비극을 다루는 영화의 공정한 시선에 대하여 -콜럼바인 고등학교 총격사건을 다룬 영화들을 중심으로-

전준혁 한국기초조형학회 2017 기초조형학연구 Vol.18 No.6

The purpose of this research is for scrutinizing auteur's approach and method towards cinema, which is a popular visual media, that deals with tragedy. The object of this research is three films that directly and indirectly deal with Columbine Highschool Massacre, which happened in April 20, 1999 in Colorado, USA. <Elephant>, <Bowling for Columbine>, which are based on the event, and <We Need to Talk About Kevin>, which depicts a large-scale massacre through gaze of attacker's mother. Main reason that I chose Columbine Highschool Massacre is that the incident is representative example of that kind of tragedy, as the incident still remains valid questions about truth of actual event and ethics of seeing around the tragedy. Also a wide range of relationship among the truth, narrative, and media about the event are stretched out in the wide spectra. Through analysis of three films, I made an in-depth interpretation about violent quality and distortion that are intricate problems of cinema when it faces with traumatic event, and examine how each film avoids the dilemma and recover the narrative of perpetrators, as well as victims. In <Elephant>, I examined the formal way in which a film can achieve fair gaze when it represents a tragic event. In <Bowling for Columbine>, I revealed the plot of the film that exposes the social-structural problems by unveiling the story behind the incident. Lastly in <We Need to Talk About Kevin>, I demonstrated how important to have equal attention to victims and perpetrators in understanding whole affair by instituting a comparison with <A Mother's Reckoning>, written by Sue Klebold who is mother of one of Columbine perpetrators. Furthermore, by referring writings of Serge Daney, Jacques Rivette, Susan Sontag and John Berger that had mentioned fairness of cinema in association with violence and pain, I tried to make a depth and clear view towards the subject of the research. 본 연구의 목적은 대중적인 시각매체인 영화 속에서 비극을 다루는 작가의 태도와 방법에 대해 고찰해보는 것이다. 연구대상은 1999년 4월 20일 미국 콜로라도 주에서 일어났던 콜럼바인 고등학교 총격사건을 직간접적으로 다루는 두 편의 영화인 <엘리펀트>와 <볼링 포 콜럼바인>, 그리고 가해자의 어머니의 시선으로 대량 학살 사건을 다루는 <케빈의 대하여>이다. 콜럼바인 고등학교 총격사건을 선택한 이유는 하나의 대표성을 가진 표본으로서 해당 사건은 여전히 진실과 윤리에 대한 유효한 질문들을 남기고 있고 사건 자체뿐만 아니라 그것을 바라보는 매체와 서사, 그리고 진실 간의 다양한 역학관계가 넓은 스펙트럼 안에서 펼쳐져 있기 때문이다. 본 연구자는 세 편의 영화를 분석하여 트라우마적인 사건을 다루는 시각적 재현방법이 필연적으로 부딪히게 되는 난제인, 폭력성과 왜곡에 대해 심도 있게 해석하고 각각의 영화가 어떤 방식으로 그것들을 피해가고 피해자뿐만 아니라 가해자들의 서사까지도 회복시키고 있는지 분석하였다. <엘리펀트>에서는 영화가 비극적 사건을 재현할 때 공정한 시선을 획득할 수 있는 영화 형식의 방법론을 이야기하고, <볼링 포 콜럼바인>에서는 사건 이면에 가려진 이야기를 드러냄으로써 사회구조적 문제를 폭로하는 영화의 서사구성에 대해 살펴보고, <케빈에 대하여>에서는 사건에 관계된 사람들을 향한 동등한 관심을 갖는 것이 사건 전체를 이해하는 데 중요한 단서라는 사실을 최근에 출간된 <나는 가해자의 엄마입니다>라는 책과 비교하면서 논증하였다. 더불어 세르주 다네, 자크 리베트, 수잔 손택, 존 버거의 글을 통해 기존의 영화 및 시각 매체 연구자가 폭력과 고통을 다루는 영화의 공정함에 대해 이야기한 예들을 본 연구의 대상에 적용시켜 선명하고 깊이 있는 분석을 시도하였다.

