顎下腺의 機能的 肥大

정소영 서울大學校 大學院 1970 국내박사

BSC와 MSC에 대한 셀 할당을 고려한 최적 이동통신망 설계에 관한 연구

정소영 전주대학교 2002 국내석사

본 논문은 셀룰러 이동통신망에서 기지국제어장치(BSC)와 이동통신교환기(MSC)의 용량을 고려한 이동통신망 설계에 관한 문제를 다루고 있으며, 기지국(BS)과 기지국제어장치(BSC), 기지국제어장치(BSC)와 이동통신교환기(MSC)간의 유선선로비용을 줄이면서 효율적 핸드오프를 지원하는 최적 셀 할당에 목적을 두고 있다. 이동통신망설계와 관련한 대부분의 연구는 기지국 구축비용과 핸드오프비용을 고려한 최적 셀 크기결정 문제와 기지국과 이동통신교환기(MSC)간 선로의 직접연결을 고려한 문제들을 다루고 있으나, 현실적으로 이동통신망 구축을 위한 제반비용을 최소화하기 위해서는 망(Network)설계 단계에서 기지국과 기지국제어장치(BSC)구간, 기지국제어장치(BSC)와 이동통신교환기(MSC)구간의 2단계 선로연결과 차별화 된 핸드오프비용을 동시에 고려한 셀 할당 문제의 연구가 필요하다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 기지국제어장치(BSC)와 이동통신교환기(MSC)의 용량을 고려하면서 2단계 선로연결비용(Cabling Cost)과 핸드오프비용을 최소화하기 위한 최적 셀 할당 문제를 정수계획법(Integer Programming)으로 정형화하기 위한 최적 셀 할당 문제를 정수계획법(Integer Programming)으로 정형화(Formulation)하고, 유전자 알고리즘을 이용하여 최적 해를 도출하였다. 또한 CPLEX를 이용하여 제안된 유전자 알고리즘의 성능평가를 실시한 결과, 제안된 유전자 알고리즘은 효과적으로 최적해를 도출하였고, 도출된 해의 분석결과 이동통신망에서 선로연결비용은 시간에 관계없이 고정적이지만 핸드오프 비용은 시간이 지날수록 증가하게 되기 때문에 핸드오프의 비용이 높아질수록 기지국제어장치(BSC)의 이용도가 높아지는 성질을 규명하였다. The problem of designing Mobile Wireless Communication Network with limited capacity of Base Switching Center(BSC) and Mobile Switching Center(MSC) is considered, and the purpose of this paper is assigning Cells to BSC and MSC for supporting an efficient handoff and reducing the cabling cost. Thus, an optimal cell assignment problem (integer programming) is suggested to minimize the second level cabling cost and handoff cost considering limited capacity of BSC and MSC, and a genetic algorithm is developed to derive the optimal solution. And, according to the analysis of the results, the property that the availability of BSC and MSC increase as the handoff costs increase is exploited.

암/정소 항원 CAGE의 세포주기 촉진에 관한 기전연구

정소영 강원대학교 2008 국내석사

A cancer/testis antigen, CAGE was shown to be widely expressed in various cancer tissues and cancer cell lines, but not in normal tissues except the testis. To examine the functional role of CAGE in cancer development, we generated stable HeLa transfectant clones in which the CAGE gene is overexpressed in the presence of tetracycline. As a result, CAGE overexpression increases the protein levels of the G1 cyclins, cyclin D1 and cyclin E. Cell synchronization experiments showed that CAGE overexpression promotes cell cycle progression. The inducing activity of CAGE for the expression of G1 cyclins was observed at the transcriptional level and even when cell growth was arrested by confluent cell growth, indicating that CAGE plays a role in up-regulating the transcription of the cyclin D1 and cylin E genes. Meanwhile, CAGE overexpression increased phosphorylation level of Rb at Ser-795, a site subjected to phosphorylation by both cdk2 and cdk4. Also, CAGE overexpression increased expression of E2F-1 and its release from Rb complex. Promoter analysis and gel mobility shift assay illustrated the functional involvement of AP-1/ E2F in CAGE-induced cyclcin D1/E expression. siRNA Knock-down of Jun D/E2F-1 abolished CAGE-mediated cyclin D1/E/A expression. These results indicate that CAGE promotes cell cycle progression by up-regulating expression of cyclcin D1 and cyclin E in E2F/AP-1-dependent manner.

