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예치금 등 폐기물재활용을 위한 경제적 유인책의 활성화 방안
정원태,정재춘 한국환경정책학회 1995 環境政策 Vol.3 No.2
The situation of our country's household waste recycling rate in 1994 in reached only to 15.4 percent which is a very low numerical value because it indicates our daily waste disposition capacity as 8,927 ton /day. To improve our waste recycling rate our gorvernment is reinforcing depoait-refund systems in bottle. Currently the reinforcement of deposit-refund systems in bottle shows high success by achieving 9a.0 percent in recycling rate which has brought a great environmental effects. This survey is provided to inspect and to practice survey about the more possible charge systems including deposit-refund systems. Based on surveyed data, a variety of opinions regarding target subject of each system was col-lected and positive improvement plans were suggested through introducing econ-omic incentive system. Trough this study, following problems In deposit-refund systems were presented. -vagueness of selection basis according to the rate of deposit and vessels -negaeive attiude cased by the waste collect-treatment division's lack of recognition toward economic incentive -confined number of depesit-refund targets -vagueness for selection basis of item and omission of several deposit-refund targets -low application of principle of polluter payment due to low deposit rate. -Followings are the directions of improvement of deposit systems. -more positive utilization of econamic incentive -government's positive intervention in dispositing large-scaled waste which requires very difficult disposition -construction of collect-treatment system led by manufacturers and importers -utiligation of refund-regulation to outsiders -enforcement of advance notice of refund rate and deposit-refund targets -amended application of refund rate according to the result of waste recycling
Determination of isoquinoline alkaloids by UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF MS: Application to Chelidonium majus L.
정원태,임흥빈 한국분석과학회 2017 분석과학 Vol.30 No.6
In this study, we set up an analytical method that can be used for rapid and accurate determination of representative isoquinoline alkaloids in medicinal plants using UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF MS (ultra pressure liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–quadrupole–time-of-flight mass spectrometry). The compounds were eluted on a C18 column with 0.1 % formic acid and acetonitrile, and separated with good resolution within 13 min. Each of the separated components was characterized by precursor ions (generated by ESI-Q-TOF) and fragment ions (produced by collision-induced dissociation, CID), which were used as a reliable database. We also performed method validation: analytes showed excellent linearity (R2, 0.9971–0.9996), LOD (5–25 ng/mL), LOQ (17–82 ng/mL), accuracy (91.6–97.4 %) as well as intra- and inter-day precisions (RSD, 1.8–3.2 %). In the analysis of Chelidonium majus L., magnoflorine, coptisine, sanguinarine, berberine and palmatine were detected by matching retention times and characteristic fragment ion patterns of reference standards. We also confirmed that, among the quantified components, coptisine was present in the highest quantity. Furthermore, alkaloid profiling was carried out by analyzing the fragment ion patterns corresponding to peaks of unknown components. In this manner, protopine, chelidonine, stylopine, dihydroberberine, canadine, and nitidine were tentatively identified. We also proposed the molecular structure of the fragment ions that appear in the mass spectrum. Therefore, we concluded that our suggested method for the determination of major isoquinoline alkaloids by UPLC-Q-TOF can be useful not only for quality control, but also for rapid and accurate investigation of phytochemical constituents of medicinal plants.
정원태,이인석,정혜정,Jung, Won-Tae,Lee, In-Suk,Jeong, Hae-Jeong 한국데이터정보과학회 1996 한국데이터정보과학회지 Vol.7 No.2
When we are estimate the smoothing parameter in spline regression model, we deal the diagnostic of influence observations as posteriori analysis. When we use Generalized Maximum Likelihood Function as the estimation method of smoothing parameter, we propose the diagnostic measure for influencial observations in the obtained estimate, and we introduce the finding method of the proper smoothing parameter estimate.