Poly(acrylonitrile)- L1계 폴리머 전해질의 전기화학적 성질

전해수,김형선,윤경석,조병원 한국화학공학회 1997 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.35 No.1

Polyacrylonitrile(PAN) 매트릭스에 LiClO₄, LiAsF_6, LiBF₄, LiPF_6 등의 리튬염과 ethylene carbonate(EC) propylene carbonate(PC)유기용매 등이 캡슬화된 폴리머 전해질의 전기화학적인 특성을 조사하였다. 모든 조성의 폴리머 전해질의 이온 전도도는 상온에서 10^(-3)-10^(-4)s/㎝범위를 나타냈다. 리튬 전극과 폴리머 전해질간의 시간에 따른 계면 저항은 EC/PC의 유기용매비가 75:25일 때 가장 안정한 것으로 나타났다. 이 용매비에서 LiPF_6 리튬염을 갖는 폴리머 전해질의 이온 전도도 및 계면 저항은 시간에 따라 안정한 값을 보였다. 이 전해질은 4.3V(vs. Li^+/Li)까지 전기화학적으로 안정하였고 따라서 리튬 폴리머 전지에 적용 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 폴리머 전해질들에서 리튬 이온의 확산계수는 4×10^(-7) ㎠/sec이며 교환 전류밀도는 시간에 따라 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. The electrochemical properties of polymer electrolyte encapsulated LiClO₄, LiAsF_6, LiBF₄, LiPF_6 lithium salts and ethylene carbonate(EC), propylene carbonate(PC) organic solvent in polyacrylonitrile(PAN) matrix were investigated. The ionic conductivity of polymer electrolyte of all the composition showed in the range 10^(-3)-10^(-4)s/㎝ at room temperature. The interfacial resistance between lithium electrode and polymer electrolyte with time was the most stable when EC/PC organic solvent ratio is 75 : 25. The ionic conductivity and interfacial resistance of polymer electrolyte containing lithium salt LiPF_6 in this solvent ratio showed stable value with storage time. This electrolyte was electrochemically stable up to 4.3 V(vs. Li^+/Li), so that it could be apply to lithium polymer battery. The diffusion coefficient of lithium ion in polymer electrolytes was 4×10^(-7) ㎠/sec and the exchange current density decreased with time.

葛根의 착즙 및 열수 추출에 따른 모유두 세포의 모발 성장 관련 mRNA 발현에 미치는 영향

전해리,조남준,김기광,한효상 대한본초학회 2018 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.33 No.1

Objectives : Puerariae Radix extracts are a rich source of isoflavones that affect the activity of hepatic antioxidant enzymes. However, the effect of these extracts on hair growth in human dermal papilla (DP) cells is unknown. The purpose of this study is to compare the effects between juice and water extracts of Puerariae Radix on the mRNA expression levels of hair growth-related genes in dermal papilla (DP) cells. Methods : The antioxidant activity of juice and water extracts of Puerariae Radix was analyzed using an ABTS assay. The cytotoxicity was analyzed using the MTS assay in DP cells. mRNA expression levels of hair growth-related genes in dermal papilla (DP) cells were analyzed using quantitative RT-PCR analysis. Results : Juice and water extracts of Puerariae Radix showed strong antioxidant activity. The cytotoxicity was confirmed to be higher in the juice extract than the water extract, using the MTS assay on DP cells. The mRNA expression levels of CTNNB1, FGF7, and BMP6 were significantly increased after treatment with water extract, whereas the juice extract did not affect the expression of hair growth-related genes. Conclusions : Our study provides evidence that water extract of Puerariae Radix is effective at inducing hair growth, by promoting the mRNA expression levels of hair growth-related genes. Also in the future, studies should be conducted to investigate the effects of Puerariae radix extracts on the various hair growth mechanisms of dermal papilla cells.