분변내 스테로이드 호르몬의 측정을 통한 멸종위기 유인원류의 연중번식주기연구

정소영 한양대학교 대학원 2010 국내박사

국 문 요 지 한양대학교 대학원 생명과학과 정소영 서식지파괴와 무분별한 밀렵, 애완동물밀무역 등으로 인하여, 전 세계에서 서식하는 유인원류는 현재 멸종위기에 처해 있다. 이들의 종보전을 위하여 IUCN, 생태계 종보전을 위한 국제연합 (the International Union for Conservation of Nature)에서는 멸종위기에 처한 동물들에 대해 등급을 부여하고, 국제거래에 관한 협약 (CITES, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora)을 제정하여 이를 실행하고 있다. 이에 발맞춰 환경부는 멸종위기야생동물 종보전을 위한 서식지외보전기관으로서 서울동물원을 지정하여, 2006년부터 유인원류 종보전연구를 시작하였다. 이 연구에서 중점적으로 다루었던 생식주기 연구를 통하여, 유인원류의 유전적 다양성을 높이고 개체번식증대에 기여할 수 있을 것이라고 예상한다. 본 연구에서 다루었던 유인원류는 다음 3종인데 이들은 모두 국제멸종위기등급에서 멸종위기로 분류되어 있다; 고릴라 (Gorilla gorilla), 침팬지 (Pan troglodytes), 오랑우탄 (Pongo phygmaeus). 유인원류는 발정 징후를 뚜렷하게 노출하지 않기 때문에 생식주기를 외관상 가늠하기가 쉽지 않고, 또 연구를 위해 필요한 물리적 접근이 용이하지 않으므로, 간접적으로 유인원류의 생식주기를 측정할 수 있는 방법을 개발하고 연구하는 일은 매우 중요하다 하겠다. 간접적으로 유인원류의 생식주기를 측정하기 위한 방법으로서, 본 연구에서는 분변 내에 잔존하는 생식호르몬을 측정하는 방식을 선택하였다. 실험기간동안 실험대상의 분변을 1주일에 2~3일 간격으로 수거하여 잔존 호르몬의 양을 분석했고, 이를 바탕으로 연중 생식주기와 생식가능시기, 임신진단과 같은 생식패턴을 관찰하였다. 성호르몬대사산물의 분해를 방지하기 위하여, 분변은 수거 직후 초저온처리를 하였으며, 실험 전까지 안정된 상태로 보관하였다. 냉동건조법으로 분변에 함유된 수분을 제거하여 실험전 처리를 하였고 에테르과 PBS를 사용하여 성호르몬 대사산물을 추출하였다. 성호르몬 대사산물을 측정하기 위해 방사선물질을 사용하는 대신에 기존의 연구방법 중 분석감도가 가장 높다고 알려진 실시간형광항체분석법 (TR-FIA)을 사용하였다. 또한 소변과 혈청을 추가적으로 분석하여 이 안에 존재하는 성호르몬 대사산물의 수치를 분변 내 호르몬 수치와 비교하여 실험을 위한 보조자료로 참고하였다. 이 실험에서의 주요 측정대상은 스테로이드호르몬인 에스트라디올과 프로게스테론, 테스토스테론이었으며, 임신진단의 목적으로 인간융모성성선자극호르몬을 추가로 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 중점적으로 다룬 부분은 크게 세 가지인데, 첫째로 포유기간 동안 유인원류의 발정이 억제되는 현상, 둘째로 호르몬 분석을 통한 임신 여부 진단, 마지막으로 불임상태인 유인원류 개체의 번식연구이다. 침팬지와 오랑우탄은 포유기동안에 번식호르몬의 분비가 억제되기 때문에 장기간의 무월경 기간을 가지는 동물이다. 호르몬분석결과 분만 후 포유에 실패한 침팬지는 무월경기간은 75일로 단축되었고 이 시기 에스트라디올과 프로게스테론 최고농도상승이 관찰되었다. 새끼에게 계속 포유를 했던 오랑우탄은 새끼와 떨어지기 전까지 발정이 관찰되지 않았다. 이번 연구를 통하여 오랑우탄의 경우 포유기간에 에스트라디올 평균농도는 1.4ng/g, 프로게스테론 평균농도는 182.44ng/g으로 성호르몬 분비가 억제되어 발정이 지연된다는 것을 확인하였다. 침팬지와 오랑우탄의 임신진단을 위한 연구에 호르몬 분석방법을 적용하였다. 임신한 침팬지의 분변내 프로게스테론 유지농도는 임신 6개월에서 7개월까지 배란시 프로게스테론 최고농도인 621±211ng/g를 유지하였다. 마지막 8개월령 때 프로게스테론은 전월 대비하여 4~5배인 2,752± 518ng/g 으로 상승하였으며, 에스트라디올의 농도 역시 비슷한 양상을 보이며 상승하였다. 분만 전까지 이들 호르몬의 분비는 여전히 높은 수준으로 유지되었다. 임신한 오랑우탄의 경우, 혈청 내 프로게스테론농도는 비임신개체보다 30배 이상 상승하였으나, 인간융모성 임신진단호르몬은 종에 따라 차이를 보였다. 분변내 성호르몬 대사산물의 연구를 통해서, 오랜 기간 동안 불임상태였던 침팬지와 오랑우탄 암컷 개체, 그리고 고릴라에 대한 번식능력을 진단하고 이를 바탕으로 불임 문제에 대한 해결책을 마련할 수 있었다. 번식행동과 월경이 장기간 관찰되지 않은 암컷 침팬지의 성호르몬 그래프를 분석한 결과, 월경주기가 관찰되지 않고 성호르몬 분비가 억제되어 폐경 또는 산과질환이 있을 가능성이 추정되었다. 사후 부검결과 예측했던 소견을 증명해 주는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 오랑우탄의 경우에도 침팬지처럼 장기간동안 번식행동이 관찰되지 않았다. 그러나 호르몬 분석결과, 에스트라디올 최고농도는 6.10± 3.51ng/g, 프로게스테론 최고농도는 1,137±673.84ng/g로 상승하였고, 월경주기는 20.14±5.72일을 보였다. 호르몬분석결과에 의하여 오랑우탄은 번식능력을 가지고 있는 것으로 판명되어 수컷과의 합사 프로그램을 진행하였다. 따라서 유인원류의 번식능력은 연령에 절대적으로 영향을 받기 보다는, 개체별 번식능력의 차이, 산과질환의 유무, 배우자와 합사한 조건에서 나타나는 성적행동의 차이 같은 여러 가지 요인이 복합적으로 작용한다는 것을 알 수가 있다. 분변내 성호르몬 분석을 통해 장기간 번식이 없었던 한 쌍의 고릴라를 관찰한 결과, 35세 이상으로 추정되는 노령의 암컷 고릴라는 불규칙한 월경주기를 보였다. 또한 2009년의 에스트라디올과 프로게스테론 최고 농도는 전년보다 각각 14.18±3.78ng/g과 1,602.04±412.34ng/g으로 더 상승하였으며, 월경주기 형태도 계속 유지되었다. 37세 이상으로 추정되는 수컷고릴라의 분변내 테스토스테론농도는 암컷에 비하여 비슷하거나 낮은 농도를 유지하였다. 고릴라의 생식주기는 서열위치에 크게 영향을 받기 때문에 이들의 성공적인 번식을 위해서는 서열과 개체 변이에 따른 생식주기연구가 필요하다. 연구 결과를 기반으로 종합적으로 판단했을 때, 생식주기는 일반적으로 종특이적 패턴을 보이지만 개체의 특이적인 조건이 번식주기에 큰 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본연구를 통하여 유인원류 생식주기에 대한 연구에 지침이 될 만할 근거를 확보했고, 각 개체의 생식능력 진단에 이를 적용한 결과, 2009년에 침팬지와 오랑우탄에서 성공적으로 새로운 새끼를 얻을 수 있었다. 분변내 성호르몬 대사산물 측정을 통한 연구방법이 유인원류의 생식주기 연구에 효과적임을 제시하였다. 