Changes in Root Water Uptake and Chlorophyll Fluorescence of Rice( Oryza sativa L. cv. Dongjin) Seedling under NaCl Stress

Hyun Sik Chun(전현식) 한국생명과학회 2008 생명과학회지 Vol.18 No.2

염분에 대한 벼 유식물의 생리학적 광화학적 반응을 잎의 상대수분함량, 엽록소 형광 및 뿌리의 수분흡수를 통하여 연구하였으며, 벼 유식물이 농도가 다른 NaCl에 노출되었을 경우, 500 mM 이상의 농도와 4일, 5일간 스트레스를 준 처리구에서 식물체의 외관상 심각한 장해 징후가 나타났다. 500 mM에서는 5일간, 1,000 mM 에서는 4일간 스트레스를 준 처리구와 NaCl를 처리하지 않은 대조구 간의 광합성 Fv/Fm에서 유의성이 있는 차이가 나타났으며, 그러나 뿌리 수분흡수에서는 Fv/Fm에 비해 스트레스 기간이 짧은 2일에서도 수분흡수의 차이가 나타나기 시작했다. NaCl에 노출된 식물에서 잎의 상대수분함량은 외부 염분의 농도가 증가하고, 스트레스 기간이 길어짐에 따라 점차 감소하였다. 잎의 상대수분함량 결과에서 1,000 mM농도로 1일간 처리된 경우(88%)와 비교 했어 2일 이상 NaCl를 처리한 경우들(58-67%)에서 보다 낮은 수분함량을 보였다. NaCl 스트레스는 4일과 5일간 처리한 경우 etiolate된 벼 유식물의 광 유도 녹화과정에서 NaCl농도가 증가함에 따라 직선적으로 심하게 억제하였다(각각의 R²=0.812 과 0.918). 염분 스트레스 기간과 NaCl농도가 증가되었을 때, NaCl의 농도가 같음에도 잎의 Fv/Fm보다는 뿌리의 수분흡수가 더 민감하게 반응하는 것으로 보아 잎에서의 장해보다는 뿌리에서의 반응이 먼저 일어나는 것으로 보인다. The physiological and photochemical responses of rice seedling to NaCl stress were investigated through measuring leaf relative water content (RWC), root water uptake and chlorophyll fluorescence. When plants were exposed to increased salinity stress, the visual symptoms of injury were significant at ≥500 mM NaCl concentration for 4 and 5 day stress periods. The differences in Fv/Fm between control treatment and plants treated with 500 mM and 1,000 mM NaCl were evident after 5 day and 4 day, respectively, whereas in root water uptake its effect was observed at 500 mM and 1,000 mM NaCl at 2 day of salt-stressed periods. Leaf RWC in salt-stressed plants decreased gradually with increasing salinity in exogenous solution and duration of salt stress, and these decrease showed leaf RWC of 58-68% atduration over 2 day stress of 1,000 mM NaCl treatment and 88% at 1 day stress. NaCl stress led to a significant inhibition of the light-induced greening in etiolated rice plants, especially in 4 and 5 day salt-stressed plants, which linearly decreased with NaCl concentration (R²=0.812 and 0.918, respectively). The effects of NaCl stress in rice seedlings indicate that water uptake in root is more sensitive to increasing NaCl concentration and stress duration than Fv/Fm in leaves compared with the same NaCl concentration.

보리 엽록체의 광계 2에서 수은 , 구리 및 아연의 저해효과 비교

전현식(Hyun Sik Chun),권영명(Young Myung Kwon),이진범(Chin Bum Lee) 한국식물학회 1993 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.36 No.3

