流出解析에 의한 融雪量의 推算方法에 關한 硏究

全禹亭 안성산업대학교 1986 論文集 Vol.18 No.-

傾斜地에서의 視距水潗測量의 精度에 관한 硏究

全禹亭 건국대학교 1979 論文集 Vol.10 No.1

It is wide-known that the precision of the stadia leveling is more or less lower than that of the direct leveling. In this study, the two kinds of measurements are dealt to prove their differences. They are taken in a rough and steep land. In the measurements, the precision for a instrument installment and for the 1 kilometer's distance and the necessary time are as follows: 1.The precisions for a instrument installment are as follows: a) 1 mm in the direct leveling in which the Y.L. is used. b) 5 mm in the above leveling in which the T.L. is used. c) 11 mm in S.L1 used in the stadia leveling. d) 25 mm in S.L2 used in the stadia leveling. e) 4.1 mm in S.L3 used in the stadia leveling. As a result, the shorter the distance of sight, the higher the precision is. 2.The precisions in the measurement of the 1 kilometer's distance are as follows: a) 4 mm in the direct leveling in which the Y.L. is used. b) 28 mm in the direct leveling in which the T.L. is used. c) 55 mm in S.L1 used in the stadia leveling. d) 81 mm in S.L2 used in the stadia leveling. e) 177 mm in S.L3 used in the stadia leveling. Therefore, the precision shows the sable features as the above-mentioned No. 1 3.The necessary tinges according to the instruments and the distance of sight are as follows: a) 35 min. in the direct leveling in which the A.L. is used. b) 42 min. in the direct leveling in which the Y.L. is used. c) 43 min. in the direct leveling in which the T.L. is used d) 20 min. in S.L1 used in the stadia leveling e) 17 min. in S.L2 used in the stadia leveling. f) 15 min. in S.L3 used in the stadia leveling. As the above differences show, the stadia leveling saves more time. 4.By means of the stadia leveling, we can obtain the average precision even in the steep land as in the even land. The longer the distance of sight the bigger the observational error grows. But there is no difference in the necessary time between them.

콘크리트 壓縮强度의 早期判定에 관한 硏究

全禹亭 안성산업대학교 1984 論文集 Vol.16 No.-

This study was early dicision of compresive strength in concrete, the test are differently effect varying to curing method. The result obtained are summarized as follows. 1. This testing be of opinion somparative high strength, economical and practical. 2. Each a promotion strength have obtainabled the 28 days strength (σ28) (1) A cylinder specimen of concrete(Φ 10×20cm) σ28 = 71+1.79σ_B - (1) σ28 = 65+1.42σ_W - (2) σ28 = 85+1.28σ_3 - (3) σ28 = 58+1.03σ_7 - (4) (2) A regular hexahedron specimen of mortar(5×5×5cm) σ28 = 108+1.43σ_B - (5) σ28 = 82+1.39σ_W - (6) σ28 = 165+0.94σ_3 - (7) σ28 = 111+0.86σ_7 - (8)

旣存 콘크리트에 묻어넣은 異形鐵筋의 附着强度 比較實驗에 關한 硏究

全禹亭 안성산업대학교 1981 論文集 Vol.13 No.-

This study was carried out to investigate the adhesive effect between fresh concret and harden concrete in the cases or repair, supplement and constructural jointing works. In order to check the bond strength, mortar and epoxy resin were filled in the hole of harden concrete with reinforced bar and pull out test of the bar from the hole was exermined. And obtained results were as in the followings. 1. Anchorage length in normal concrete required more than 10cm and age of 28 days maximum bond strength marked about 47.6㎏/㎝^2. It was enough to get the bond strength of 47.6㎏/㎝^2. at 7 days of age, when epoxy resin was used as a filles. 2. At any anchorage length of ages of concrete, epoxy resin was superior to normal concret as filler. 3. The 1 : 2 mortar was inferior to the epoxy resin, but is was also superior to the 1 : 3 mortar and normal concret at any conditions, as a filler. 4. When 1 : 3 mortar was used as a filler anchorage length of 15㎝ was required. 5. In order to joint fresh concrete to harden concrete, if the epoxy resin or mortar were filled in the hole of the harden concrete, a reasonable adhesive effect would be seen. 6. An additiond concrete of F.C. SHO-Bond in creased more bond strength at 80 percentage in nearly than the normal concret.