유인원류는 유전학적으로나 생리학적으로 인간과 많은 특성을 공유하기 때문에, 이들에 대한 번식주기 연구자료는 이들의 종보전연구 뿐만 아니라 더 나아가서 인간의 폐경과 산과질환을 연구하는데도 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구는 앞으로 멸종위기에 놓인 유인원류의 종보전에 중요한 역할을 할 것이다. Abstract The annual reproductive cycle of endangered primates by monitoring the steroid hormone measurements in fecal samples So Young Jung Hanyang University College of Natural Sciences Department of Life Science Numerous number of wildlife primates have been exposed to the risk of extinction by such imprudent human activities as poaching, and trafficking etc. In the effort of wildlife conservation, IUCN (the International Union for Conservation of Nature) has established 'the Red list' to classify the threatened species in terms of the risk of extinction, has regulated the international agreements : CITES ( Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora). To correspond to such efforts, Korean government, Department of Environment has designated Seoul Grand Park Zoo (SGPZ) as 'The Center for Wild life Conservation', and initiated 'the Research Project for the Conservation of Endangered Primates' since 2006. The 3 primates; Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla), Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), Orangutan (Pongo phygmaeus) classified as 'Endangered' by 'the IUCN red list' were chosen for one of the urgent conservation strategies of the government project. Generally, these primates do not display the signs of estrus cycle explicitly, and are not readily accessible to make physical examination, and blood collection. Therefore, it is reasonable to develop the indirect and non-invasive method of measuring steroid hormones in fecal sample during the reproductive cycles To monitor the reproductive patterns of these primates including annual reproductive cycle, breeding season, and pregnancy diagnosis, the fecal samples from the species were collected at every 2~3 days during the observation period. In order to prevent from the decomposition of metabolites of reproductive hormones (MRH), the samples were stored in deep-freezer immediately after the collection, and preserved in the same stable conditions until use. The fecal samples were lysophilized, and treated with ether and phosphate -buffered saline (PBS) to extract the derivatives of reproductive hormones. Instead of using radioactive isotopes, Time-Resolved Fluorescence Immuno Assay (TR-FIA) was used. This method was so far known as the most sensitive analytic method to trace MRH. In addition, the level of MRH that exist in serum as well as in urine, and compared the results with that from feces to provide the validity of the experimental results. The metabolites of estradiol, progesterone, testosterone were analyzed to monitor estrus cycle and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) was additionally measured for pregnancy test. The three features of primates endocrinology were focused; the repression of estrus during lactation period, pregnancy test by endocrinal analysis, and reproductive research on infertile primates. Chimpanzees and orangutans have long-term interbirth intervals (amenorrhea) during lactation period in which the secretion of reproductive hormones is repressed. In this experiment, when chimpanzee failed for lactation, the period of amenorrhea was reduced to 75 days, the peak concentration of estradiol and progesterone were occurred at this time. The estrus cycle of the orangutan during lactation period was inactivated until separated from the cub. The mean concentration of estradiol was 1.4ng/g, the concentration of progesterone was 182.44ng/g in lactation period. This led to the conclusion that lactation period could serve as the determinant to explain the delay and the reactivation of estrus cycle in