The room temperature fluorescence induction of chloroplasts was utilized as a probe to locate the site of inhibition by mercury, copper and zinc on PS Ⅱ by mercury. Inhibitory effect of Hg^2+ on electron transport activity was notable as compared with Cu^2+ and Zn^2+. At concentrations of HgCl_2 over 50 ㎛, activities of PS Ⅱ and whole-chain electron transport decreased more than 70%, while that of PS Ⅰ decreased about 10∼30%. This suggestsa that PS Ⅱ is more susceptible to Hg^2+ than PS Ⅰ is. In the presence of diphenylcarbazide (DPC), 50 ㎛ HgCl_2 inhibited the reduction of dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP) about 50%. Addition of heavy metals induced marked decrease in maximal variable fluorescence/initial fluorescene [(Fv)m/Fo], but no changes in Fo. With various concentrations of heavy metals, changes of chlorophyll a fluorescence emitted by PS Ⅱ showed gradual decrease in photochemical quenching (qQ), which indicates an increase in reduced state of electron acceptor, Q_A. Especially, the addition of HgCl_2 caused a notable decrease of qQ. In the presence of 50 ㎛ HgCl_2, energy-dependent quenching (qE) was completely reduced, whereas in the presence of 50 ㎛ CuCl_2 and ZnCl_2 it was still remained. The above results are discussed on the effects of mecury in relation to water-splitting system and plastoquinone (PQ) shuttle system.

엽록체의 전자전달과 광음향 신호에 미치는 Simetryne 의 영향

전현식(Hyun Sik Chun),이혜주(Hae Joo Lee),선우양일(Yangil Sunwoo),박인호(In Ho Park),이진범(Chin Bum Lee) 한국식물학회 1988 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.31 No.3

The effects of simetryne on light induced electron transport and phosphorylation in isolated spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) chloroplasts were investigated in comparison with sencor and DCMU. Simetryne, like sencor and DCMU, completely, inhibited PSⅡ electron transport and phosphorylation with 10^-6 M treatment but did not inhibit PSⅠ electron transport. Interference with the electron transport pathway was evidenced by the greater sensitivity of oxygen evolution and uptake than phosphorylation. The following order of decreasing inhibitory effectiveness was exhibited; DCMU>simetryne>sencor. The photoacoustic technique was also used to monitor the relative photosynthetic activity in the leaves treated with the herbicides (simetryne, sencor or DCMU) in viva and in vitro. Photoacoustic measurements on intact leaves provide quantitative information on two related aspects of the photosynthetic process, namely, photochemical energy storage and oxygen evolution. The relative photoacoustic signal of leaves treated with the herbicides showed low level in 21 Hz, but high level in 380 Hz and on isolated chloroplasts (both 21 Hz and 380 Hz) in comparison with that of the untreated leaves. These results suggest that some of photochemical energy is converted into the heat owing to the inhibition of electron transport pathway by the herbicides.

Decursinol 처리에 따른 보리 유식물의 전자전달 활성과 엽록소 - 단백질 복합체의 변화에 대하여

전현식(Hyun Sik Chun),이진범(Chin Bum Lee) 한국식물학회 1988 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.31 No.2

The effects of decursinol and decursin on chloroplast-mediated electron transport and phosphorylation in barley seedlings were investigated in comparison with coumarin in the dark or light. The changes of CP-complexes were also studied. Decursinol, decursin and coumarin caused marked inhibitory effects on germination of seed and electron transport and phosphorylation activity of seedling. The following order of inhibitory effectiveness was exhibited; decursinol>coumarin>decursin. Loss of chlorophyll and decrease of electron transport activity were retarded in the dark, but were reversely accelerated in the light by these three chemicals. The changes of CP-complex patterns were also similar to effects on chlorophyll content and the electron transport activity. These opposite effects in the dark and light suggest that these three chemicals act as natural growth retardants rather than cytokinins or growth inhibitors.

Characteristics of Agronomy to Selected 3 Lines from Native Green Waxy Rice(Oryza sativa L.)

