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정병헌 淑明女子大學校 亞細亞女性問題硏究所 1996 아시아여성연구 Vol.35 No.-
In this study, I want to find the aspect of a woman's self-realization which doesn't reveal itself in reality from a view of man-woman's join (a marrage). To be cocrete, I ascertain the aspect of a woman's self-realization which doesn't reveal but may well reveal or cannot but do someday by means of the pattern of a woman's choice of a spouse. The stories on a woman's choice of a spouse are patterned and the basis of the pattern is a subject and an object. A woman's choice of a spouse is based on the woman's consciousness but in some cases, on around characers who speak for the woman. The aim is classified into two; one is for the purpose of a man's achievement and the other for the purpose of a woman herself. This is an important sisposition through which we can catch hoke of what the class that enjoy a narrative feel like and can be the basis of the pattern setting up. In Taekbudam(a story on the choice of a spouse), a subject is a woman who is the contracting person in a marrage or aound characters like the woman's parents. The conventional image of a woman is known as a passive attitude in a marrage. But in this story, the cases of a woman's choice of a spouse are relatively more than a man's. A man's choice of a spouse is generally attained not by a will but by a cost which makes him pay for in war or public society. Strictly speaking, this isn't $quot;a choice$quot; because his will doesn't lead to his choice. The cases of a woman's choice is more than her parents choice'. In most Taekbudam, s woman takes part in her marrage actively and tries to accomplish her will speaking her mind to parents. Sometimes parents decide the choice of daughter's spouse but this decision is proved wrong and the result is focused on a woman's choice. The purpose of a woman's choice of her husband is classified into two; one is for her achivement and the other is for helping her husband' achivement. In the first case, the problem is what a woman achieves in tradition. The role of a woman is restricted in home, so a woman's self-realization is very limited. In second case, because a woman's achievemant coincides with husband is achievement, it isn't simple to see the difference. Only, in the second case, a woman's self-sacrifice and husband's rising in the world is stressed. From a view of a subject and an object of choice, Taekbudam is classified into the following four. ① a woman's choice for the purpose of her achievemant ② a woman's choice for the purpose of helping husban's achievement ③ around character's choice for the purpose of her achievement ④ around character's choice for the purpose of helping a woman's husband achievement. $lt;a charcoal burner's Luck$gt; is applicable to the first case. This narrative has a representative for the first case because there isn't a woman's sacrifice for her busband and a fixed idea on man-woman's part division. The characters in this narrative are rich or fortunate and it seems to make the relative sense of inferiority cleared. $lt;Ondal Narrative$gt; is applicable to the second case. In this narrative, though the princess is superior in public society, she refuses a general marrage and sticks to the marrage which she chooses. The princess, sacrifice makes her man succeed unexpectedly and it is based on a woman's feeling which appriciates a person's real worth. $lt;the Story of the Prime Minister Who Marries His Widowed Daughter Off) is applicable to the third case. In this narrative, father feels sorry for daughter who is widowed when young and remarries her off in disregard of a social code. But this decision which runs counter to a social code makes his daughter and her new husband unhappy. The idea that a lige worthy of man is prior to a social code and the critical attitude against the social code is showed in this narrative. $lt;the Story of a Concubine Who Helps Chung Mu-gong$gt; is applicable to the fourth case. In this narrative, a woman anticipates an adverse situation into which Chung Mu-gong falls and devices the way to tide over the difficult situation. The idea that a woman's choice makes Chung Mu-gong as an historical figure and his contributions possible is showed. In this narratives, a husband has a flexibility to accept his woman's advice honestly. He enters upon a new life which is quite different from the past accepting his woman's advice. Moreover we need to take a serious view of the breaking from marrage collectivism in these narratives. A man and an woman don't regard a marrage as a union that one family makes a connetion with the other. A very private approach to a marrage makes the history and flourishing of prosperity of a marrage neglected. That there isn't any problem about the care and feeding of children reveals such an idea on a marrage. They intend to give up the social meaning of a marrage in order to make up for their private achievement injured by family succession or bringing up of children. And a husband has belief and innocence commonly. He doesn't have the consciouseness of superiority as a man and never criticizes his spouse's decision making an excuse on around eyes. Silently he listens to his wife. He takes an optimistic attitude on everything a woman plays a leading part in. Through the above, I can ascertain that the greatest goal of the class that enjoy a narrative is setting up a social without a sex-conflict. A sex-conflict leads to the renunciation of humanity by distinguishing themselves and the following problems need much effort. In this respect, a sex-conflict is the waste of energy. And the point is that a woman's self-achivement which also means the recovery of humanity is never achieved by any conflict.
