머무르고 싶은 지역이란? -지방정부 서비스와 재정이 지역애착과 거주기간에 미치는 영향-

정영아(鄭英兒),김윤지(金玧志) 한국지방자치학회 2021 韓國地方自治學會報 Vol.33 No.3

지방자치 발전과 지방분권을 위해서는 지역주민의 참여와 지역의 적정인구 유지가 필수적인 바, 현재 한국의 수도권으로의 인구집중 및 비수도권 지역의 인구감소로 인한 지방인구 소멸과 낮은 참여는 우려할 만 하다. 한편 자치와 분권화의 요구가 지속되는 가운데 주민의 지역애착은 의미있는 지방자치에 있어 중요한 동기요인이 될 것이다. 그렇다면 어떤 지역요인이 주민의 지역애착과 거주기간에 영향을 미치고 지방정부는 어떤 역할을 할 수 있는가? 본 연구는 2020년 「한국 커뮤니티웰빙에 관한 설문조사」 자료(전국 226개 기초자치단체에 거주하는 주민 16,258명) 와 지방정부 재정, 서비스 및 환경 자료를 이용하여 지방정부 요인이 주민의 지역애착과 거주기간에 각각 미치는 영향을 위계적 선형모형(hierarchical linear model: HLM)으로 분석하였다. 분석결과, 지역애착에는 문화기반시설 수, 하수도보급률, 재난방재민방위 지출 등 지방정부의 서비스 인프라가 주요 영향요인으로 나타났으며, 거주기간의 경우, 수도권 여부, 지역경제수준(1인당 GRDP) 등 거시환경이 주요 영향요인으로 나타났다. 나아가 공공선택론에서 강조하는 지방세(1인당 징수액, 최근 3년 증가율)는 지역애착과 거주기간에 모두 유의미한 결과를 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 향후 지방자치의 발전을 위해서 지방정부는 인구유출 억제/인구 유인보다는 지역주민의 지역애착을 향상시킬 수 있는, 삶의 질을 위한 인프라 조성에 초점을 맞추는 것이 더 효과적인 정책임을 시사한다. The year 2021 marks the 30th anniversary of the revival of local autonomy in Korea, and there are continued efforts to promote more decentralization and local autonomy. In particular, the 2020 amendment of the Local Autonomy Act empowers citizens to promote more community-driven local autonomy. A strong sense of local attachment is important for sustained, meaningful participation in local autonomy. Meanwhile, local governments in Korea are faced with the challenge of shrinking population due to out-migration, low birth rates, and aging. What collective factors affect local residents’ local attachment and length of residence? How do local government services and finance matter? We combine 2020 national survey data of 16,258 residents in 226 local districts (Korea) and local services and finance data from the Korean Statistical Information Service (KOSIS) and Local Finance Integrated Open System to explore the drivers of local attachment and length of residence. Our hierarchical linear models (HLM) show different drivers for local attachment and length of residence. Local attachment is driven by greater levels of local services, such as number of cultural facilities, sewer service ratio, and disaster prevention expenditures. For length of residence, macro-environment conditions, such as being in the Seoul metropolitan area and having a larger local economy (measured by GRDP per capita) matter. Localities within the Seoul metropolitan area with a larger local economy have more newcomers with shorter length of residence. Local taxes (local revenue per resident, average increase in local taxes over 3 years) - something emphasized by public choice theories – did not have a significant effect on either attachment or length of residence. Our results imply that the current focus on retaining residents and/or attracting new residents using economic incentives may be ineffective and instead, calls for a shift in focus to increasing local attachment of residents through better services.

증착 환경 변화에 따른 인이 첨가된 ZnO 박막의 물성연구

정영의,이승환,황선민,조창우,배종성,박성균 한국진공학회 2012 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.2012 No.8

Comparison of the Epidemiological Aspects of Imported Dengue Cases between Korea and Japan, 2006-2010

정영의,이원창,조정은,한명국,이원자 질병관리본부 2016 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.7 No.1

To compare the epidemiological characteristics of dengue cases imported by travelers or immigration in both Korea and Japan, we determined dengue incidence and related risk factors. During 2006-2010, 367 and 589 imported dengue cases were reported in Korea and Japan, respectively. In Korea, the presumptive origins for the dengue infections were Southeast Asia (82.6%), Southern Asia (13.9%), Eastern Asia (1.1%), South America (0.3%), Central America (0.3%), Africa (0.3%), and other countries (1.6%). In Japan, the origins of the infections were Southeast Asia (69.8%), Southern Asia (20.0%), Eastern Asia (1.7%), South America (2.5%), Central America (1.2%), Africa (1.2%), Oceania (2.4%), and other countries (1.2%). In both countries, more dengue cases were reported for men than for women (p < 0.01), and those aged 20-30 years accounted for > 60% of the total cases. The frequency of imported cases in summer and autumn (~70% of total cases) was similar in both countries. This study demonstrates that there is a similar pattern of imported dengue cases in Korea and Japan. Therefore, there is a risk of an autochthonous dengue outbreak in Korea, as indicated by the recent outbreak in Japan in 2014.

