한국제조업(韓國製造業)의 경기지향적(景氣指向的) 생산성과 노동퇴장(勞動退藏)

정용균 한국국제경제학회 1995 국제경제연구 Vol.1 No.1

미국의 조정-중재(Med-Arb) 제도에 관한 연구

정용균 한국중재학회 2014 중재연구 Vol.24 No.1

조정-중재제도는 조정절차의 우의성과 중재절차의 최종성을 결합한 혼종형 분쟁해결제도이다. 조정-중재는 1 단계에서 조정을 시행하고, 조정이 교착상태에 빠지게 되면, 2 단계에서 중재절차를 시행하여 분쟁을 해결하는 절차이다. 본 연구에서는 미국의 네 가지 사례분석을 통하여 조정-중재는 초기의 노동분쟁 뿐 만 아니라, 엔터테인먼트산업 분쟁, 가사분쟁인 유언분쟁, 더 나아가서 국제상사분쟁에 까지 폭넓게 사용되고 있음을 밝힘으로써 미국에서 조정-중재제도가 활발하게 사용되고 있음을 제시하였다. 우리나라는 한미FTA를 체결한 상황이어서 더욱 조정-중재 제도에 대하여 연구가 필요하다고 하겠다. 다만 조정-중재제도는 동일한 중립인이 조정인의 역할과 중재인의 역할을 동시에 수행하는 관계로, 조정-중재인이 조정단계에서 얻은 사적인 정보를 중재단계에서 활용할 가능성이 커지는 문제점을 개선할 필요가 있다고 할 것이다.

중소기업의 FTA 교육과 컨설팅에 관한 사례연구: 경기 강원 부산경남지역을 중심으로

정용균,김홍률,이계열 한국무역상무학회 2019 貿易商務硏究 Vol.84 No.-

Most of literature shows that FTA utilization rate is not so high. One of the main reasons is known to be the insufficient provision of information on FTA toward Exporting SMEs. This study examines the current status of FTA education and FTA consulting through the case study of Exporting SMEs in three regions of South Korea: Gyeonggi, Gangwon, and Busan·Gyeongnam in Korea. Our findings show that half of responding Exporting SMEs are ill-equipped in terms of professionals of rules of origin. Second, most of responding Exporting SMEs need a continuous training on FTA and Rules of Origin. Third, most of Exporting SMEs also need a continuous training on FTA. Fourth, SMEs needs FTA consulting that meets the needs of each Exporting SMEs. 우리나라가 세계 여러 나라와 FTA 체결을 확대함에 따라 이를 활용하기 위한 FTA 교육과 컨설팅도 늘리고 있지만 중소기업의 FTA 활용률은 기대만큼 높지 못하다. 활용률이 높지 않은 가장 큰 이유는 FTA를 활용할 수 있는 정보와 방법이 부족하기 때문이다. 중소기업들에게 FTA 관련 지식이 충분하다고 생각하느냐는 질문에 절반 이상의 기업들이 FTA 관련 지식과 정보가 충분하지 않다고 응답하였다. 본 연구는 경기, 강원, 부산경남지역의 중소기업들을 대상으로 FTA 교육과 컨설팅 내용에 대해서 질문하고 그 개선사항을 분석한 것이다. 분석결과 현재 일회성 교육, 주제별 교육, 중복성 교육에서 벗어나 기관별로 특화된 차별화 교육이 필요하고, 품목분류부터 사후관리까지 개별기업 맞춤형 통합컨설팅이 필요하고, 국가별로 적용품목 및 방법이 모두 다르기 때문에 단순히 FTA 지식전달이 아닌 국가별 법률·문화·제도까지 고려된 해외마케팅 차원의 FTA 컨설팅이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