Analysis of Papers Published in the Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences from 1984 to 2018

전준혁,Yonggi Kim 한국우주과학회 2019 Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Vol.36 No.3

This paper presents at the characteristics of publications in the Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences from 1984 to 2018. Since its first publication, a total of 1,113 papers (~35 volumes) have been published up to December 2018. While the space astronomy field has made up a large portion of the total number of papers, the number of annually published papers in this field is decreasing. In contrast, the number of papers in the space environment field has been showing an increasing trend since 2013, accounting for more than 30% of the annual publications. The participation rate of foreign researchers has been maintained at greater than 20% since 2012. Despite the decrease in the number of paper per year, there are positive developments including sustained foreign researcher participation at greater than 20% and improvements in the impact factor. We believe that JASS has the potential to enter the distinguished level of international academic journals following a well developed future road map.

제지슬러지소각재 및 킬레이트제 활용 간접탄산화 방법을 통한 이산화탄소 저장 및 탄산칼슘 생성

전준혁,김명진,Jeon, Junhyeok,Kim, Myoung-Jin 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2019 자원리싸이클링 Vol.28 No.3

In this study, we conducted experiments to store $CO_2$ and produce $CaCO_3$ through indirect carbonation using paper sludge ash (PSA) and three chelating reagents (fumarate, IDA and EDTA). Fumarate and IDA used as solvents could facilitate the indirect carbonation reaction to store more $CO_2$ than water. When 0.1 M fumarate and IDA were used, $CO_2$ storage was 63 and $89kg-CO_2/ton-PSA$, respectively, and $CaCO_3$ yield was 144 and $202kg-CaCO_3/ton-PSA$. For the case of EDTA, however, the carbonation was hardly progressed. As either the concentration or Ca-ligand stabilization constant of each chelating reagent increased, the calcium extraction efficiency from PSA increased. In addition, the carbonation efficiency was influenced by the Ca-ligand stabilization constant. As the Ca-ligand stabilization constant increased, more calcium could be extracted from the PSA. With the constant larger than that of $CaCO_3$ ($10^{8.35}$), however, the carbonation reaction was not proceeded.

『조선왕조실록』에 나타난 간의대의 기록들과 천문학적 연관성

전준혁,이민수,김상혁,이용삼,Jeon, Jun Hyeok,Lee, Min-Soo,Kim, Sang Hyuk,Lee, Yong Sam 한국천문학회 2014 天文學論叢 Vol.29 No.2

We report the results of our study for ascertaining whether Ganui-dae built in the Josen Dynasty actually performed an astronomical role or not. The Ganui-dae was the first astronomical structure built as a part of the state astronomical undertakings by King Se-Jong. Our analysis was based on the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty. At first we extracted the records regarding Ganui-dae from the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty and then classified them under six heads according to their astronomical meaning and historical significance. From this analysis we found that the Ganui-dae performed the actual astronomical role. In addition, the provisional offices and peoples mentioned in the records show the astronomical correlation. Generally, when taking into account the functional side of the records, the Ganui-dae was related with the observation. Therefore, the Ganui-dae was the space for the astronomical activity. In conclusion, the Ganui-dae was built for the purpose of the astronomical activity.

하악골 전돌증 환자에서 하악지 시상분할골절단술후 금속고정판의 조기제거 및 기능운동이 턱관절장애에 미치는 영향

전준혁,김여갑,류동목,이백수,오정환,권용대,윤병욱,Jeon, Joon-Hyuk,Kim, Yeo-Gab,Ryu, Dong-Mok,Lee, Baek-Soo,Oh, Jung-Hwan,Kwon, Yong-Dae,Yoon, Byung-Wook 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2005 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.27 No.6