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정병헌 한국어문교육연구회 2012 어문연구(語文硏究) Vol.40 No.2
Education of language culture needs to be established upon cultural basis. It is indispensable to highlight the fact that language culture is originally based on humanities. This research seeks to observe the range of humanities through the scholastic characteristics of Huh-Saeng in “Huh-Saeng” of Park Ji-won, and the life and activities of Chung Yak- yong. Finally, this paper tries to capture the spirit and the era that contain the sphere of humanities by analyzing the activities of King Sejong. Huh-Saeng, who immerses himself in books, can be seen as a humanities scholar of the time. He investigates the logic of the universe through books, which include past experiences and culture. The purpose of his reading was to explore social phenomena through books and to experiment them in real life. On the one hand, he could be interpreted as the evil merchant that pursues personal profits by taking advantage of economic loopholes in Chosun society. However, his gains were made so that he could examine whether social changes could be made possible by money. Also, it is reminded in the story that such solution can never become perfect. Social transformation is not something that a certain group can achieve through making efforts. Chung Yak-Yong, who arrived in the place of exile, benefited from freedom to read as much as he pleased. He used this precious opportunity to not only read books, but also to evaluate the reality objectively. His elder brother, Chung Yak-jeon, did not benefit from abundant reading, but instead learned from fish life in the ocean. Humanities do not ask for the reality to approach them, but instead they reach the reality. King Sejong sympathized with the pain of the people who could not communicate their ideas properly. Thus he ventured to create Han-gul (Korean written language) against resistance from the noble class, so that he could communicate with the people. He was capable of having such creativity and motivation, perhaps because he did not wish to be content with existing benefits. However, his 'people' did not include women, the common people, and the lowest class. This is the reason that “Hong- gil-dong-jeon,” which intended to alleviate inequalities chose the era of King Sejong as its historical background. Through extension of humanities spirit, we can review some issues of today's education of language culture. Education of Chinese characters, and education of Korean literature for foreigners can be included in such issues. The education of Chinese characters derives from past issues, and the education of Korean literature for foreigners is an issue of the future. The education of Chinese characters is necessary; it can not only enhance vocabulary capacity of the Korean language, but can also provide op- portunities to make use of Chinese characters to give names to pouring new products of civilization. 이 논문은 朴趾源의 「許生」에서 형상화된 허생의 인문학자적인 모습과 丁若鏞의 삶과 활동을 통하여 인문학 영역의 범위를 살피고, 이를 종합하는 정신을 世宗의 활동 속에서 찾고자 하였다. 책만 읽고 있는 허생은 책을 통하여 현상을 窮究하고, 이를 직접 시험해보고자 하였다. 정약용은 유배지에 도착하여 책만을 읽은 것이 아니라, 현실을 바로 볼 수 있는 소중한 기회를 맞이하였다. 그의 형인 丁若銓은 독서의 혜택을 누릴 수 없었지만, 바다에 사는 魚族의 生態를 책으로 삼았다. 세종은 자신의 의사를 전달하지 못해 힘들어하는 백성들을 위해 거센 반발을 물리치며 문자의 創製를 감행하였다. 그런 세종이었지만, 세종의 백성 속에 女性이나 常民, 賤民은 포함되지 않았다. 인문정신의 확장된 사고를 통하여 우리는 이 시대의 어문교육이 해야 할 몇 가지 문제를 검토할 수 있다. 여기에 포함할 수 있는 문제로 漢字敎育은 과거의 문제를 계승한 것이고, 외국인을 위한 한국어문학 교육은 이 시대에 擡頭된 문제라고 할 수 있다.
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정병헌 釜山大學校 韓國民族文化硏究所 2001 한국민족문화 Vol.18 No.-
Since 1950, it has maintained the same ruling system in North Korea. Because of this continuity, its literature has not changed. After Ilsung Kim died and his successor, Chungil Kim has kept up the last policy. but surroundings of North Korea have changed, so their policy must be revised. The loyalty to Chungil Kim and the embodiment of their future are appeared frequently in the 1990's literature. Especially the have tried to express the national orthodoxy of North Korea. I think the reason is to hold the predominant position to South Korea. This literary tendency is seemed to maintain until the unification of Korea.
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