chimpanzees and orangutans. The analytic data of reproductive hormones was used to test pregnancy in chimpanzees and orangutans. The concentration of progesterone in feces of pregnant chimpanzees recorded 621±211ng/g, the highest level of luteal phase during the 6th~7th month of pregnancy. At the 8th month, a month later, 4~5fold increase of was not only progesterone level but also estradiol level. The mean concentration of progesterone was 2,752±518ng/g at the 8th month. They remained at the same level until delivery. The concentration of progesterone in the serum of pregnant orangutan was 30fold higher than that in non-pregnant orangutan. However, the concentration of HCG in pregnant period was different by species. The fecal analysis of reproductive hormones in primates provided the solution for the infertility in primates. To diagnosis the female chimpanzee in which mating behavior and menstruation were not observed for a long term, the annual fluctuation of reproductive hormones were conducted. Because the estrus cycle was not observed and the reproductive hormones were restricted on experiment result, the female chimpanzee was possibly suffering from menopause or obstetrical disease. The result from autopsy corresponded with the hypothesis. Although the female orangutan showed no mating behavior, the peak concentration of estradiol was 6.10±3.51ng/g, the peak concentration of progesterone was 1,137±673.84ng/g, the estrus cycle was 20.14± 5.72days. The experiment result suggested that she has estrus cycle which implies that she is still capable of reproduction. Therefore, age is not the sole factor in determining the reproduction capability in primates; it is rather greatly influenced by the combination of various factors such as individual's fertilizing ability, presence of obstetrical diseases, the pattern of mating behavior, and the mental communication under the introduction of a mating partner. In addition, the pattern of reproductive hormones in the couple of geriatric gorillas were measured by fecal analysis. Although the female was 35 (or upper) years old, she still showed irregular menstrual period . Both the concentration of estradiol and progesterone measured in 2009 were 14.18±3.78ng/g and 1,602.04±412.34ng/g. The results in 2009 were higher than previous year, and the menstruation cycle was continuously observed in 2010. In contrast in the 37 (or upper) year-old male, the concentration of testosterone was the same or lower than that in the female. Since the success in gorilla's reproduction is determined by social hierarchy, it is essential to consider the interactions in captive group and individual's physical conditions for successful breeding. In conclusion, the result from the fecal analysis suggested that the pattern of reproductive cycle is basically species-specific but it may be greatly influenced by the individual's physical conditions. This project provided the foundation for the further research on primates reproduction. As a results, The new chimpanzee and orangutan cubs could have been gained in 2009, successfully. This suggests that the fecal analysis of MRH is such a powerful tool to research reproductive physiology in primates. Furthermore, primates share number of common genetical and physiological characteristics with human being. The research project in primates is not limited only to protecting the species, and can be extended also for shedding new light on understanding human menopause and obstetrical diseases. This research will play an important role in operating conservation project for endangered primates.

