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다검출나선형CT를 이용한 간의 삼중시기영상에서 간암의 발견에 관한 연구$^1$
정연주,이준우,이석홍,Jeong, Yeon-Ju,Lee, Jun-U,Lee, Seok-Hong 대한영상의학회 2002 대한영상의학회지 Vol.47 No.2
목적: 간암의 발견에 있어서 multi-detector row helical CT(MDCT)를 이용한 삼중시기영상의 유용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 간암이 의심되어 MDCT(LightSpeed Qx/i,GE medical stem,Milwaukee,Wis)를 촬영한 41명의 환자를 대상으로 하였으며,조직학적으로 확진된 경우와 임상소견 및 방사선학적 소견으로 간암으로 진단된 103개를 대상으로 하였다.초기 및 후기동맥기의 영상은 총150 ml의 조영제를 4 ml/sec로 주입한 후 bolus tracking method를 이용하여 한번의 호흡 중지 기간 중 얻었으며, 이후 문맥기 영상을 얻었다. 초기 및 후기 동맥기 영상은 절편두께 2.5mm,간격 1.25 mm,테이블 이동속도 15 mm/rotation으로 얻었으며, 문맥기 영상은 절편두께5 mm,간격 5 mm,테이블 이동속도 15 mm/rotation으로 얻었다. 세 영상의 분석은 두 명의방사선과의사에 의해 독립적으로 이루어 졌다.각각의 영상에서 간암의 발견율을 구하였으며, 초기동맥기 및 후기동맥기에서는 각각 종괴의 조영증강 정도를 측정하여 두 영상 간에 종괴의 현저도를 비교하였다. 결과:초기동맥기,후기동맥기,문맥기 영상에서 간암의 발견율은 판독자 1에서 81%,77%,55%,판독자 2에서 83%,81%,68%로 나타났으며, 세 영상간의 통계학적인 차이는 없었다(p>0.05).초기동맥기에서는 보였으나 후기동맥기에서는 보이지 않는 종괴는 16개, 반대로 후기동맥기에서는 보였으나, 초기동맥기에서는 보이지 않았던 종괴는 5개로 나타났다. 세 영상을 조합한 경우의 간암의 발견율은 초기 혹은 후기 하나만의 영상과 문맥기영상을 조합한 경우에 비해 의미 있게 높게 나타났다 (p<0.05).초기 및 후기동맥기에서 간암의 평균 현저도는 각각 34.5,51.5로 후기 동맥기에 높게 나타났으나, 이들 간에 통계학적인 차이는 없었다 결론: MDCT를 이용하여 초기 및 후기동맥기, 문맥기영상을 함께 얻은 삼중 시기 영상은 간암의 발견율을 증가시키는데 도움을 주리라 생각된다. Purpose: To determine whether triple-phase multi-detector-row helical CT images of the liver improves the detection rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and Methods: Forty-one patients with 103 HCCs underwent triple-phase multi-detector-row helical CT imaging of the entire liver after contrast administration. Early and late arterial phase images were obtained serially during a single breath-hold, and portal venous-phase images were then obtained. Each image set was independently assessed for the presence of HCC by two radiologists unaware of the possible presence of tumors, and for each phase the detection rate was determined. For each arterial-phase image, lesion conspicuity (attenuation of a tumor compared with that of its parenchyma) was calculated. Results: For reader 1, the detection rates for the early arterial, late arterial, and portal venous phase were 81%, 77%, and 55%, respectively, and for reader 2 were 83%, 81%, and 68%, respectively (p>0.05). When triplephase imaging findings were combined, the detection rate was significantly higher than when only those of the early or late arterial, and portal venous, phase were used (p<0.05). Mean lesion conspicuity for the late arterial phase was higher than for the early arterial phase, but the difference was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). Conclusion: Triple-phase imaging of the liver, involving the early arterial, late arterial, and portal venous phase, and using multi-detector-row helical CT, increases the detection rate of HCC.
정연주,Eun Cheng Suh,이경은 대한약리학회 2012 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.16 No.6
Brain ischemia leads to overstimulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, referred as excitotoxicity, which mediates neuronal cell death. However, less attention has been paid to changes in synaptic activity and morphology that could have an important impact on cell function and survival following ischemic insult. In this study, we investigated the effects of reperfusion after oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) not only upon neuronal cell death, but also on ultrastructural and biochemical characteristics of postsynaptic density (PSD) protein, in the stratum lucidum of the CA3 area in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. After OGD/reperfusion, neurons were found to be damaged; the organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, dendrites, and synaptic terminals were swollen; and the PSD became thicker and irregular. Ethanolic phosphotungstic acid staining showed that the density of PSD was significantly decreased, and the thickness and length of the PSD were significantly increased in the OGD/reperfusion group compared to the control. The levels of PSD proteins, including PSD-95, NMDA receptor 1, NMDA receptor 2B, and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, were significantly decreased following OGD/reperfusion. These results suggest that OGD/reperfusion induces significant modifications to PSDs in the CA3 area of organotypic hippocampal slice cultures, both morphologically and biochemically, and this may contribute to neuronal cell death and synaptic dysfunction after OGD/reperfusion.