中國과 韓國 - 韓中關係史 導論의 一齣

전해종(全海宗) 연세대학교 국학연구원 1968 동방학지 Vol.9 No.-

For the extensive studies of the history of Sino-Korean relations for two millenia it is desirable to survey the general trends of China s attitudes toward foreigners, the nature of the tributary system, general patterns of the roles of northrn peoples in connection with China and Korea as well as others. This paper deals with some of the significant points of these problems. Eastern Barbarians Some of Korean scholars have tried to identify the eastern barbarians, or tung-i in Chinese and tong-i in Korean, in the pre-Ch in period with those in the later times. This attempt seems to have been based on the false assumption that the term of eastern barbarians had been a proper noun. Eastern, however, simply meant east to the center of China. Herewith the concerned was the problem of formation of the Chiness people, the process of which took place in the pre-Ch in period culminating at the time of the unification of Ch in and Han. The eastern barbarians in the pre-Ch in classics and other literature were the barbarians in esatern and southeastern parts of the present China proper, but after the unification the eastern barbarians became to mean the foreigners in the area to the east of China. The term in Shih-chi was for those in eastern China in the pre-Ch in period, and the same term in San-kuo-chih was mainly for Koreans in the Korean Peninsula and south Manchuria. Tributary Relationship Chinese historical records often relate the facts that foreign, including Korean, envoys visited Chinese court bringing tributary goods with them in the Han period. But this does not necessarily mean that tributary system as a machine of the Chinese world order was already set up in this period. Since the tributary relationship had to be a constant, not an occasional, relationship, the beginning of the Sino-Korean tributary relationship seems to have started in the early Southern·and·Northern Dynasties period. The Chinese tributary system developed through the ages, and highly institutionalized in the Ming and Ch ing period. But Sino-Korean relations are not to be explained solely in terms of tributary relationship. There have been non-tributary relations along with tributary relations, although the latter became insignificant in the later times. Some of the features of the tributary relations have beeu characteristic, but some have not been. The former may be called fundamental tributary relationship and the latter quasi-tributary relationship. Quasi-tributary relationship has been regulated by the tributary relationship, but they have been such as we may see in the modern, or non-tributary, international relations. The Open Society The T ang, succeeding to the Sui, again achieved the unification of the whole China and the second formation of the Chinese nation. the latter being not so significant as the first formation mentioned above. The Chinese society had been regenerated during the preceeding period of disunion. And the T ang society was full of vigor and vitality to conquer peripheral states, communicate with them, and receive their cultural elements. The peripheral states, on the other hand, were strongly influenced by the T ang culture. The T ang was, therefore, not a closed, but an open society. Northen Peoples The roles played by the Kitans, Jurched and Mongols during the period of the Northern and Southern Sung were really significant. They not only conquered and subjugated China, but changed the Chinese world order. Not the Chinese but the nothern peoples were in the superior position in the relations between Chinese and northern peoples, and the open society of China gradually changed into a closed society. Compared to the T ang China, even the Mongol China was more closed.

트라이애슬론대회 안전사고 문제점 분석 및 안전대책에 관한 고찰

전해리 한국체육과학회 2022 한국체육과학회지 Vol.31 No.2

This study analyzes issues related to safety accidents during triathlons, measures the level of priority in addressing safety issues, and develops triathlon safety measures. With purposeful sampling, we selected 20 experts(seven professors and researchers, eight race staff and referees of the triathlon association, and five paramedics). We conducted three-round surveys with the same sample number and analyzed using the Delphi and Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) methods. There are 16 factors in triathlon race safety issues categorized into four groups(safety plan and budget, safety precautionary measures, safety personnel, safety training and guidelines). The analysis prioritized the factors in the following order: (1) Lack of experienced professional safety personnel. (2) Low participation of triathlon athletes in safety education. (3) Lack of job duty training of safety personnel. (4) Lack of information sharing and cooperation among safety-related agencies. (5) Inadequate First-Aid manual per accident. (6) Lack of campaign on the importance of safety measures and guidelines. (7) Short on safety activity budget. (8) Problems in the allocation and distribution of safety personnel. (9) Lack of information sharing of the danger zone between the participants and race organizer. (10) Lack of information sharing between the safety-related agencies and race organizer. (11) Insufficient number of participating safety-related agencies. (12) Lack of safety activity campaign and cooperation towards the spectators and residents near the race. (13) Lack of safety precautionary measures according to site inspection. (14) Lack of reasonable budget allocation. (15) Lack of safety precautionary measure during night events. (16) Inadequate safety guideline to different types and scales of the race. We expect the triathlon administrator to utilize the study results as a basic reference for a safer competition.