신흥시장에서의 리버스 이노베이션 - 혁신확산모형과 중국시장 사례연구

정용균 한중사회과학학회 2020 한중사회과학연구 Vol.18 No.1

Reverse Innovation has been a newly emerging concept of innovation for last ten years. It implies that new technology or new knowledge flows from low income countries to high income countries. This concept of reverse innovation contradicts the conventional wisdom of innovation paradigm. The conventional wisdom implies that most of technological innovation has been created within research centers located at advanced countries. Our contribution is that this paper suggests an innovation- diffusion model of reverse innovation. We divide total diffusion of reverse innovation into four sub-parts: first, identification of the problem, second, innovation in low income country, third, innovation transfer from low income country to high income country, and fourth, innovation and diffusion in high income country. We also implements a case study of China in the area of reverse innovation. Our finding show that eleven cases of reverse innovation are identified in China. Accordingly, we conclude that China is one of the Emerging Market(EM) that implements a reverse innovation. One of implications of this study is that it is necessary to intensify cooperation between high income country and low income country, since executives of headquarter of multi-national corporation(MNC) located at high income countries need to understand cultures of low income country to sell their products to low income countries. At the same time, low income country needs to cooperate with the headquarter of multi-national corporation(MNC) in high income country in order to re-export their frugal products to high income countries.

중국에서의 상사중재판정 집행에 관한 동향과 제도개선 연구 : 외국투자자 관점을 중심으로

정용균 한국중재학회 2010 중재연구 Vol.20 No.1

The enforcement of commercial arbitration awards in the People's Republic of China is one the controversial obstacles faced by foreign investors in China. The foreign investor will fail to enforce the arbitration award, if the Chinese court refuses the enforcement in China, even if the arbitration tribunal rules the award in favor of foreign investor who is in dispute with Chinese partners. In Korea, we have not many researches in the enforcement of foreign related awards and awards ruled by other jurisdiction. In recent times, Professor Kyung-Ja Cha(2005) and Professor Sun-Jeong Kim(2008) analyzed the enforcement of arbitration awards in China. Professor Kyung-Ja Cha(2005) reports the details of the enforcement statistics of CIETAC during 1990s. Professor Sun-Jeong Kim(2008) analyzed the obstacles of the enforcement of foreign related awards in China. This paper extends their researches in the field of the enforcement of arbitration awards in China. First, this paper extends Professor Kyung-Ja Cha(2005)'s study by introducing the Chinese enforcement situation during the period of 2000-2007. Second, this paper extends Professor Sunjung Kim(2008) emphasizes the local protectionism and the weakness of judiciary as key factors of obstacles to enforce the foreign related awards in People's Republic of China. This paper, additionally, highlights the role of the Guanxi and the antagonism of court toward arbitration institution to enforce the foreign related awards in People's Republic of China. Third, this study provides the recent developments of Supreme People's Court(SPC)'s rules to narrow down the gap between the practices of international arbitration and those of People's Republic of China. The Implications of this study are as follows. First, it is desirable for foreign investors to appoint the CIETAC or BAC as the arbitration commission in China. Second, the local competent attorney is the best choice to solve the respondent's insolvency in China. Third, foreign investors is required to monitor the provisions on the electronic instruments such as EDI and Email in Chinese law.

기업문화관점에서 본 영국, 프랑스 그리고 한국기업의 의사소통체계분석

정용균,이상우,박상남,이영학,최윤희,김유경,조관연,김시홍 한국외국어대 경제경영연구소 2006 경제경영연구 Vol.23 No.2

The Moderating Effects of Fairness of Arbitration and Speed of Arbitration on Korean Traders' Attitudes toward Arbitration

정용균,하홍열,김광수 한국무역학회 2014 Journal of Korea trade Vol.18 No.2

Arbitration plays a relatively important role in the resolution of disputes as the volume of exports and imports increases in the cases of Korea. The number of cases filed to the ICC Court of Arbitration in connection with Korea outweighs those of Japan and China during last decade. For the understanding of Korean commercial arbitration, authors construct the conceptual model of arbitration, where two types of intentions, the intention of dispute resolution and resolution intention by arbitration, are closely related to sustainable transactions in the context of Korean trade. The conceptual model of arbitration also includes the speed of arbitration and the fairness of the arbitral award as moderating variables, since both variables are expected to have a non-negligible effect on the trader’s intentions of dispute resolution and the intention related with the choice of arbitration. Our findings show that two types of intentions have an impact on the intention of sustainable transactions. Furthermore, the fairness of the arbitral award has moderating effects on the relationship between the two types of intentions of dispute resolution and the intention of sustainable transaction decreases as the fairness of the arbitral award increases. On the other hand, the speed of arbitration does not influence the relationship between the two types of intentions of dispute resolution and the intention of sustainable transactions. These results have important implications for Korean traders. First, Korean traders perceive that arbitration is an effective resolution device. Second, unlike the usual argument of the rapidity of arbitration, Korean traders do not perceive that the arbitration is speedy.