An Analysis of Korean College Students’ Language Anxiety, WTC and Attitude in an English Clinic

정소영 충북대학교 2017 국내박사

The goal of this study was to investigate Korean college students’ language anxiety, WTC and attitude while they were in the sessions with native instructors and international peers in an English clinic run by a university. To accomplish the goal, the following research questions were selected for this study; 1) How do Korean college students’ language anxiety toward native instructors and international peers differ in an English clinic? (a) What is the level of their anxiety when they meet native instructors and international peers in an English clinic. (b) Are there any differences in Korean college students’ language anxiety levels in terms of their English proficiency? 2) How do Korean college students’ WTC toward native instructors and international peers differ in an English clinic? (a) What is the level of their willingness to communicate when they meet native instructors and international peers in an English clinic? (b) Do they differ in terms of their English proficiency? 3) How do Korean college students’ attitude toward native instructors and international peers differ in an English clinic? (a) How positive are their attitudes when they meet native instructors and international peers in an English clinic? (b) Are there any differences in terms of their English proficiency? To explore the research questions, survey, in-depth interview and video-recorded data were collected. The participants were 78 Korean college students and among them six participants volunteered for the in-depth interview. Collected quantitative data was analyzed utilizing independent sample t-tests and Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA). Qualitative data, such as in-depth interview and video-recorded data, were analyzed adopting McCracken’s (1988) five step analytic process. The results revealed that Korean college students participating in the English clinic did not show language anxiety, WTC and attitude differences toward native instructors and international peers. Their language anxiety, WTC and attitude were not different either towards native instructors and international peers by the participants’ English proficiency levels. However, there was a negative relation between the participants’ language anxiety and their English proficiency and self-perceived English proficiency. Also, there was a positive relation between the participants’ WTC and self-perceived reading, writing and grammar proficiency, and also between the participants’ attitude and self-perceived speaking, listening, reading, writing, grammar and vocabulary proficiency. The qualitative data supported the results of quantitative data analysis showing that their language anxiety was based on the individual differences not the differences toward native instructors or international peers. However, in-depth interview participants expressed somewhat higher level of WTC toward international peers than native instructors. Moreover they expressed they could discuss more about culture with international peers than with native instructors. Those in-depth interview participants were revealed to find more common topics with international peers. The results of this study implies that understanding college students’ language anxiety, WTC and attitude should be preceded to operate a successful English clinic program. This study results could be used as fine resources for running relevant English clinic or English-only zone programs.

