Analyzing the Cohesion of English Text and Discourse with Automated Computer Tools

전문기 범태평양 응용언어학회 2014 범태평양응용언어학회지 Vol.18 No.2

This article investigates the lexical and discourse features of English text and discourse with automated computer technologies. Specifically, this article examines the cohesion of English text and discourse with automated computer tools, Coh-Metrix and TEES. Coh-Metrix is a text analysis computer tool that can analyze English text and discourse on various linguistic and psycholinguistic measures of cohesion, readability, and language. Many researchers in the areas of applied linguistics, English education, and language psychology have now extensively used Coh-Metrix to analyze various English texts and textbooks. Recently, the author of this article has developed a new computer tool, TEES which can be applied to evaluate English texts and essays on various linguistic and psycholinguistic measures such as text readability, text cohesion, sentence structure, vocabulary, and text marker scores. Basically, TEES has been developed to evaluate English texts and essays in terms of a standardized norm. In the TEES system, a huge size of corpus was used to construct the standardized norm. This article introduces Coh-Metrix and TEES, and presents some research findings collected from Coh-Metrix studies.

어제(魚際)(LU10) 자침(刺鍼)이 복부(腹部) 한열변화(寒熱變化)에 미치는 영향(影響)

전문기,김재효,변기원,도진우,김경식,손인철,Jeon Moon-Kee,Kim Jae-Hyo,Byun Kee-Won,Do Jin-Woo,Kim Kyung-Sik,Sohn In-Cheul 경락경혈학회 2003 대한침구의학회지 Vol.21 No.2

This study was examined for characteristics of acupuncture of LU10 on the abdominal thermography of health subject. The volunteers who participating in this study had taken rest for 20 - 30 mins in room temperature $(23-25^{\circ}C)$ before the examination and informed them what to prohibit smoking, drinking and administration of drug for the previous day. The thermography of abdomen including a below part of the chest was taken using Infra-Red Imaging System (IR 2000, MEDI-CORE Co., Korea) by time interval of 15 minutes at 15 min before, just before and 15 min after, 30 min after and 45 min after acupuncture stimulation. Acupuncture was applied to both LU10 for 30 mins. The results showed that acupuncture of LU10 for 30 mins had more potencies of changes on all the ROIs of abdominal thermography than those of control group. Also, those responses were significantly clear at the A1, A3, A6, A7 and A9 areas. It was observed that the quantities of thermal changes following acupuncture of LU10 been increased significantly comparing that of control group at the all ROIs (region of interest). These effects have more potencies at the upper (A1 and A2) and below (A7, A8, A9) abdominal areas than midline ones (A4, A5, and A6). These results suggest that acupuncture of LU10 having the characteristics of controls of chill and fever (寒熱) may modulate thermal distributions and changes of abdominal areas including the below of chest.

코메트릭스를 활용한 한국 대학생들의 영어 논설문과 설명문 요약문 비교 분석

전문기,최윤희 한국영어학회 2019 영어학 Vol.19 No.3

This study aims to investigate to what extent Korean EFL learners’ summary writings of the English argumentative and expository texts are different in terms of lexical, semantic, syntactic, discourse features and readability levels. The participants were 26 Korean college students majoring in English language education in a university located in Seoul. Their summary writings of English argumentative and expository texts were collected and analyzed using a computational assessment tool, Coh-Metrix. Besides, the results of Coh-Metrix analysis were compared using ANOVA. The results indicate that the participants’ summary writings in the two different text types were statistically different in terms of their lexical, semantic, syntactic, discourse features and the readability levels. In particular, the participants used more words, longer sentences, more low-frequency and concrete words and adjectives in their argumentative summary. In contrast, the participants used more nouns and verbs in their expository summary. For syntactic and discourse features, more additional conjunctions, syntactic complexity and more co-referential cohesion were shown in their argumentative summary. This study provides some pedagogical implications for teaching Korean EFL learners’ summary writings of different English text types and raising text-specific linguistic features.