태국의 FTA 무역정책: 기원, 활용도 및 함의

정용균 한국태국학회 2019 한국태국학회논총 Vol.25 No.2

Trade policy of Thailand, in former times, was the multilateral non-discriminatory free trade policy. But after the Asian financial crisis, Thai government switches to free trade agreement(FTA) policy that promotes bilateral FTA with other countries. Major reasons are three fold. First, they try to open the domestic market to foreign investors in order to vitalize the domestic economy. Second, they try to get access to foreign market, after the collapse of economy due to Asian financial crisis. Third, they are afraid of being lagged behind their competitor, Singapore. Nowadays, Thai's trade policy emphasizes positive attitudes toward FTAs in order to join various kinds of FTA agreement such as Thai-Australia FTA(TAFTA), Thai-Japan FTA, and AFTA, etc. Upcoming problem of Thai government is the low utilization rate of FTA, which is a widespread problem all over the world. This paper finds that Thai business firms have no incentive to utilize FTAs, since there is no substantial discrimination between MFN tariff rate and FTA tariff rate across various product lines. Furthermore, we find that SMEs have no incentive to use FTA in their business, since they are faced with a substantial adminstration cost of handling FTA to alleviate noodel bowl problem. A basic problem related with low utilization is the information problem of firms. Therefore, it is necessary to expose enterprises to informations of FTAs.

돼지 동결정액의 인공수정

정용균 대한수의사회 1986 대한수의사회지 Vol.22 No.6

중소기업의 FTA 활용과 사후검증에 대한 사례 연구: 경기, 강원, 부산지역 기업을 중심으로

정용균,이계열,김홍률 한국관세학회 2019 관세학회지 Vol.20 No.3

Korean SMEs' are suffered from a various impediments to utilize FTA. This paper implements a case study in order to investigate the current situation of the origin verification and FTA training effect of SMEs in Korea. For this purpose, we select thirty three SMEs located in Gangwon, Gyeonggi, Busan province. Our findings are as follows. First, we find that all participants plan to utilize FTA in their businesses in the future, irrespective of present situation of FTA utilization. Second, we find that most of participating SMEs do not prepare ex post origin verification of FTA. Third, most of participants participate FTA training program. However, some of them do not appear to satisfy current FTA training programs. Fourth, our study show that there are extreme diversity surrounding the selection of public institution to help their businesses in terms of FTA utilization. Accordingly, policy implications of our findings are as follows: First, it is desirable for policy makers to design the policy in order to stimulate SMEs‘ ex post origin verification of FTA. Second, it is desirable to narrow down the number of supporting institutions to help SMEs in FTA utilization. 우리나라가 FTA를 추진한지 20년이 넘었지만 중소기업의 FTA활용률은 좀처럼 개선되지 않고 있다. 낮은 활용률의 원인으로 그동안 복잡한 원산지 규정이 지적되어 왔지만 이것 이외에도 다른 요인들이 있는 것으로 보인다. 본 연구는 경기, 강원, 부산지역의 중소기업 33곳을 대상으로 FTA를 활용하는데 실질적인 장애요인이 무엇인지를 밝힌 심층 사례연구이다. 연구결과 중소기업이 FTA를 활용하지 않는 이유는첫째, 전담부서나 인력이 부족한 상태에서 복잡한 원산지증명서를 처리하는데 시간과 비용이 들기 때문이다. 둘째, FTA 사후검증에 대한 두려움 때문인데, 특히 2차, 3차 협력업체들로부터 재료명세서(BOM), 원가내역서 등 가격 정보를 얻어내기가 쉽지 않기 때문이다. 셋째, FTA 교육이 전문화되지 못하고 중복적이어서 만족도가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 중소기업의 FTA 활용도를 높이기 위해서는 원산지증명서발급을 간소화하여 비용과 시간을 절약하도록 하고, FTA 교육이 수출기업뿐만 아니라 2차, 3차 협력업체까지 확대하도록 FTA 교육을 재설계하며, 중소기업들이 FTA사후검증을 두려워하지 않도록 사후검증 대비 프로그램 등 인프라를 지원할 필요가 있다. 이밖에도 FTA 전담부서나 전문인력이 없는 경우에는 수출기업과 관세법인간에 업무지원을 위한 계약체결이 이루어지도록 지원하는 것도 고려해 볼만하다.