여성의 레저활동과 레저제약 : 미혼·기혼 간 비교

정소영 漢陽大學校 大學院 2003 국내석사

본 연구는 여성의 레저활동이 그들의 삶의 특성을 고려한 여성내의 차이에 따라 다르다는 관점에 초점을 두고 결혼을 통한 미혼․기혼여성의 참여레저활동과 희망레저활동, 이들이 인지하는 레저제약의 차이를 비교 분석함으로서 여성의 레저참여를 활성화시키기 위한 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 연구를 위하여 여성의 레저개념과 레저활동, 레저제약에 관한 이론과 문헌을 고찰하였으며 이를 통하여 10개의 레저활동의 유형, 23가지의 레저제약요인을 추출하여 미혼․기혼여성의 레저활동과 레저제약에 유의한 차이가 있는지를 검증하고자 하였다. 이러한 연구가설을 검증하기 위하여 전국의 여성을 대상으로 인터넷 조사방법을 실시하여 504부를 최종분석 자료로 사용하였다. 주요 분석방법은 빈도와 백분율, 평균 표준편차와 같은 기초적 기술통계와 두 집단 간의 차이를 검증하는 T-검증이 사용되었다. 가설검증 결과 본 연구의 주요결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 미혼여성과 기혼여성의 레저활동은 유의한 차이를 나타냈으며 참여하는 레저활동의 경우 미혼여성은 기혼여성보다 관람․감상, 오락, 학습․문화, 개인, 사교활동에 더 많이 참여하고 있었으며 기혼여성은 미혼여성보다 가족과의 활동에 더 많이 참여하고 있었다. 희망하는 레저활동의 경우 미혼여성은 오락, 사교 활동에 기혼여성은 봉사, 가족과의 활동을 희망하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 미혼여성과 기혼여성이 인지하는 레저제약요인은 유의한 차이를 나타냈는데 미혼여성은 신체적, 심리적으로 관련된 내적 제약, 기혼여성은 가족과 관련된 대인적 제약, 시간과 비용과 관련한 구조적 제약을 더 많이 인지하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 실증적 분석 결과를 바탕으로 레저활동에 소극적인 기혼여성을 위한 가정 내외의 레저시설과 공간의 확보와 관련한 제도적 지원과 이를 통한 레저참여 교육의 필요성, 미혼․기혼여성이 인지하는 레저제약을 감소시키기 위한 방안으로 여성레저의 중요성에 대한 인식고조와 레저비용문제를 해결할 수 있는 무료나 저렴한 사회적 시설과 복지적 차원의 시설이 마련되어야 함을 강조하였다. 미혼․기혼여성 간의 차이를 통한 구체적인 마케팅 시장세분화 전략으로 미혼여성과 기혼여성의 연령, 학력, 직업의 세분화된 집단별로 레저시장에서의 적절한 대응과 레저프로그램이나 서비스의 제공을 제시하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 미혼여성과 기혼여성의 레저활동과 레저제약요인의 차이에 대한 정보를 제공해 줌으로서 개인적으로는 합리적인 레저활동을 위한 유용한 정보를 제공하여 레저활동을 통한 삶의 만족을 증진시켜줄 것이다. 또한 이러한 차이점은 적합한 레저상품과 서비스, 프로그램을 개발하는 레저관련 마케팅전략을 수립하는데 유용한 정보가 될 것이며 레저관련 정책가들과 실무자들에게 있어서는 관리전략을 개발하고 수행하는데 도움을 줌으로서 여성의 레저활동 활성화에 기여할 것으로 기대된다. The Purpose of this study was to analyze the differences of participation and expectation in leisure activity and Leisure Constraints factors according to Marriage state. The results have implication in developing leisure program and presenting strategies to encourage more active leisure participation of Unmarried and married woman. To achieve the purpose of this study, views on leisure, meaning of leisure for Woman, the concepts of leisure activity, and the leisure constraints were reviewed by use of preceding literature. Through this process, 10 types of leisure activities and 23 types of leisure constraints were selected and composed 2 hypothesis of this study. Data was collected during Spring of 2003 through a Internet research Methods in South Korea. The participants in this study were 504 women. An analysis was conducted using the SPSS for Windows. Descriptive statistics including reliability was obtained. In order to examine the difference of Unmarried and Married-woman in leisure activity and leisure constraints, T-test was used. Major findings were as follows; First, leisure activity was significantly different according to Unmarried and married-woman. The case of participation in leisure activity, Unmarried woman participated diversely, but married woman only participated activity with family than Unmarried-woman. The case of expectation in leisure activity, Unmarried-woman hoped to participate entertainment and social activity, married-woman hoped to participate service activity and family-related activity. Second, leisure constraints factors was significantly different according to Unmarried and married-woman. Mostly Unmarried-woman perceived intrapersonal constraints related to physical or psychology, but married-woman perceived interpersonal, structural constraints related to family, time, cost. This results could be contributory for providing available leisure information personally. Also, differences between Unmarried and married-woman would be an important guides for development of leisure products, service, program and establishment of marketing strategy.