Purpose: The effect of orthognathic surgery on the temporomandibular dysfunction has been controversial. The purpose of this study is to prove statistically that early removal of fixation plate at postoperative 2 weeks with active exercise of mouth opening could relieve preoperative temporomandibular dysfunction and reposition of temporomandibular joint. Patients and Methods: All 28 subject patients underwent mandibular setback with BSSRO in Kyunghee medical center by one surgeon. The fixation plates used for rigid fixation were removed at postoperative 2 weeks and we had the patients excercise active mouth opening with intermaxillary rubber rings for the guiding proper postoperative occlusion. Temporomandibular symptoms were checked and radiographs were taken before surgery, within a month after surgery, six to twelve months after surgery respectively. Results: The temporomandibular dysfunction symptoms were relieved after the surgery and the condyle was displaced inferior-posteriorly immediate after surgery and repositioned toward its original position during follow-up periods. Conculusion: Orthognathic surgery may benefit temporomandibular joint dysfunction by obtaining a postoperative stable occlusion and more physiologic neuromuscular function. The early removal of fixation plates after BSSRO could reposition the temporomandibular joint to physiologic position and relieve the symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction by permitting movement of proximal segment.

21세기 영상 매체에서 초상의 재현에 대한 고찰 - <지단 : 21세기의 초상>을 중심으로

전준혁 한국기초조형학회 2019 기초조형학연구 Vol.20 No.6

본 논문은 실존을 표현하는 이미지 형식인 초상이 현대-이미지 사회에서 어떻게 재현되는가에 대한 질문에서시작 되었다. 2000년 대 가장 많이 소비된 이미지이자 중층적 정체성을 가지고 있는 축구 스타인 지네딘 지단은 미디어에 의해 다양한 방식으로 조명된 초상의 예라고 할 수 있다. 그 중에서 <지단: 21세기의 초상>은 표상, 이미지, 시선, 권력에 대한 다채로운 서사를 보여준다. 지단의 움직이는 신체를 집요하게 촬영하는 카메라는축구 경기의 서사를 무시한 채 한 인물의 물리적 표면에 집착한다. 하지만 이러한 영화적 형식은 이미 사건을경험한 관객과의 만남을 통해 표면 너머에 있는 지단의 정체성을 드러내어주는 통로로 확장된 역할을 획득한다. 본 연구자는 영화 <지단>의 형식적인 측면과 영화가 드러내어주는 표면 너머에 있는 의미를 들여다보기 위해이미지와 시선에 대해 고찰한 영화철학자인 지가 베르토프와 질 들뢰즈의 이론을 접목시켰다. 지가 베르토프는카메라-시각이 가지고 있는 가능성에 대해 풍부한 상상력과 의지로 고찰한 영화인이자 철학자이다. 그는 삶을있는 그대로 드러내는 비인간적 힘으로 영화 이미지를 이용하고자 했다. 질 들뢰즈는 영화의 이미지가 존재의단순한 표상, 혹은 그림자로서 읽히는 것을 거부하고 이미지의 존재론을 부각시킨 철학자이다. 그는 운동-이미지, 시간-이미지라는 개념으로 이미지가 스스로를 구성하는 자동적 원리를 간파하려고 했고 이를 통해 현대 사회의 본질을 읽어내려 했다. 공공연하게 드러난 한 인물의 초상은 가상의 시각적 네트워크가 구축해 놓은 거대한 스펙터클 안에서 인간 존재의 실존 그 자체가 된다. 영화 <지단>은 분열된 시각 주체와 관객, 불연속적인 시공간과 이미지의 세계, 파편화된 신체이미지와 초상이라는 구도 속에서 한 시대의 영웅의 이미지가 현대-이미지 사회에서 소비되는 방식을 폭로한다. This study was initiated in the question of how the portrait, the image form expressing the human existence, is reproduced in the modern-image society. Zinedine Zidane, the most consumed image of the 2000s and a football star with a various layers of identity, is an example that has been illuminated in various ways by the media. Among them, <Zidane: A 21st Century Portrait> presents a colorful narrative of representation, image, gaze and power. The film camera, which persistently captures Zidane’s moving body, ignores the narrative of the soccer match and sticks to the physical surface of the subject. However, this cinematic form takes on an extended role as a conduit to reveal Zidane’s identity beyond its surface through the very existence of audiences who have already experienced the event. I incorporate the theories of the film philosopher Dziga Vertov and Gilles Deleuze, who considered image and gaze to take a close look at the formal aspect of the film and the meaning beyond the surface of it. Dziga Vertov was a filmmaker and philosopher who had looked at the possibilities of camera-visual perception with an abundant imagination and will. He wanted to use the image of cinema as a post-human force for the purpose of revealing life as it is. Gilles Deleuze was a philosopher who refused to let the cinematic image be read as a simple representation of reality or shadow of its existence but highlighted the existence of image. He tried to see the principle of images that automatically forming itself through concept: 'l'image-movement', 'l'image-temps', and also tried to read the essence of modern society through the concept. A portrait of a figure that has been publicly exposed becomes the existence of human beings within a giant spectacle built by a virtual visual network. The movie, <Zidane> discloses how the image of a hero of an era is consumed in a modern-image society by drawing up a structure that comprised of fragmented visual subject and viewer, discontinuous space time and imagery world, and fragmented body image and a portrait.