珪酸마그네슘의 合成條件에 關한 硏究

전우정,신화우,최광식,안세민,이광표,장영수 원광대학교 식품약품안전성연구소 1993 食品藥品安全性硏究 Vol.6 No.-

Magesium twisilicate is mainly uaed as a nonsytemic antacid andabsrbent. Magnesium trisilicate when teeated with anacid sxuh as diluted hydrochloric acid in gastric juice decomposes to form Magnesium chloride and colloidal Silicates. 2MgO·3SiO_2 + 4Hcl - 2MgCl_2 + H_4Si_3O_8 (or 3SiO_2 + 2H_2O) Colloidal mixture The resultng colloidal silicates can protect ahe ulcer frdm further acid and peptic attack and possibly adsorb the pepsin. It is well known that yield of Magnesium trisilcate produced is greatly affected by the Synthesis condition such as the reactant concentration, reaction temperature and moleatio of reactant solutions as well as by the emperature at which the precipitate is dried and the temperature of washing water, etc. The purpose of this study is to investigate the optimum synthesis conditions of Magnesium trisilicate. A randomized complete block design suggested by G.E.P. Bdx and K.B. Wagnesium sulfate solution with Sodium silicate solution in this study. It was found that optimal synthesis conditidns were: Reaction temperature range : 57-90 ℃. Concentration range of reactants (Sodium silicate and Magnesium sulfate) : 19.1-29% molar ratio of the reactants. [Sodium silicate]/[Magnesium sulfate]: 1.47-1.80. temperature range of washing water: 45-48℃ and drying temperature range: 65-82℃ The antacidic activity of five Magnesium trisilicate samples which shows the maximum antacidic efficacy was tested by pharmacopeia acid consuming capacity test. The five Magnesium trisilicate samples were samples were identified by chemical analysis.

農村 分散마을의 汚水處理 改善方案 硏究

全禹亭 안성산업대학교 1996 論文集 Vol.28 No.-

Most rural communities are small in scale and widely scattered over large area. Surrounding area of these communities provides comforts to people living in both rural and urban area, and can be used as natural systems for waste water treatment. In this study, the use of rural areas as waste water treatment systems was investigated through evaluating treatment facilities currently operate, based on field trips and literature. Small scale treatment systems are considered appropriate n rural communities in terms of construction and maintenance costs. In addition, rural area includes forests, wetlands, and agricultural land which can be used as natural systems for waste water treatment. When the natural systems are implemented and appropriate guidelines are provided, rural residences can operate the treatment system without much help from experts. It is desirable to employ natural systems using agricultural land for waste water treatment to protect water quality in rural area.

임차건물 화재발생시 임대차계약상 의무의 종류에 따른 손해배상의 범위와 증명책임 - 대법원 2017. 5. 18. 선고 2012다86895, 86901 전원합의체 판결 -

