Genetic Agency, Nonhuman Agency, and Climate Change in Ian McEwan’s Solar

정나리 문학과환경학회 2023 문학과 환경 Vol.22 No.3

To effectively address climate change, Ian McEwan's Solar highlights the necessity of expanding our limited understanding of agency. The novel delves into how material realities, such as marketed food, fossil fuels, and genetic materials, interact with one another and with humans and more-than-humans, and reveals their inherent inseparability. Through the protagonist Michael Beard’s compulsive eating and his obese body, the novel strongly suggests that our uncontrollable evolutionary urges and genetic materials exert profound influence on our actions. Additionally, it illustrates the presence of agencies within more-than-humans (nonhuman materials), agencies that also interact with humans and continually shape and reshape human realities. Thus, as we search for solutions to diverse environmental challenges, including climate change, we must examine the ways in which we are intertwined with genetic agencies and nonhuman agencies. It is particularly crucial to scrutinize the agency of fossil fuels and their inter- and intra-actions with both human and nonhuman agencies. Prioritizing these intra-actions can challenge anthropocentrism and drive meaningful changes that are significant for all—humans and nonhumans. This emphasis can transform our self-perception, alter how we view others, and ultimately guide us towards more ecologically friendly behaviors. Neglecting the fundamental entanglements of these various agencies will continue to result in dire consequences.

‘자유프로젝트’를 통해 본 대학 인성교육의 가능성과 한계 -인성교과목 운영사례와 수강경험을 중심으로

정나리,이교일,하영명 한국교양교육학회 2022 교양교육연구 Vol.16 No.1

This research explores the possibilities and limitations of character education through analyzing the ways in which students experience a service learning course in higher education. Drawing on a set of data collected from running the ‘Freedom Project’, and through conducting semi-structured interviews with 11 students who have taken this course, we found that students were oscillating between the ideal world that the course presents and emphasizes through its curriculum and the real world, wherein competition and survival are the dominant values. Although students were fragmented and sensitive to grades given in the university environment, they actively explored diverse social problems to which they tried to find solutions. Moreover, they were able to obtain various competencies that character education aims to cultivate through the process of completing their project. However, some students distanced themselves from the values the course attempted to pursue, in response to neoliberal requirements. 이 연구는 인성교과목을 수강하는 대학생들의 학습경험을 통해 현 고등교육의 장에서 이루어지는 인성교육의 가능성과 한계를 탐색한다. A대학의 대표적인 인성교과목인 ‘자유프로젝트’ 운영사례와 심층면담 자료를 분석한 결과, 학생들은 ‘생존’의 위협이 극대화된 현실 세계와 인성교과목이 제시하는 이상 사이를 진동하고 있음이 관찰된다. 팬데믹으로 인해 더욱 공동체성이 제한되는 대학의 환경에서 학생들은 파편화되었고 학점에 민감한 반응을 보였으나, 인성교과목을 통해 개인과 사회 그리고 환경의 상호연결성을 이론적, 실천적으로 고민함과 동시에 타자와 소통하며 관계맺음을 실험하고 성장을 경험 하였다. 인성역량을 함양하고 교과목의 목표에 도달하며 인성교육의 가능성을 보여줄 뿐 아니라, 교과목 이 지향하는 내재적 가치와 거리를 두며 신자유주의적 요구에 응답하는 한계도 있었다.

2000년대 한국의 세대 개념과 청년세대 호칭의 유형

정나리,조대엽 고려대학교 한국사회연구소 2023 한국사회 Vol.24 No.1

The purpose of this study is to analyze the generation names that have named the young generation in Korean society in the 2000s, paying attention to the need for more comprehensive and systematic research on generation names in generation research. This study gathered terms according to the time of appearance to find out how the young generation’s names changed, and classified types using Mannheim’s generation concepts such as “generation location”, “generation as actuality”, and “generation unit” to understand the attributes and relationships of generation names. As a result of the study, the youth generation in the 2000s was divided into more diverse “generation as actuality” and “generation unit” within the same “generation location” compared to the previous generation and was called in various ways. Demographic generation names and globally used generation names were classified as “generation location type” and generation names with clear backgrounds in relation to Korea’s social structure, such as social events and cultural characteristics, were classified as “generation as actuality type”. In addition to that the social structure-based generation names related to the hierarchical situation were classified as a “generation unit type”. This typology is meaningful in that it analyzes and classifies various and confusing generation concepts in Korean society in the 2000s according to the meaning of each concept. Such typology can be a blueprint for more systematic generation research, although it is a general classification. 이 연구는 세대 연구에 있어서 세대 호칭에 관한 보다 종합적이고 체계적인 연구의 필요성에 주목하여 2000년대 한국 사회에서 청년을 명명해온 세대 호칭들을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 청년세대 호칭들이 어떻게 변했는지 확인하기 위해 용어들을 출현 시기에 따라 시간순으로 종합하였고, 세대 호칭들의 속성과 관계를 파악하기 위해 ‘세대위치’, ‘실제세대’, ‘세대단위’와 같은 만하임의 세대 개념을 활용하여 유형을 분류했다. 연구 결과 2000년대 청년세대는 이전 세대에 비해 동일한 ‘세대위치’ 내에서 더 다양한 ‘실제세대’와 ‘세대단위’로 분화되어 다양하게 호명되고 있었다. 인구 통계적세대 호칭과 전 지구적으로 통용되는 세대 호칭은 ‘세대위치형’으로 분류되었고, 사회적 사건, 문화적 특징 등 한국의 사회구조와 관련하여 등장 배경이 뚜렷하게 드러나는 세대 호칭들은 ‘실제세대형’으로 구분되었다. 그리고 계층적 상황과 관련된 사회구조 기반 세대 호칭은 ‘세대단위형’ 세대 호칭으로 유형화할 수 있었다. 이 같은유형화는 2000년대 한국 사회에서 다양하고도 혼란스럽게 난립한 세대 개념을 각개념이 포괄하는 의미에 따라 분석적으로 분류하는 의의를 지닌다. 비록 개괄적 분류이기는 하지만 이 같은 유형화가 보다 체계적인 세대 연구의 밑그림이 될 수 있을것으로 본다.