자동화된 언어분석 프로그램을 활용한 중학교 영어교과서의 학년 간 연계성 분석

전문기 현대영어교육학회 2015 현대영어교육 Vol.16 No.1

The main purpose of this study was to analyze the continuity of the reading scripts inthe Korean middle school English 1, 2, 3 textbooks using an automated languageanalysis program, Coh-Metrix. Coh-Metrix is a computer program which can beapplied to evaluate English textbooks based on many linguistic and psycholinguisticmeasures. The Coh-Metrix measures analyzed for this study include basic counts (thenumber of words, the number of sentences, average sentence length), word frequency,standard readability scores (Flesch reading ease score, Flesch-Kincaid grade level),syntactic complexity (subject density, noun density), lexical diversity (type-token ratio),co-reference cohesion, semantic cohesion, pronouns, and connectives. In general, thefindings of this study showed that the continuity among the middle school English 1, 2,3 textbooks was controlled properly for the basic counts and the subject density score. However, the continuity among the middle school English 1, 2, 3 textbooks was notcontrolled suitably for the other measures. The findings of this study embrace valuableimplications for the development of English textbooks.

고등학교 개정 영어교과서 읽기 자료의 연계성 분석

전문기 한국자료분석학회 2014 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.16 No.2

This article investigated the continuity of the reading scripts in the Korean high school English textbooks with Coh-Metrix. Coh-Metrix indicates a software program designed to analyze various texts and discourses with many linguistic and psycholinguistic measures on text readability and language. In this study, the Coh-Metrix measures such as basic count (the number of words, the number of sentences), word frequency, standard readability indices (Flesch reading ease score, Flesch-Kincaid grade level), syntactic complexity (the number of words before main verbs, noun density), lexical diversity (type-token ratio), co-reference cohesion, and semantic cohesion were analyzed. The results of this study showed that the continuity of the Korean high school English textbooks was not well established for the number of words, the number of sentences, Flesch-Kincaid grade level, the number of words before main verbs, type-token ratio, argument overlap ratio, and LSA cosine measures. However, the continuity of the English textbooks was well constructed for the word frequency, Flesch reading ease score, and noun density measures. The findings of this study suggest some implications for the syllabus design of textbooks used in Korean high schools. 본 논문은 코퍼스 분석 프로그램인 Coh-Metrix를 이용하여 고등학교 1, 2, 3학년 영어교과서의 연계성을 분석하였다. Coh-Metrix는 광범위한 유형의 심리언어학적 측정치에 기반해 담화 및 텍스트 자료를 분석함으로써 기존의 코퍼스 분석 프로그램인 WordSmith 4.0이나 NLPTools의 제한점을 해결할 수 있는 방법론적 대안을 제시한다. 본 논문에서는 기초 산출치(단어수, 문장수), 단어빈도수, 표준가독성지표(Flesch 읽기용이 점수, Flesch-Kincaid 학년수준 점수), 통사적 복잡성(본동사 앞 단어수, 명사구 밀도), 어휘다양성, 참조적 정합성, 의미적 정합성과 같은 총 10개의 Coh-Metrix 측정치를 선택하여 고등학교 영어교과서의 연계성을 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과 고등학교 1, 2, 3학년 영어교과서는 단어수, 문장수, Flesch-Kincaid 학년수준 점수, 본동사 앞 단어수, 어휘다양성 지표, 참조적 정합성 측정치, 의미적 정합성 측정치에 대해 연계성이 체계적으로 잘 통제가 되지 않았음이 제시되었다. 반면 단어빈도수, Flesch 읽기용이 점수, 명사구 밀도 점수에 대해서는 부분적으로 특정 학년 간에 연계성이 성립되어 있음이 제시되었다. 본 논문의 결과는 교재 선택, 평가, 집필에 효과적으로 활용될 수 있는 시사점을 제시한다.