전우정 서울대학교 법학연구소 2019 서울대학교 法學 Vol.60 No.4

이 논문은 대법원 2017. 5. 18. 선고 2012다86895, 86901 전원합의체 판결의 의의를 살펴보고, 다수의견, 별개의견1, 반대의견, 별개의견2에 대하여 차례로 분석하였다. 기존의 대법원 판례는 임차인의 지배⋅관리 영역에서 화재가 발생한 경우에 임차인이 목적물 반환의무가 이행불능이 되므로 인한 손해배상 책임을 면하려면 임차인에게 그 이행불능이 임차인의 귀책사유로 인한 것이 아님을 증명할 책임이 있다고 판시하였다. 그리고 구조상 ‘불가분의 일체’를 이루는 경우에는 임차인의 임대차 목적물 반환의무의 이행불능으로 인한 손해배상으로서 임차 외 건물 부분의 손해도 포함하여 불가분의 일체를 이루고 있는 건물 전체의 손해에 대하여 임차인에게 배상할 의무가 있다고 판시하였다. 이에 반해, 대상판결(다수의견)은, 임차 외 건물 부분의 손해와 관련하여서는, 임차인이 보존⋅관리의무를 위반하는 등 화재 발생과 관련된 임차인의 계약상 의무위반이 있었다는 점을 임대인이 주장⋅증명하여야 한다고 판시하여 기존의 판례를 변경하였다. 대상판결(다수의견)은 임차인의 임대차 목적물 보존⋅관리의무 위반에 대한 증명책임이 임대인에게 있다고 판시하여, 임차인의 임대차계약상 의무 위반의 종류에 따라서 증명책임을 달리하였다. 대상판결(다수의견)이, 손해 발생 부분에 따라 목적물 반환의무와 보존⋅관리의무를 분리하여 증명책임을 달리하고, 화재가 발생하였음에도 불구하고 임차인의 보존⋅관리의무 채무불이행 자체가 증명되지 않았다고 한 것은 다소 인위적으로 보인다. 특정 행위에 주의를 기울이게 하여서 과실(過失)로 인한 채무불이행을 방지하기 위해서는, 행위에 따라서 손해배상의 범위를 결정하여야지, 사후 발생한 손해의 범위에 따라서 책임귀속 주체를 결정하여서는 안 될 것이다. 사후의 우연한 결과에 따라서 법적 평가가 달라진다면 행위자가 손해발생 예방을 위한 주의를 기울이도록 하려는 예방적 효과에는 도움이 되지 않을 것이다. 별개의견1은, 보존의무는 단지 반환의무의 전제가 되는 의무라고 판시하였는데, 이 때문에 보존의무 위반에 따른 손해배상 책임의 범위는 반환의무 위반에 따른 손해배상 책임의 범위를 벗어날 수 없다고 판단한 것으로 보인다. 별개의견1은 반환의무 및 보존의무 위반에 따른 손해배상 책임의 범위를 임대차 목적물 부분의 손해로 한정하였다. 그리고 임차 외 건물 부분의 손해에 대하여 불법행위책임으로 구성하였다. 별개의견1은, 임대차 목적물 자체의 손해 발생 위험은 임차인이 최소비용회피자이고, 임차 외 건물 부분의 손해 발생 위험은 임대인이 최소비용회피자라고 판단한 것으로 보인다. 그러나 건물이 구조상 불가분의 일체를 이루고 있어서 화재가 쉽게 번질 수 있는 구조인 경우에는, 화재 발생 지점이 임차인의 지배⋅관리 영역 안에 있다면, 건물 전체의 손해 발생 위험에 대하여 임차인이 최소비용회피자라고 분석할 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 따라서 임차인의 지배⋅관리 영역인 임대차 목적물 부분에서 화재가 발생한 경우, 화재가 발생한 원인에 과실(過失)이 추정되는 임차인이 그 화재로 인하여 발생한 손해 전체에 대하여 책임을 지도록 하고, 임대인의 과실(過失)을 고려하여 과실상계를 하거나 또는 손해분담의 공평이라는 손해배상제도의 이념에 비추어 임차인의 손해배상 책임을 일부 제한하는 반대의견이 ... The recent Korean Supreme Court en banc Decision, May 18, 2017, 2012Da86895, 86901 (the Majority Opinion) ruled that, where the tenant leased only a part of the building, the tenant is not liable for damages on the non-leased part of the building owned by the landlord, resulted by the fire of unknown cause in the leased premises of the building, unless a contractual breach on the part of a tenant, such as providing the cause of a fire by failing to fulfil the fiduciary duty to preserve and manage the leased premises, has been proven by the landlord. The tenant has the fiduciary duty to preserve and maintain the leased premises, the obligation to use the leased premises properly during the lease term, and the obligation to return the leased premises to the landlord after the termination of the lease. According to the Majority Opinion, when the fire of unknown cause occurred in the leased premises and the fire ruined not only the leased premises but also the non-leased part of the building owned by the landlord, the tenant’s contractual liabilities to the landlord can be divided into two separate liabilities according to the area of the building. The tenant is liable for damages on the leased premises of the building. With respect to the leased premises of the building, where the whole building including the leased premises is ruined by the fire of unknown cause, the lease is terminated and the tenant is liable for damages caused by the failure to fulfil the contractual obligation to return the leased premises to the landlord after termination of the lease. If the fire initially broke out in the leased premises of the building, the tenant’s negligence is factually presumed because the leased premises is under the tenant’s control and management. On the other hand, the tenant is not liable for damages on the non-leased part of the building unless the landlord proves the negligence of the tenant and the tenant’s failure to fulfil its fiduciary duty to preserve and maintain the leased premises. The landlord bears the burden of proof. According to the Majority Opinion, the tenant’s liability for damages on the non-leased part of the building should be denied if there is no special circumstance that would blame the tenant even though the fire initially broke out within the leased premises of the building. The Concurring Opinion 1 is that the tenant is liable for the breach of the lease contract with respect to the damages on the leased premises of the building, and the tenant is liable for tort with respect to the damages on the non-leased part of the building. The Dissenting Opinion is that the tenant should be liable not only for the damages on the leased premises of the building but also for the damages on the non-leased part of the building according to Article 393 of the Korean Civil Code, if the fire initially broke out in the leased premises and the tenant could foresee the damages on the non-leased part of the building. According to Article 393 of the Korean Civil Code, the tenant is liable for ordinary damages and the special damages which the tenant knew or ought to have known. An ordinary person can foresee that the fire broke out in the leased premises of the building would easily move through the non-leased part of the building where the two parts of the building are structurally inseparable. The Dissenting Opinion also adds that the compensation amounts could be reduced considering the landlord’s carelessness and the principle of fairness.