Association of Volumetric Breast Density with Clinical and Histopathological Factors in 205 Breast Cancer Patients

정나리,김원화 대한영상의학회 2018 대한영상의학회지 Vol.79 No.1

Purpose: To evaluate the association of volumetric breast density with clinicopathological factors in breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 205 Korean patients with breast cancer who underwent mammography for initial staging between January 2015 and June 2016 were enrolled. Volumetric breast density was measured using a fully automated commercial method (Volpara®). in the contralateral breast. The association of volumetric breast density with clinical and histopathological factors was evaluated using t-test and analysis of variance as appropriate. Results: Mean volumetric breast density in all patients was 13.5% (range, 4.1– 34.9%). The mean volumetric breast density in patients with symptom-detected cancers was significantly higher than that in those with screening-detected cancers (14.9% vs. 11.8%, p = 0.002). Mean volumetric breast density tended to decrease with age (20–39 years: 19.0%, 40–59 years: 14.3%, 60–80 years: 7.7%). The mean volumetric breast density in postmenopausal women was significantly lower than that in premenopausal women (9.8% vs. 17.6%, p < 0.001). Other histopathological factors including histologic grade or hormone receptor status were not associated with volumetric breast density. Conclusion: Our results suggest that volumetric breast density is associated with the method of detection, age, and menopausal status.

국내 언론의 환경이슈 보도 행태 분석

정나리 한국방송학회 2007 한국방송학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

유튜브 관광 콘텐츠 품질 속성이 선호도와 지속이용의도에 미치는 영향

정나리,왕캐,명민식,박범진,조상희 (사)한국관광레저학회 2021 관광레저연구 Vol.33 No.11

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the effect of quality attributes of YouTube tourism contents on users' preference and continuous use intention and to present practical implications based on the meaningful results. By reflecting the characteristics of YouTube, four attributes such as expression, popularity, content, and will to operate a channel were derived as quality attributes of YouTube tourism contents. As a measurement tool to measure users' preference and intention to continue using, the intention to press 'Like' and 'Subscription' were measured. As a result of the analysis: first, among the quality attributes of YouTube tourism contents, ‘expression,’ ‘content,’ and ‘popularity’ were found to have a significant effect on user preference. Second, among the quality attributes of YouTube tourism contents, it was found that 'expression,' 'content,' and 'will to operate a channel' had a significant effect on users' continuous use intention. Third, it was found that the preference of YouTube tourism contents users had a significant effect on users’ continuous use intention.

연예인 얼굴과 연예인 기반 아바타에서의 언캐니 밸리

정나리,이민지,최훈 한국감성과학회 2022 감성과학 Vol.25 No.1

As virtual space activities become more common, human-virtual agents such as avatars are more frequently used instead of people, but the uncanny valley effect, in which people feel uncomfortable when they see artifacts that look similar to humans, is an obstacle. In this study, we explored the uncanny valley effect for celebrity avatars. We manipulated the degree of atypicality by adjusting the eye size in photos of celebrities, ordinary people, and their avatars and measured the intensity of the uncanny valley effect. As a result, the uncanny valley effect for celebrities and celebrity avatars appeared to be stronger than the effect for ordinary people. This result is consistent with previous findings that more robust facial representations are formed for familiar faces, making it easier to detect facial changes. However, with real faces of celebrities and ordinary people, as in previous studies, the higher the degree of atypicality, the greater the uncanny valley effect, but this result was not found for the avatar stimulus. This high degree of tolerance for atypicality in avatars seems to be caused by cartoon characters’ tendency to have exaggerated facial features such as eyes, nose, and mouth. These results suggest that efforts to reduce the uncanny valley in the virtual space service using celebrity avatars are necessary. 가상공간의 활성화에 따라 아바타와 같이 사람을 대신하는 대리인(agent)의 사용이 활성화되었으나, 인공물이 사람 과 유사해질수록 불편함을 느끼는 언캐니밸리(uncanny valley) 현상이 장애물로 작용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 연예인 에 기반을 둔 아바타에서 느껴지는 언캐니밸리 현상을 확인하고자 하였다. 연예인 및 일반인의 사진과 그 사진을 기반 으로 제작된 아바타에서 눈 크기를 조절하여 비전형성 정도를 조작하였고, 이에 따른 언캐니밸리 현상의 강도를 측정하 였다. 그 결과, 사진과 아바타 모두에서 연예인 얼굴에 대한 언캐니밸리 현상이 더 강하게 나타났다. 이는 친숙한 얼굴 에 대해서 더 강한 얼굴 표상이 형성되어 얼굴 변화에 대해 더 쉽게 탐지한다는 기존의 발견들과 일치한다. 한편 사진 자극에 대해서는 기존의 연구에서처럼 비전형성 정도가 높아질수록 더 높은 언캐니밸리 현상이 발견되었으나, 아바타 자극에 대해서는 비전형성 정도에 따른 효과가 발견되지 않았다. 이는 만화의 등장인물에서 얼굴의 특징이 과장되어 커지거나 작아지는 경향 때문에 아바타에서 허용할 수 있는 비전형성 정도가 크기 때문으로 판단된다. 이와 같은 결과 는 최근 연예인 아바타를 사용한 가상공간의 서비스에서 언캐니밸리 현상을 줄이기 위한 노력이 필요함을 시사한다.