Hyun-Sik Chun(전현식) 한국생명과학회 2010 생명과학회지 Vol.20 No.1

친환경적으로 우수한 품종을 찾고자 4개 시비 처리구와 1개 품종, ‘보석찰’과 재래종 녹색현미찰로부터 선발한 3 계통으로 실험을 행하였다. 각 비료시비구당 계통별 분얼수는 GG-05-03과 GG-05-04는 유사하고 GG-05-07은 적었다. 계통별 초장은 ‘보석찰’에 비해 GG-05-04와 GG-05-07은 다소 크고, GG-05-03 유사하였다. 이삭당 낟알의 무게와 낟알수는 계통별 큰 차이가 없었다. 임실율은 계통별 차이가 없었으나 천립중의 경우 ‘보석찰’ 보다는 가벼웠다. 수량은 ‘보석찰’과 비교하였을 경우 GG-05-03과 GG-05-07은 다소 적고, GG-05-04는 유사하였다. 미질은 ‘보석찰’과 비슷하고 조지방에서 차이를 다소 보였다. 이상의 결과를 요약하면 GG-05-07 계통이 보다 친환경적 재배에 유용한 것으로 나타났다. In order to find out better cultivation practices for environmentally-friendly agriculture, an experiment with four fertilizer levels and one cultivar, ‘Boseokchal’, and three lines, GG-05-03, GG-05-04, and GG-05-07 was carried out. Those lines had been selected from native green waxy rice over a period of five years (2004~2008). The tillering numbers of both the GG-05-03 and GG-05-04 lines were similar, but GG-05-07 was less than those. Regarding plant height, both GG-05-04 and GG-05-07 were higher than ‘Boseokchal’, while GG-05-03 was similar to it. There was no marked difference of quantitative character amond the three lines regarding grain weight and grain number of ear. 1000-grain weights of all three lines were slightly light compared to ‘Boseokchal’ cultivar. Head rice yields of both the GG-05-03 and GG-05-07 lines were less than ‘Boseokchal’, but the GG-05-04 line was similar to it. Only total lipids of all compositions of brown rice showed a slightly different rate compared to ‘Boseokchal’. These results summarize that the GG-05-07 line was shown to be better than both the GG-05-03 and GG-05-04 lines for environmentally-friendly agriculture practices.

저온처리한 오이의 자엽에서 광합성 활성의 광의존성 저해

전현식(Hyun Sik Chun),문병용(Byoung Yong Moon),이춘환(Choon Hwan Lee),정익교(Ik Kyo Chung),박인호(In Ho Park),이진범(Chin Bum Lee) 한국식물학회 1993 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.36 No.2

The photosynthetic activities in relation to oxygen evolution rates, quantum yield, Co_2 uptake rates and room temperature chlorophyll fluorescence were investigated in cotyledons of cucumber seedlings exposed to low temperature(at 4℃) for 24 h. Light-chilling caused more inhibition on light-saturated maximum oxygen evolution rates, quantum yield, and Co_2 uptake rates that dark-chilling did in the cucumber plant. Light-chilling induced more marked increase in Fo and decrease in (Fv)m/Fm than dark-chilling did in the room temperature chlorophyll induction kinetics. The above results affected by chilling in the light are considered to be associated with the partial damage of the reaction center of PS Ⅱ and the decreased photosynthetic activities. There occurred a large decrease in qQ with little change in qNP in the light-chilling plant. When light- and dark- chilled plants were recovered at room temperature for 24 h and their chlorophyll fluorescences were induced with light doubling technique, light-chilled plants showed more smaller magnitude and rate of fluorescence relaxation than dark-chilled plants. These suggest that light-chilling might cause some alterations in transthylakoid ΔpH formation, and that photosynthetic apparatus of cucumber cotyledons is more susceptible to light-chilling. In the fast fluorescence induction kinetics, F_R was decreased by 60% in the light-chilled plants with reference to 25℃ light-grown plants, while the dark-chilled plants showed a decreased rate of only 20% with reference to 25℃ dark-treated plants for 24h, indicating that cucumber seedling is very sensitive to chilling stress. So, it is certain that chilling injury to the photosynthetic apparatus is strongly dependent on the presence of light in cucumber seedlings.

돈분액비 시용이 트리티케일 생육과 토양의 화학적 특성에 미치는 영향

이병진,김경목,전현식,전승호,조영손,Lee, Byung-Jin,Kim, Kyeong-Mok,Chun, Hyun-Sik,Jeon, Seung-Ho,Cho, Young-Son 한국유기농업학회 2014 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.22 No.2