農地造成地區 花崗土의 理工學的 牲性比較

全禹亭 안성산업대학교 1988 論文集 Vol.20 No.-

混和劑 添加量에 따른 콘크리트의 物理的性質 變化 比較 試驗

全禹亭 안성산업대학교 1982 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

Admixtures are used to modify the properties of concrete, such as to improve workability, increase strength, retard or accelerate strength development, and increase frost resistance. In order to improved the qualities of concreate, altered the water-cement ratio to 6.5%. 60%, 55% in general concrete. Selected each one of the typical agent among the four kinds of admixtures and additives. Sample is as follows; (1) Fly-ash, (2) Vinsol resim, (3) Calcium chlorid, (4) Pozzolith No.5. Additional quantity of admixtures were changed four steps, and measured the value of slump testing at 15, 30, 60, 120 minute each, and the value of absorption ratio at 1, 5 24 hrs each. In this study, concreste specimens were in accordance with the Korean Standards Specification for concrete. In the tests, for compressive strength, bond strength of specimens were measured at following age. Test of age ; 1-day , 3-days, 7-days, 28-days, 90-days. The results of obtained from the experimental analyses are summarized as follow; 1. It is possible to get the concrete of strength the same as concreter of using admixtures in general concrete in an occasion carring out thoroughly, but general concrete is inperior absolutely compare with the concrete of using admixtures, in workablility and absorption. 2. Fly-ash is very useful and economical material any other admixtures, to improve of workablility and strength, absorption, but early-strength is lower than the any others. So, can use to unnecessary structures of early-strength. Moderate tolerance of replacement quantity is 10-20 percent in the weight of cement per unit.

Interim Measures in Arbitration and Enforcement of Arbitral Awards in Korea and China

전우정 한국중재학회 2016 중재연구 Vol.26 No.3

In an era where the international investment and trade between Korea and China grow daily, the importance of international arbitration cannot be overstated. The Korean Arbitration Law was enacted with reference to the UNCITRAL Model Law. When the Chinese Arbitration Law was being enacted, the UNCITRAL Model Law was also referred to, but there are some discrepancies between the two. This article conducts comparative analysis based on the Korean and the Chinese Arbitration Laws, the Chinese Civil Procedure Law and the KCAB and the CIETAC arbitration rules. In order to adopt the UNCITRAL Model Law amended in 2006, Korea revised its Arbitration Law in 2016. The revised Law includes a more comprehensive legal regime regarding interim measures, emergency arbitrator, etc. In China, the enforcement of foreign-related arbitral awards and foreign arbitral awards is carried out mainly by intermediate people’s courts. In China, the report system to the higher people’s court for refusing the enforcement of foreign-related arbitral awards and for refusing the recognition or enforcement of foreign arbitral awards has the effect of safeguarding foreign-related arbitral awards and foreign arbitral awards in China. Both Korea and China joined the New York Convention, and domestic courts may refuse the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards according to the New York Convention.