다빈치코드를 바라보는 기독교인들에 대한 연구

정나리 한국방송학회 2006 한국방송학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

균일한 매질 속에서 요동치는 경계면에 대한 실험

정나리,최연무,김현주 한국물리학회 2010 새물리 Vol.60 No.11

The dynamic scaling behavior of a growing self-affine fractal interface is examined by using a simple experiment with two glass plates. We put one glass plate on the other and immerse the edge of the two up plates in a black-ink dye solution; then, the evolution of the interface formed between the ink solution and the air by capillary action is photographed with a CCD camera as a function of time. We found that the interface width scaled with system size L as W(L)~ Lα$ with α□0.48 and scale with time as W(t)~tβ with β□ 0.37. These results of this experiment demonstrate that interface roughening belongs to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class. Thus, the theoretical results for surface growth in random noise are confirmed by the experiment. 본 연구에서는 자기아파인 프랙탈 (self-affine fractal)구조를 갖는표면의 축척 거동을 간단한 유리판을 이용한 실험을 통해 알아보았다. 두장의 겹쳐진 유리판의 한 쪽 모서리를 잉크물에 담구어 모세관 현상으로빨려 올라오는 잉크물이 만드는 경계면의 모습을 CCD 카메라를 이용하여관찰하였다. 경계면의 표면두께(surface width) W를 시간과 기판의폭에 대해 측정한 결과 표면두께는 시간에 대해 W(t)~ tβ로거동하는 것을 확인하였고 이 때 성장지수 β□ 0.37의 값을얻었다. 또한 기판의 폭 L에 대해서도 멱 법칙 W(L)~Lα을 만족하였고 거칠기 지수 α□0.48의 값을얻었다. 얻은 지수 값들을 표면성장의 이론적인 값들과 비교해 볼 때 본실험에 의한 표면성장은 KPZ 보편성군에 속함을 알 수 있다. 이와 같이실험을 통해 막 잡음(random noise)이 있는 매질에서의 표면성장에 대한이론적인 결과들을 확인할 수 있었다.

SUMO-1 promotes degradation of the polyglutamine disease protein ataxin-3

정나리,이도희 한국통합생물학회 2013 Animal cells and systems Vol.17 No.1

Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are caused by the expansion of polyQ repeats in the respective gene products. Intracellular accumulation of disease proteins is a hallmark of polyQ diseases; however, whether the increased aggregation of polyQ protein is the cause of diseases is still controversial. Efforts have been made to clarify the relationship between protein aggregation and pathogenesis of polyQ diseases. Especially, the roles of posttranslational modifications garner attention because of their roles in regulating protein stability and aggregation. Small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMO) covalently attach to target proteins and affect the diverse cellular processes. PolyQ proteins such as huntingtin and ataxin-1 are covalently modified by SUMO-1 and consequently accumulate in the insoluble fraction. To study the effects of SUMO-1 on the polyQ protein ataxin-3, we examined SUMO-1modification of ataxin-3 and tested if SUMOylation modulates ataxin-3 aggregation. Surprisingly, ataxin-3 was not covalently modified by SUMO-1; instead, SUMO-1 interacted with ataxin-3 mostly in nucleus and as a result reduced the cellular level of ataxin-3. MG132 treatment blocked the effect of SUMO-1 suggesting that SUMOinduced degradation of ataxin-3 is mediated by ubiquitinproteasome system. Chase experiment confirmed that such effects were indeed due to the increased degradation of ataxin-3 by SUMO-1. While the aggregation of ataxin-3 was not affected by SUMO-1, the presence of polyQ-expanded ataxin-3 increased the recruitment of SUMO-1 into nuclear bodies. These results together suggest that SUMO-1 contributes to the regulation of the cellular level of ataxin-3 protein by facilitating the degradation process.