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Fermi-Level Pinning at the Poly-Si/HfO2 Interface
정난주 한국물리학회 2009 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.55 No.6
The high threshold voltage in metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) devices adopting hafnia for the gate oxide material is a serious concern for alternative high-Κ gate oxides. The Fermi-level pinning at the highly-doped poly-Si/metal oxide interface has been reported as a cause because the interfacial metal-Si bonds can induce pinning of the Fermi level. In this work, the electronic structure and the chemical bonding states at the interface of n+ type and p+ type poly- Si/HfO2 were measured by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) in order to find the reason for the high threshold voltage. The obtained Hf 4f core-level spectrum shows no Hf-Si state at the interface. Therefore, metallic Hf-Si bond formation at the interface may not be the reason for the high threshold voltage. The high threshold voltage in metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) devices adopting hafnia for the gate oxide material is a serious concern for alternative high-Κ gate oxides. The Fermi-level pinning at the highly-doped poly-Si/metal oxide interface has been reported as a cause because the interfacial metal-Si bonds can induce pinning of the Fermi level. In this work, the electronic structure and the chemical bonding states at the interface of n+ type and p+ type poly- Si/HfO2 were measured by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) in order to find the reason for the high threshold voltage. The obtained Hf 4f core-level spectrum shows no Hf-Si state at the interface. Therefore, metallic Hf-Si bond formation at the interface may not be the reason for the high threshold voltage.
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2SFCA를 활용한 노인과 소아청소년에 대한 병원 접근성 분석: 강원도 춘천시를 사례로
정난주,강전영 한국국토정보공사 2024 지적과 국토정보 Vol.54 No.1
South Korea faces a declining population and rural areas vanishing due to urbanization. Infrastructure, especially medical facilities, may not be sustainable for a long-term. This may impact vulnerable groups like children, teens, and the elderly, worsened by an aging population and low birth rates. Gangwon-do, notably Chuncheon-si, suffers from rural depopulation and poor healthcare self-sufficiency. In this paper, using 2SFCA(Two-Step Floating Catchment Area), we analyze healthcare access in Chuncheon-si, identifying gaps and vulnerable areas. LISA analysis helps map medical vulnerability, considering patient demand and supply. The Gini coefficient assesses spatial inequality. We propose distributing healthcare services and personnel based on age and region. The aim is to identify locations for additional hospitals catering to the elders, Infants, Children, and Adolescents,considering spatial accessibility.
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정난주,Jae-Kwan Cheong 한국물리학회 2012 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.60 No.6
The chemical states of a graphene layer after N2 plasma treatment were investigated by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The graphene layer were deposited on a Cu film by using the chemical vapor deposition method. The graphene surface was exposed to a N2 plasma in vacuum chamber at room temperature. By controlling the time of N2 plasma treatment, we could identify the C-N bonding state in the C 1s spectra and the quaternary N state in the N 1s spectra. The valence band edge was shifted to higher binding energy by the N2 plasma treatment. These imply that the nitrogen atom is chemisorbed in the graphene layer, replacing the carbon atom, by N2 plasma treatment and that the Fermi level of the graphene layer is shifted up due to the electron supply from the N atom. The decrease in the intensity ratio D/G in Raman spectroscopy also supports that the N atom is chemisorbed in the graphene layer.
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발생 핫스팟 탐색을 통한 백신 접종소에 대한 공간적 접근성의 탐색 및 예측
정난주,정희지,최정호,강전영 한국지도학회 2025 한국지도학회지 Vol.25 No.1
2019년 발생한 코로나 팬데믹은 백신의 지역별 불평등 분배를 야기하며 백신의 수급은 사회・정치적 문제로 확장되어 왔다. 의료 자원에 대한 공급과 수요를 예측하고 조정하는 것은 향후 발생할 수 있는 팬데믹 위기 해결의 실마리가 된다. 본 연구는 백신이라는 한정된 의료 자원의 공간적 형평성을 달성하는 것을 목적으로, 머신러닝을 통해 미래 서울시 인구 및 공간적 백신 접근성을 예측하였다. 공간분석 분야에서 공간접근성을 측정하는 데에 통용적으로 활용되는 2SFCA(Two-Step Floating Catchment Area Method) 방법론으로 백신의 공급처인 병원의 접근성을 파악하였다. 2017년 부터 2023년까지의 백신 접근성 및 백신 취약지를 도출한 뒤, 발생 핫스팟(Emerging Hot Spot) 탐색으로 과거부터 미래까지의 분포 변화를 분석하였다. 대한민국 의료 거점지인 서울시 백신 접근성의 측정 결과, 향후 백신 접근성은 전역적으로 감소할 것으로 보이며 특히 북부지역 비롯한 외곽지역이 접근성 취약지역으로 판단되었다. 본 연구는 서울의 시공간적인 백신 공급을 예측 및 분석하여 향후 발생할 수 있을 팬데믹 상황에 대비한 백신 취약지를 보완할 수 있는 지표를 완성하였다. 연구 결과는 백신 취약지역을 효과적으로 탐색할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 미래 효과적인 백신 분배 정책에 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이라 기대한다. The COVID-19 pandemic in 2019 led to regional disparities in vaccine distribution, transforming vaccine supply into a socio-political issue. Predicting and adjusting the supply and demand of medical resources is crucial for addressing potential future pandemic crises. This study aims to achieve spatial equity in the distribution of limited medical resources, specifically vaccines, by forecasting future population distribution and spatial vaccine accessibility in Seoul using machine learning. The Two-Step Floating Catchment Area (2SFCA) method, a widely used approach in spatial analysis for measuring accessibility, was employed to assess hospital accessibility as vaccine supply points. After deriving vaccine accessibility levels and vaccine-vulnerable areas from 2017 to 2023, an emerging hotspot analysis was conducted to examine changes in distribution from past to future. The results indicate that overall vaccine accessibility in Seoul is expected to decline, with northern and peripheral areas being particularly vulnerable. By predicting and analyzing the spatiotemporal distribution of vaccine supply in Seoul, this study provides a framework for identifying and addressing vaccine-vulnerable areas in preparation for future pandemics. The findings are expected to serve as a valuable reference for the effective identification of vaccine-vulnerable regions and the development of future vaccine distribution policies.
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ScienceON
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