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정기진(Ki Jin Jeong),조현석(Hyun Seok Cho),윤종화(Jong Hwa Yoon) 대한의료기공학회 1998 醫療氣功 Vol.2 No.2
Going back to long chinese medical history, there were many different methods of treatment according to the origin of local chinese areas, such as Bian-Shi( 砭石) from east, herbal therapy from west, acupuncturing from south, moxibustion from north, and manipulating therapy from middle china. In the midst of these therapies, acupuncture needling had developed very much both in theories, shapes, usages and also in theraputic boundary. Historical books dealing with acupuncture had introduced and used Jiu-Zhen as a tool for acupuncture needling in common. But there are some differences between each texts about in shape, use, and there are also another different point of view about the interrelationship between Bian-Shi and Jiu-Zhen. So the author, in this research, tried to look for how Jiu-Zhen had took on its real kinds, adaptive usages, theraputic boundaries, many different skills of needling. By researching over 『Ling-Shu, Jiu-Zhen (靈樞,九鍼)』,『Ling-Shu Jiu-Zhen-Shi- Yi-Yuan (靈樞,九鍼十二原)』,『Ling-Shu, Guan-Zhen (靈樞, 官鍼)』, and by compar- ing them with the contents of Jiu-Zhen in 『Zhen-Jiu-Jia-Yi-Jing ( 鍼灸甲乙經)』『Zhen-Jiu-Da-Cheng ( 鍼灸大成)』, the author discovered small conclusions such as following. 1. Taking Jiu-Zhen in a narrow sense, it only represents nine different needls used in different cases. But in large sense, this means nine different needling methods using each different needles which is represented in the form of Wu-Ci (五刺), Jiu-Chi ( 九刺), Shi-Yi-Ci ( 十\二刺) in 『Ling-Shu, Guan-Zhen 』 2. Jiu-Zhen has been first originated from stone age as a substitute for Bian-Shi and through bronze and iron age, it followed a process of it's own shape and applicating functions. As an example, the moxibustional therapies shown in 『Zu-Bi-Shi-Yi-Mai- Jiu-Jing ( 足臂十\一脈灸經)』『Yin-Yang-Shi-Yi-Mai-Jiu-Jing ( 陰陽十\一脈灸經)』in ahead of 『Nei-Jing ( 內經)』era, was replaced as acupuncture therapies 3. The contents of Jiu-Zhen both in 『Nei-Jing 』and『Ling-Shu, Guan-Zhen 』have much relationship in acupuncturing skills and shape. So Jiu-Zhen had been originated on the base of Bian-Shi in ancient times to develop into delicate shape, skill, and theraputic foundation of modern oriental medicine.