.3
양돈농가에서 설치되어 운영되고 있는 퇴비화시설에 대한 수분 증발량에 대한 조사결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 돼지사육 두수는 단순 퇴비사 1,433두/호, 기계교반 퇴비화 시설 설치농가는 3,500두/호 이었다. 2. 퇴비화시설의 용적은 단순 퇴비사 $0.33m^3$/두, 기계교반 퇴비화시설 설치농가는 $0.25m^3$/두로 퇴비화시설 용적이 약 24.2% 정도 적은 것으로 조사되었다. 3. 조사농가의 수거돈분의 평균 수분 함량은 단순퇴비사 86.8%, 기계교반 85.7%로 기계교반 퇴비화시설 설치농가의 돈분의 수분 함량이 약 1.3% 정도 낮은 것으로 조사되었다. 4. 1일 투입되는 수분량은 단순 퇴비사 $4.1kg/m^3$/일, 기계교반 퇴비화시설 설치농가는 $6.5kg/m^3$/일로 기계교반 설치농가에서 약 36.9% 정도 단위면적당 수분량이 높게 투입되는 것으로 조사되었다. 5. 퇴비화기간동안의 발효온도는 단순퇴비화 시설에서 최고온도가 $45^{\circ}C$ 정도 상승하였으나, 기계교반 퇴비화시설 설치농가에서의 최고 발효온도는 $70^{\circ}C$까지 상승하는 것으로 조사되었다. 6. 수분 감소량은 퇴비화 시설 $1m^3$당 단순퇴비사 3.7 kg, 기계교반 5.2 kg으로 기계교반 퇴비화 시설이 약 28.8% 높은 것으로 조사되었는데 이는 퇴비더미내 발효온도 차이에 의한 원인인 것으로 판단되어졌다. 7. 퇴비화후 비료성분 함량은 질소 함량은 각각 0.84% 및 0.86%로 비슷한 경향으로 조사되었으며, ${P_2}{O_5}$(%) 성분도 0.78% 및 0.74%로 단순퇴비화시설에서 약간 높은 경향을 보였다. 그러나 OM 및 OM/N은 처리간에 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 조사되었다. 8. 따라서 양돈농가에서의 기계교반 및 단순퇴비화 시설을 이용하여 돈분뇨를 퇴비화하는 경우 돈분의 수분함량과 발효온도 및 수분 증발가능량 등을 고려하여 퇴비화 효율을 향상시키는 노력이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. The results of the research on the amount of water evaporation from composting facilities operated in swine farms are below. The number of swine per a farm was 1433 head/farm for a Simple Composting Facility (SCF) and 3500 head/farm for a Escalator composting facility(ECF) system. The capacities of the SCF and the ECF were $0.33m^3/head$ and $0.25m^3/head$, respectively. The ECF had 24.2% less capacity than the SCF. The average water contents in the swine manure for the CP and the ECF of the surveyed farms were 86.8% and 85.7%, respectively, which revealed the ECF had 1.3% less average water content than the SCF. Daily water inputs into the SCF and the ECF were $4.1kg/m^3/day$ and $6.5kg/m^3/day$, respectively. The ECF had approximately 36.9% higher water input than the SCF. Fermentation temperatures during the composting period for the SCF and the ECF were up to $45^{\circ}C$ and $70^{\circ}C$, respectively. The decreases in water contents per each square meter for the SCF and the ECF were 3.7 kg and 5.2 kg, respectively. The ECF lost approximately 28.8% more water content than the ECF, which would be caused by the difference of fermentation temperature between two systems. Fertilizer components after composting were examined. Nitrogen contents of the SCF and the ECF were similar (0.84% and 0.86%, respectively) and ${P_2}{O_5}$ contents were 0.78% and 0.74%, respectively, showing the SCF had slightly higher content than the ECF. However, OM and OM/N did not show the difference between two systems. Hence, efforts to increase composting efficiency with considerations of the water content of swine manure, fermentation temperature, and water evaporation potential should be done when the SCF and the ECF were used in swine farms.
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