돈분액비를 활용하여 경종 축산 연계를 통한 자원순환농업의 활용 및 녹비작물의 생산량을 증가시키기 위해 트리티케일 재배지에서 돈분액비 시용이 생육특성과 토양 화학성 변화 및 건물수량성에 대한 결과 요약은 다음과 같다. 초장에서는 LPM처리구에서 115.3cm로 대조구 대비 8.1% 양호하였으며 근장에서는 LPM 처리구에서 3.9cm 길었고 전체길이도 LPM처리구에서 132.3cm로 대조구 대비 9.9% 컸다. 건물체량은 대조구에 비하여 LPM처리구가 전 조사시기에서 높았으며 20% 이상 증가하였다. 대조구의 시험후 토양의 유기물 함량은 18.8g $kg^{-1}$로 시험전 보다 높았으나, LPM처리구에서는 시험전 토양보다 낮은 14.1g $kg^{-1}$이었다. 시험후 토양의 치환성 K는 LPM처리구에서 높게 나타난 반면, Ca, Mg 및 Na는 대조구에서 높았으며 시험전 토양에서 보다 낮은 경향이었다. 건물체량은 LPM처리구에서 대조구에 비하여 21.9% 증가하는 경향이었다. As part of the agricultural natural circulation, the present study was performed. Recently, there has been the movement toward reusing the Liquid Pig Manure as an alternative fertilizer sources for agricultural lands. For instance, LPM (Liquid Pig Manure) liquid fertilizer has been developed and widely used in Korea. However, the impacts of LPM on both agricultural environment and crop triticale yield have not been investigated yet. The experiments were studied on paddy field after treatment of LPM on plant height, root length, plant length, dry matter yield and soil chemical properties. The effect of LPM by application on triticale was more increased plant height, root length and plant length than the Control. Chemical soil characteristics were not significantly different between on Control and LPM. Soil pH, OM, TN, $P_2O_5$ and exchangeable cation of triticale (X Triticosecale wittmack) appeared to be lower than before the treatment. Dry matter yield were produced 834.3kg $10a^{-1}$ of in LPM plot and 684.4kg $10a^{-1}$ in Control plot. In these results show abbreviated as the application of LPM increases the yield index of triticale. However, the properties of paddy soil were not affected by the LPM application.

연구논문 : 부상형직파육묘법에서 담배묘의 양분흡수와 생육에 대한 활성탄의 효과

백종만 ( Jong Man Baek ),전현식 ( Hyun Sik Chun ),김진우 ( Jin Woo Kim ) 한국국제농업개발학회 2005 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.17 No.2

Synechococcus PCC7002의 세포 및 틸라코이드 막의 Polyvinylalcohol 고정화에 의한 광합성 특성

윤지은(Chi Eun Yoon),전현식(Hyun Sik Chun),이혜주(Hae Joo Lee),엄경일(Kyungil Um),선우양일(Yangil Sunwoo),박인호(In Ho Park),이진범(Chin Bum Lee) 한국생물공학회 1993 KSBB Journal Vol.8 No.2

TLC 분석에 의한 산청지역의 녹차 채엽시기에 따른 β-Carotene과 Lutein 함량의 변화

손영주(Young Ju Son),전현식(Hyun Sik Chun) 한국차학회 2011 한국차학회지 Vol.17 No.1

This research was conducted to produce high quality green tea during different harvesting times at Sanchung by TLC assay and to prevent the loss of chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. In a comparison of different harvesting periods, the 3rd harvesting green tea (3rd GT) contained much higher total chlorophyll content than the 1st harvesting green tea (1st GT) and 2nd harvesting green tea (2nd GT). To isolate both β-carotene and lutein in green tea by TLC assay, the ratio of n-hexane and acetone in the development solvent was 50 to 50 (v/v) after developed as 85 to 15. Their isolation was also satisfactory as two-dimensional chromatography on one adsorbent combined development of the plate in the first direction with 40 to 20 and in the second direction perpendicular to the first one with 50 to 50 (v/v). Regarding β-carotene content per dry weight, the 2nd GT contained more than both the 1st GT and 3rd GT, whereas regarding per total chlorophyll, the 1st GT contained more than both the 2nd GT and 3rd GT. Regarding content of lutein, the 1st GT contained more than the 2nd GT and 3rd GT in both per dry weight and per total chlorophyll. Both the effect of inhibition on bacterial growth and the survival test of Artemia using green tea extract showed optimal conditions at a concentration of 200 µg mL‾¹.