타자의 목소리 - 영화 <겟 아웃>으로 본 억압과 지배

전준혁 한국기초조형학회 2018 기초조형학연구 Vol.19 No.5

The purpose of this research is to study how to win the voice of The Other who is subject todiscrimination and oppression through the movie <Get Out>, and the characteristics of the movieas a strategy for the topic. The politics of exclusion and deportation currently faced by theWestern society, which has focused on the philosophy of the other since World War II, isenormous suffering for the oppressed, the immigrants, refugees and other races. Under thecircumstances, the researcher paid attention to "Political Correctness", a trend that is spreading inthe US film industry. The movement, which is read as a backlash to the Obama-Trump era'sparadox, is actualized by giving the director authority to those who have been excluded anddisplaying non-discriminatory narrative and dialogue in filmmaking. <Get Out> is a horror moviemade by a black filmmaker. Traditional horror movies with strong genre features set 'the other'as a monster to make audience feel the fear in the familiar convention. On the contrary, <GetOut> earns subversive effect by putting the black/the other at the center of the story and thewhite/the subject becomes the object of fear. It reveals racist symbols through a conspiracy by awhite family that robs black bodies and visualize the logic of oppression and control by usingspatial characteristics as the stage of the movie. And the film effectively performs the other/thesubject subversion by transforming familiar and comfortable space to white audiences into astage of horror. To understand 'the other', it is important to give them back their voices. It isspecified in the film by giving the control of the story to them. Jordan Peele the directoreffectively exposes the logic and language of discrimination deeply embedded in Americansociety in the voice of the black. This research shows how the characteristics of the film mediumget the truth of 'the other' and understand them, and discusses how <Get Out> subversivelyreveals oppression and domination over 'the other'. 본 연구의 목적은 영화 <겟 아웃>을 통해 차별과 억압의 대상인 타자의 목소리를 어떻게 복권시키고 이를 위한전략으로서 영화가 갖는 특징들을 연구하는 것이다. 2차 세계대전 이후 타자의 철학을 중심적으로 연구해왔던서구사회가 현재 맞닥뜨리고 있는 배제와 추방의 정치적 논리는 억압받는 주체인 이민자, 난민, 타인종의 사람들에게 커다란 고통이 되고 있다. 현 상황에서 본 연구자가 주목한 현상은 미국영화계에서 유행처럼 번지고 있는 ‘정치적 올바름’이다. 오바마-트럼프 시대의 역설에 대항하는 반발로서 읽혀지는 이 움직임은 비차별적 서사와 대사, 영화제작 과정에서 지금껏 소외되어 왔던 사람들에게 감독의 권한을 주는 것으로 구체화된다. 영화<겟 아웃>은 흑인감독이 만든 호러영화이다. 장르적 특색이 강한 호러영화는 전통적으로 타자를 괴물로 설정해관객들에게 낯익은 공포를 느끼게 함으로써 그 특징을 갖는다. 그에 반해 <겟 아웃>은 흑인/타자를 영화의 중심에 놓고 백인/주체를 공포의 대상으로 설정하는 장르적 전복을 실행한다. 흑인 육체를 강탈하는 백인 가족의 음모를 통해 인종주의적 기호들을 폭로하고, 영화의 무대가 되는 공간적 특징을 이용해 억압과 지배의 논리를 시각화시킨다. 그리고 영화는 백인 관객들에게 익숙하고 안락한 공간을 공포와 탈주체적 무대로 탈바꿈시켜 타자/주체의 전복을 효과적으로 수행한다. 타자를 이해하기 위해서는 그들에게 목소리를 돌려주는 것이 무엇보다중요하다. 그것은 이야기의 주체성을 소외받았던 타자들에게 돌려주는 것으로 구체화된다. 조던 필레 감독은 흑인의 입장에서 흑인의 목소리로 미국사회 안에 뿌리 깊게 박혀있는 차별의 논리와 언어를 효과적으로 폭로한다. 본 연구는 영화 매체의 특징이 타자를 드러내고 그들을 이해하는데 어떻게 효과를 갖는지 먼저 밝히고 연구대상인 <겟 아웃>이 타자를 향한 억압과 지배를 전복적으로 드러내는 방법에 대해 논한다.