Lung Function Decline based on Treatment Outcome in Patients with Non-tuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease

전해리,정병호,전경만,정만표,김호중,권오정,고원중,박혜윤 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2015 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.120 No.-

Objectives: We examined determinants of the decline in lung function and assessed the impact of treatment outcome on this change in patients wtih NTM-LD. Method: We reviewed 391 patients with NTM-LD who had PFT at diagnosis and after at least 3 years between March 1997 and December 2014. We determined the rate of decline in FEV1 among three groups:observation, treatment success,and treatment failure. Result: The median FEV1 and FVC declines were -31.8 mL/yr and -34.8 mL/yr, respectively. The treatment failure group(n=74) had a significant more rapid decline in FEV1 and FVC compared with the observation(n=134) and treatment success(n=183) groups(FEV1:-50.3, -29.5, and -30.1 mL/yr, respectively, P=0.026; FVC:-49.8, -29.2, and -28.3 mL/yr, respectively, P=0.004). In addition, male sex, higher FEV1 and FVC at diagnosis were associated with a rapid decline in FEV1, while increased age, male gender, the presence of a cavity, prior pulmonary tuberculosis,chronic heart disease, and no use of inhaler were associated with a greater decline in FVC. After adjusting for these confounding factors, the patients with treatment failure had greater FEV1 and FVC declines than those who were observed(adjusted P=0.015 for FEV1 and 0.011 for FVC, respectively), while the patients with treatment success had similar declines in FEV1 and FVC to those who were observed. Conclusion: Treatment failure was associated with a substantial decline in lung function in NTM-LD, suggesting that patients with treatment failure should receive attention regarding quality of life related to lung function decline.

유동층 전극반응기의 유효전기비전도도

전해수,강웅기 한국화학공학회 1981 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.19 No.3

황산(0.1M 및 1M) 산성의 황산구리전해액(0.032M Cu)으로 구리입자(0.5㎜)를 유동화시키는 직사각형-십자류(전해액-전류사이에) 유동층전극반응기내에서 층팽창율과 전류밀도를 변화하여 연속상 및 분산상전위를 각각 측정하고, 이로부터 연속상 및 분산상의 유효전기비전도도와 총괄유효전기비전도도를 산출하였다. 그 결과 연속상유효전기비전도도는 층다공율의 3.0승에 역비례하고, 분산상유효전기비전도도는 층다공율의 12.0승에 역비례하고, 총괄유효전기비전도도는 층다골율의 6.8승에 역비례하였다. Potential profiles of continuous electrolyte phase and dispersed particle phase were measured in a fluidized bed electrode reactor of rectangular geometry. The reactor with solid copper particles(0.5 mm in diameter) was used to deposit copper from acidified aqueous solutions. (0.1M and 1M H₂SO₄) containing 0.032M of copper. Effective specific electrical conductivities of individual phase could be calculated from the potential profiles. Rasults showed that the effective specific electrical conductivity of continuous electrolyte phase was inversely proportional to the 3.0 power of the bed porosity and proportional to the electrolyte specific electrical conductivity, the effective specific electrical conductivity of the dispersed particle phase was inversely proportional to the 12.0 power of the bed porosity, and the overall(or equivalent) electrical conductivity of the bed was inversely proportional to the 6.8 power of the bed porosity.

목사가건강에주의할것

전해리 신학지남사 1925 신학지남 Vol.7 No.4

고분자전해질형 연료전지에서 Nafion막 에칭의 영향

박권필,조규진,이건직,전해수,Park Kwon Pil,Cho Gyou Jin,Lee Gun Jik,Chun Hai Soo 한국전기화학회 1999 한국전기화학회지 Vol.2 No.4

고분자전해질형 연료전지에서 에칭한 Nafion막으로 고분자막/전극 어셈블리를 제조하고 그 성능을 측정하였다. 에칭을 함으로서 고분자막과 전극의 접합이 잘 이루어져 hot pressing 압력과 온도를 낮출 수 있었고, 낮은 온도에서 hot pressing이 이루어짐으로서 전지의 성능을 향상시킬 수 있었다. 어셈블리 제조방법중의 하나인 페인팅 방법에서 에칭 된 Nafion막을 이용하면 전지의 성능이 향상됨을 보였으며, 에칭정도에 따라 적당한 양의 전극촉매를 사용해야 함을 보였다. Etched Nafion membrane and electrode assemblies were fabricated and those performances were observed in PEMFC. Adhesion of membrane to electrode increased with abrasion of membrane surface. Membrane surface ething results in reduction of hot pressing temperature, as a consequence, in improving of cell performance. It was found that Nafion etching was effective in painting method. The optimum content of electrode catalyst should be selected according to etching intensity.