정연주 한국헌법학회 2007 憲法學硏究 Vol.13 No.3
Constitutional Court as a emergent LawmakerYon-ju JungThis article addresses whether the Constitutional Court can exceptionally play the role as a emergent lawmaker. That is, the issues on one hand whether the Court can take a necessary provisional legislative action in the tenor of the decision in order to fill legal blank when the Court must declare a statute unconstitutional and void, and when the legislative branch cannot most likely make the alternative statute for the long period, on the other hand how such a action of the Court can be justified.It is the so called second abortion decision of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany that causes the trigger of the debate about the issues. The Court took such a necessary temporary legislative action in the tenor of the decision which will be applied until the parliament makes a statute when the Court declared the amended article of the Criminal Act unconstitutional and void. Therefore, the Court played the role as a kind of lawmaker by such a legislative action. The legislative action of the Court can be justified by the situation in which the Court must realize the balancing harmony between the rights of the fetus and the woman, and eliminate the legal blank which is inevitably caused by the decision and cannot be constitutionally admitted. Naturally, such a role or action superficially violates the principles of separation of powers, rule of law, and nulla poena sine lege. However, it substantially coincide with the spirits of the principles through the justification which is above mentioned. Therefore, it is constitutional. Such a justification can be based on the unwritten emergent competence of the Constitution.
Employment of Wheat Grain Properties in Evaluation of Fusarium Head Blight Resistance
정연주,박철수,Ji-Ung Jeung,Chung-Kon Kim,Chon-Sik Kang,서용원,박종철 한국작물학회 2010 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.13 No.4
Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum is one of the most destructive fungal diseases. Wide spread of FHB causes yield loss, quality reduction, and accumulation of poisonous mycotoxins. Twenty-three Korean wheat cultivars and a known FHB resistant cultivar ‘Sumai 3’ were tested for Type I and Type II resistance to FHB and evaluated for grain characteristics. Wheat cultivars showed infection scores of 0.6 (the lowest) to 7.8 (the highest) in response to the Fusarium inoculation for Type I evaluation. Three Korean cultivars, ‘Chungkye’ (1.8), ‘Tapdong’ (1.8), and ‘Jinpoom’ (1.6) showed relatively good FHB resistance compared to ‘Sumai 3’ (0.6) for Type I evaluation. On the other hand, Type II evaluation scores ranged between 1.4 and 3.6. The infection scores of ‘Uri’ (1.4) and ‘Jinpoom’ (1.4) were particularly low and even lower than “Sumai 3” (1.6). The relationship between grain properties and FHB severity was evaluated. Grain length was positively correlated with Type II evaluation. Spike length and total polyphenol content were negatively correlated with FHB severity of Type I evaluation. Grain properties were negatively or positively correlated with FHB severity. The obtained results indicated that some of the grain parameters could be employed in the development of wheat lines with improved FHB resistance.
Immortalization of primary marmoset skin fibroblasts by CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene targeting
정연주,조정인,곽지나,성영훈,강병철 한국통합생물학회 2022 Animal cells and systems Vol.26 No.6
Immortalized cell lines can be used for diverse in vitro experiments, providing invaluable data before conducting in vivo studies Callithrix jacchus, the common marmoset, is a non-human primate model utilized for studying various human diseases. However, only a few immortalized marmoset cell lines are currently available. In the present study, we reveal that CRISPR-Cas9- mediated targeting of the p53 gene or CDKN2A locus is an effective means for immortalizing primary marmoset skin fibroblasts. In addition to frameshift mutations that result in premature stop codons, in-frame mutations potentially destroying the DNA-binding motif of p53 are frequently detected in immortalized cells. Like Cdkn2a-deficient mouse cells, CDKN2A-deficient marmoset cells express wild-type p53 proteins normally respond to genotoxic stresses, including adriamycin and etoposide. Taken together, these findings indicate that Cas9- mediated gene targeting of the p53 gene or CDKN2A locus is an effective tool for establishing immortalized marmoset cell lines with defined genetic alterations.