79 년도 보험정책 방향

정영의 한국보험학회 1979 保險學會誌 Vol.15 No.-

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Ortega에 있어서 실재문제

정영도(鄭榮道) 대한철학회 1979 哲學硏究 Vol.27 No.-

Ortega의 기술론

정영도(鄭榮道) 대한철학회 1977 哲學硏究 Vol.24 No.-

RF Magnteron Sputtering법으로 증착한 ZnO 박막의 구조적, 광학적 특성

정영의,조창우,박성균 한국진공학회 2012 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.2012 No.2

에도시대 서민의 다비(旅)에 관한 연구

정영인(鄭英仁)(Jeong, Young-In) 일본어문학회 2011 일본어문학 Vol.54 No.-

江戸時代は色々な階層の人々が全国の街道を往来しながら旅をする時期であったが、初期には社会的なインフラが整備されない状況のために、庶民たちの私的な旅がは自由に行なわれなかった。中期に入って平和が定着され、農民や町人たちの経済力と生活水準の向上に伴って多様な庶民の文化が発達したので、これを基にして旅は次第に大衆化していった。そうではあるが封建制度下での江戸時代は原則的に庶民たちの旅が禁止されていて、特に農民と女性は厳しい統制が行なわれていた。しかし宗敎的な目的の参拜や温泉での湯治は例外に当たったので、庶民たちはこれを口実に旅をする場合が多かった。そして江戸後期になると、参拝を立前にして本音は物見遊覧と日常からの解放感を楽しむ庶民たちの旅が爆発的に増加していった。 本論文は、江戸時代の色々な旅の様子の中でも特に信仰に関する庶民たちの集団的な旅を中心にして、その歴史的な意味と社会に及ぼした影響について考えてみることを目的とする。今日我々が一般的に知っている「観光」または「旅行」としての旅が許されない時代的な状況の中で、お伊勢参りのような大規模の集団的な旅が、権力と制度から抑圧された庶民たちの自我を取り戻すための意識の発露であったということを考察しようとする。

한국 祖稅政策과 所得再分配效果의 關聯에 관한 硏究 : Focused on the Income Tax and Property Tax 所得 및 財産課稅制를 中心으로

鄭永儀 漢陽大學校 行政問題硏究所 1989 行政問題論集 Vol.9 No.-

Since the 1960s, there have been many tax reforms in Korea. However, despite strong demands for distributional justice and an equitable sharing of the tax burden, each reform has emphasized securing revenues to propel economic development. during the 1980s, public demand for welfare and redistribution of wealth has been so immense that government should consider seriously changing its tax policy. In this respect, the purpose of this dissertation is two-fold ; (1) to reveal the relationship between Korean tax policy and its redistributional effects through an examination of the historical development of the Korean tax system and analyses of the redistributional effects of the income tax and property tax ; and (2) to suggest a suitable tax reform for improving redistributional effects. Various research methods are used for this study. Extensive literature review, a comparison of tax policies among different countries, and a historical review of Korean tax policy are used to analyze tax policies. In addition, the policy disign method is utilized to suggest a desirable tax reform. For the historical review, this study covers the period from 1962 to 1985. For analyzing tax policies, however, mainly recent data and literature are used. additionally, the study is confined to a consideration of direct taxes, mainly the income tax and property tex. The corporation tax is excluded from the study. Although the total redistributional effect of public finance can be measured more accurately through consideration on both tax and expenditure policies, social welfare policies such as income transfer are excluded here because the main purpose of the study is to reveal the relationship between tax policies and their redistributional effects. The findings of the study are as follows : First, amassing tax revenue in support of economic development has been the basis of the Korean tax policy up to the present. National income has grown enormously due to successful economic growth ; however, it has been difficult to raise enough revenue to meet financial demands with a direct tax system, given the prevailing economic structure, consumption patterns, and administrative skills. Therefore, the indirect tax has become a dominant part of the tax system, The value added tax, which was introduced in 1977, is the representative case. The prominent role of the indirect tax has been justified given its convenience for raising sufficient revenues. At the same time, however, the overall tax burden has become too heavy, Furthermore, the redistributional effect of the tax system has been reduced, and tax elasticity has been weakened. Since the latter part of the 1970s, the ratio of the progressive direct tax to the total tax system has been declining, while that of the regressive indirect tax has been growing. As a result, the tax system has been ineffective as a means of income redistribution. Indeed, the overall tax burden on households could be regressive. To meet growing demands for imcome redistribution, the portion of the direct tax including the income tax within the tax system should be enlarged. At the same time, a reexamination and adjustment of the overall tax system are required to reduce the regressive effects of the indirect tax. Secondly, the biggest problem with the Korean income tax is that the relative importance of the income tax is too small to manifest its redistributional potential. The income tax accounts for about 20 percent of the internal tax. Considering that the average ratio of the OECD countries is 34.9 percent, the income tax level in Korea is so low that it cannot function as a principal tax. Besides, all types of income should be treated equally to achieve horizontal equity. However, the ideal of horizontal equity has been violated often for various policy needs and a lack of administrative skills. To improve the redistributional effects of the income tax, policy changes are required as below. ·including of interest and allowance income in the combined income tax ·restriction of tax exemption and reduction ·broadening of the income tax base ·accounting for income from underground economy ·improvement of the deduction system and the tax rate structure Finally, property-related taxes have not performed their role as taxes complementary to the income tax. While real estate prices have escalated geometrically since the 1960s as a result of rapid urbanization and economic development, taxes on real estate have increased arithmetically. The gap between price escalation and the low tax burden secures windfall profits for speculators, thus giving cause to land speculation. To cope with this structural problem in the short run, the proper assessement of real estate value is essential for all property-related taxes, such as the inheritance tax, gift tax, and the property tax. In the long run, innovative changes in the property tax are desirable. The land value tax, development gains through the periodical assessment of real estate value. The comprehensive land tax is anothher alternative. The tax applies progressive tax rates on cumulative real estate value belonging to each individual. However, without careful policy design and administrative preparation, these kinds of innovations could end up as failures.

`83 국정방향과 지방행정 `83 경제시책

정영의 대한지방행정공제회 1983 地方行政 Vol.32 No.351

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