Li/V₆O₁₃ 리튬 폴리머 전지의 성능

김형선,조병원,윤경석,전해수,Kim, Hyung-Sun,Cho, Byung-Won,Yun, Kyung-Suk,Chun, Hai-Soo 한국공업화학회 1996 공업화학 Vol.7 No.2

The performance of The performance of $Li/V_6O_{13}$ cell and the electrochemical properties of polymer electrolyte based on poly(acrylonitrile)[PAN] was investigated. The ionic conductivity of polymer electrolyte showed $2.3{\times}10^{-3}S/cm$ and the compatibility with lithium electrode was excellent. Also, it showed the electrochemical stability up to 4.3V(vs. $Li^+/Li$). The cell reaction of $Li/V_6O_{13}$ was dominated by the interfacial resistance between $V_6O_{13}$ electrode and polymer electrolyte. The diffusion coefficient of lithium ion within $V_6O_{13}$ was $2.7{\times}10^{-9}{\sim}4.2{\times}10^{-8}cm^2/sec$. The utilization of $V_6O_{13}$ active material was 95% at C/8($50{\mu}A/cm^2$) and 82% at C/4($100{\mu}A/cm^2$), respectively. $Li/V_6O_{13}$ 전지의 성능과 poly(acrylonitrile)[PAN]계 폴리머 전해질의 전기화학적인 성질을 조사 하였다. 폴리머 전해질의 이온 전도도는 상온에서 $2.3{\times}10^{-3}S/cm$를 보였으며 리튬 전극과의 상용성도 우수하였다. 또한 4.3V(vs. $Li^+/Li$)까지의 전기화학적인 안정성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. $Li/V_6O_{13}$ 전지 반응은 $V_6O_{13}$ 전극과 폴리머 전해질간의 계면 저항이 지배적 이었다. $V_6O_{13}$내의 리튬 이온의 확산 계수값은 $2.7{\times}10^{-9}{\sim}4.2{\times}10^{-8}cm^2/sec$로 나타났다. $V_6O_{13}$ 활물질의 이용률은 C/8($50{\mu}A/cm^2$)에서 95%였으며 C/4($100{\mu}A/cm^2$)에서는 82%로 각각 나타났다.

Poly ( ethylene oxide ) - Li 계 고분자 전해질의 전기화학적 특성 및 물리적 성질

김형선,조병원,윤경석,전해수 ( Hyung Sun Kim,Byung Won Cho,Kyung Suk Yun,Hai Soo Chun ) 한국공업화학회 1996 공업화학 Vol.7 No.3

분자량이 큰 Poly(ethylene oxide)[PEO] 고분자에 LiClO₄, LiCF₃SO₃ 등의 리튬염과 ethylene carbonate(EC), propylene carbonate(PC) 등의 가소제를 고정화시킨 고분자 전해질의 전기화학적 특성 및 물리적 성질을 조사하였다. 가소제가 첨가된 PEO-Li계 고분자 전해질은 상온에서 10^(-4)S/㎝의 이온 전도도를 보였고 4.5 V(vs. Li^+/Li)까지 높은 전기화학적인 안정성을 나타냄으로써 리튬 2차전지에 적용 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 리튬염 및 가소제의 첨가에 따라 PEO의 결정상이 감소되었고 특히 LiClO₄, PC 등이 LiCF₃SO₃, EC 등에 비하여 더 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 리튬염의 농도가 증가할수록 고분자 전해질의 유리전이온도(T_g)는 증가되었으며 반면에 융점온도(T_m)는 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 가소제가 첨가된 고분자 전해질은 6℃에서 결정화 되었다. Electrochemical characteristics and physical properties of polymer electrolyte which immobilized lithium salts such as LiClO₄ and LiCF₃SO₃ and plasticizers such as ethylene carbonate(EC) and propylene carbonate(PC) in high molecular weight polyethylene oxide)[PEO] polymer was investigated. PEO-Li based polymer electrolyte with plasticizers showed ionic conductivity of 10^(-4)S/㎝ at room temperature and high electrochemical stability up to 4.5 V(vs, Li^+/Li), so it can be applied to lithium secondary battery. The crystallinity of PEO decreased with the addition of lithium salts and plasticizers, especially LiClO₄ and PC showed more effective than LiCF₃SO₃ and EC. Glass transition temperature(T_g) of polymer electrolyte increased with increasing lithium salt concentration whereas melting temperature(T_m) decreased. Polymer electrolyte with plasticizers crystallized at 6℃.