정상아동과 자폐아동 어머니의 양육스트레스와 가족기능 비교

정소영 경희대학교 대학원 2005 국내석사

학교 부적응 청소년의 자기 효능감 향상을 위한 타로 집단상담 프로그램 개발 및 타당성 검증

정소영 울산대학교 교육대학원 2024 국내석사

아동학대와 아동보호서비스에 대한 부모의 인식

정소영 경성대학교 사회복지대학원 2003 국내석사

The purpose of this study is to show the coping methods and preventive measures for the child abuse by looking over the degree of cognition on the concept of child abuse and child protection service of the ordinary parents, as the child abuse is steadily increasing and most of the cases are caused by their own parents. Child abuse by parents can cause undergo various influences to children both physically and emotionally and have negative effect on personality and social development of children. This study was carried to the 290 parents who have kindergateners and preschoolers. The findings of the analysis are as follows; First, most of the respondent parents perceived the cognition of 'Child Abuse'. 80.4% of the respondent perceived the physical abuse, 79.4% of the respondents cognized the emotional abuse, and 60.9% of the respondents recognised the 'let-alone' abuse. Second, there is a meaningful difference in the research of the cognition difference of the parents according to population-sociology variable. There is a meaningful result in the sex and the income level of the parents. Third, 273 respondents (94.1%) recognised the necessity of the return system but are passive in the coping with. 121 respondents(42.2%) answered that they can not report because they are not sure what is child abuse. It shows that there doesn't exist any index of the child abuse. So the index of the child abuse should be provided to cope with it. Thus most of the parents high perception about child abuse but, they took a passive about disposal method. Fourth, respondents were affirmative in the 'social intervention', 'isolation protection from the abusive parents'(84.5%), 'treatment order for the abusive parents'(89.2%), 'restriction of the abusive parents'(64.2%) but they are thoughtless in the information of the professional child protection institution. Most of the parents answered that they need seminars or a program for child abuse. This indicates that common effort is necessary to resolve the problem of child abuse. We need to let child abuse and child protective service about problem known among the public and to educate them. In conclusion, precaution education of the child abuse for the whole nation is needed to prevent the child abuse and the development of the index of the child abuse is asked. The various and systematical services for the abusive parents and the abused child should be provided and the publicity work of the institutions for the abused child is also needed. Especially it has need of a related organization's publicity and activation.

國內 銀行의 M&A에 관한 實證的 硏究 : DEA分析技法에 의한 效率性 分析

鄭邵影 慶熙大學校 大學院 2000 국내석사

Recently, there has been increasing interest in managerial efficiency analysis in the banking sector because of pressures for the internationalization and the globalization of Korea's financial markets. Then domestic banks enhance their competitiveness and managerial efficiency through new techniques and mergers in interbanks etc. It would be a first step to diagnose the domestic bank's efficiency andinefficiency in making a policy of improving its managerial efficiency. The main purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the relative efficiency of banks using Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) and find out how to remove the inefficient factors in many aspects of bank management in Korea. In the DEA analysis, the number of employees, fixed assets for an operation, and capital are used as input variables, and fund supply, fund operation and profits are used as output variables. The results of this paper are as follows : First, the DEA results show that Boram Bank has been an efficient bank for five years, Hana Bank has been an efficient bank for four, and Shinhan and Pusan Banks have been an efficient banks for three years. In 1997, there were five efficient banks, which are : Boram, Hana, Shinhan, Pusan, Daegu Banks. Second, the efficient banks influence inefficient banks to reach efficiency frontier. The efficient banks are as a peer group. Shinhan Bank appears twice in the peer group and Hana Bank eight, Boram Bank fifteen, Daegu Bank four, and Pusan Bank nine times. Finally, we have divided 25 domestic banks into two groups, which are city and local banks. City banks have 15 decision making units and local banks have 10 decision making units. We have analyzed how the grouping changes the efficiency results. Comparing the results of two group, however, there is a little difference in efficiency ratio of city banks(0.3∼9.71%), but the distingiushed feature is that Kookmin Bank and Hanil Bank change a position from inefficient to an efficient bank. There is a large difference in efficiency ratio of local banks (20.14%∼40.05%) and the distingiushed feature is that the efficiency ratio of Kwangju Bank rises from 54.58% up to 96.63%.