Canine model of ischemic stroke with permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion: clinical features, magnetic resonance imaging, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry

전준혁,정해원,장효미,문종현,박기태,이희천,임하영,서정향,강병택,하정임,정동인 대한수의학회 2015 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.16 No.1

The purpose of this study was to identify time-related changes in clinical, MRI, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical findings associatedwith ischemic stroke in dogs. Additionally, the association of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and tissue levels of interleukin (IL)-6 with clinicalprognosis was assessed. Ischemic stroke was induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in nine healthy experimentaldogs. The dogs were divided into three groups according to survival time and duration of the experimental period: group A (survived only1 day), group B (1-week experimental period), and group C (2-week experimental period). Neurologic status was evaluated daily. Magneticresonance imaging (MRI) was performed according to a predetermined schedule. Concentration of IL-6 in CSF was measured serially afterischemic stroke. Postmortem examination was performed for all experimental dogs. During histopathological examination, variable degreesof cavitation and necrosis due to neuronal cytopathic effects, such as pyknotic nuclei and cytoplasmic shrinkage, were observed on the affectedside of the cerebral cortex in all dogs. Immunohistochemistry specific for IL-6 showed increased expression in the ischemic lesions. CSF IL-6concentrations and ischemic lesion volumes 1 day after ischemic stroke were significantly higher in group A compared to groups B and C.

온실 내 작물 생육환경 모니터링용 이동식 로봇 플랫폼 및 디지털 쉐도우 프레임워크 개발

전준혁,김성민 한국산학기술학회 2024 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.25 No.2

Research is actively underway to respond to climate change caused by global warming and to provide an optimized plant growth environment in greenhouses. The objectives of the study is to develop a mobile robot platform that monitors the environment, and to establish and to verify a digital shadow framework based on real-time 3D model simulation. The main body of the robot platform, equipped with a sensor module that can measure the growing environment of plants such as temperature, humidity, illuminance, and carbon dioxide, could be controlled by an Arduino-based controller and steered via an RF transceiver. In order to use the platform as a framework, it was built based on a commercial model that is about 1/4 scale of an actual working robot. The framework was developed using Simulink with the data communication established through ThingSpeak IoT server. As a result of verifying and analyzing the developed framework, it was possible to collect, analyze, and publish information of greenhouse environment and robot operation in real time by separated seven channels, and remotely to check the environment through a vision sensor. Simulink 3D model simulations were performed based on data from the IoT server, allowing the digital model to be controlled simultaneously with the physical model, with an average latency of 4 seconds, including minimum update time. In this study, we propose a basic study on the agricultural use of digital shadow technology, which can be developed into true digital twin technology through further researches.

해수와 알칼리 산업부산물을 이용하여 vaterite형 탄산칼슘을 생성하는 방법

전준혁,김명진 대한환경공학회 2018 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2018 No.11