Hardware-in-the-loop simulation을 이용한 가상공작기계 구현

전문기(Moon-Gi Jeon),오준영(Jun Young Oh),이원균(Wonkyun Lee) 대한기계학회 2020 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2020 No.12

어제(魚際) (LU10) 자침(刺鍼)이 복부(腹部) 한열변화(寒熱變化)에 미치는 영향(影響)

전문기 ( Moon Kee Jeon ),김재효 ( Jae Hyo Kim ),변기원 ( Kee Won Byun ),도진우 ( Jin Woo Do ),김경식 ( Kyung Sik Kim ),손인철 ( In Cheul Sohn ) 경락경혈학회 2003 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.20 No.2

This study was examined for characteristics of acupuncture of LU10 on the abdominal thermography of health subject. The volunteers who participating in this study had taken rest for 20-30 mins in room temperature (23-25℃) before the examination and informed them what to prohibit smoking, drinking and administration of drug for the previous day. The thermography of abdomen including a below part of the chest was taken using Infra-Red Imaging System (IR 2000, MEDI-CORE Co., Korea) by time interval of 15 minutes at 15 min before, just before and 15 min after, 30 min after and 45 min after acupuncture stimulation. Acupuncture was applied to both LU10 for 30 mins. The results showed that acupuncture of LU10 for 30 mins had more potencies of changes on all the ROIs of abdominal thermography than those of control group. Also, those responses were significantly clear at the A1, A3, A6, A7 and A9 areas. It was observed that the quantities of thermal changes following acupuncture of LU10 been increased significantly comparing that of control group at the all ROIs (region of interest). These effects have more potencies at the upper (A1 and A2) and below (A7, A8, A9) abdominal areas than midline ones (A4, A5, and A6). These results suggest that acupuncture of LU10 having the characteristics of controls of chill and fever (寒熱) may modulate thermal distributions and changes of abdominal areas including the below of chest.

고등학교 영어 교과서 읽기 자료의 코퍼스 언어학적 비교 분석

전문기(Jeon, Moon-Gee),임인재(Lim, In - Jae) 한국외국어교육학회 2010 Foreign languages education Vol.17 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the linguistic features of Korean high school English textbooks to explore similarities and differences of the textbooks developed for the revised national curriculum. For this study, we created a corpus of the reading text materials from seven textbooks and analyzed it using Coh-Metrix, a comprehensive computer tool with a rich set of linguistic measures. The results showed that the ba ic counts, word frequency, readability, syntactic complexity, lexical diversity, semantic cohesion, and coreferential cohesion measures of the reading materials varied greatly across textbooks, indicating the lack of specific guidelines and an evaluating tool to control linguistic feature of text materials. Given these results, implications were drawn regarding the benefit of a corpus-based tool for more effective textbook development.

코메트릭스(Coh-metrix)를 이용한 중학교 1학년 개정 영어 교과서의 코퍼스 언어학적 비교 분석

전문기(Jeon, Moongee),임인재(Lim, INjae) 팬코리아영어교육학회(구 영남영어교육학회) 2009 영어교육연구 Vol.21 No.4

We analyzed eight popular first grade middle school English textbooks with Coh-Metrix, and automated Web-based software tool designed to evaluate text and discourse based on many linguistic and psycholinguistic measures For this, we created a corpus which consists of 101 Unicode text files These text files contained reading materials presented in eight middle school English textbooks Coh-Metrix was applied to investigate differences among the textbooks and differences among the chapters of each textbook in terms of some representative Coh-Metrix measures selected for this study Our findings showed that there were differences among the textbooks in the basic count, word frequency, readability, syntactic complexity, lexical diversity, co-referential coherence, and semantic coherence measures There were also differences among the chapters of each textbook in those Coh-Metrix measures Our findings imply more systematic criteria as well as practical evaluation measures are needed for the design of school English textbooks, they can serve as specific guidelines for textbook writers and later help English teachers select the most appropriate teaching materials for their teaching context

Coh-Metrix를 이용한 중학교 1학년과 2학년 개정 영어교과서 읽기 자료의 코퍼스 언어학적 연계성 분석

전문기(Moon Gee Jeon) 언어과학회 2011 언어과학연구 Vol.56 No.-

This study investigates the continuity of Korean middle school English textbooks using Coh-Metrix, a computer program that analyzes text and discourse on different components of readability and language. The Coh-Metrix measures for this study includes word frequency, standard readability indices, syntactic complexity, lexical diversity, co-reference cohesion, semantic cohesion, incidence of connectives, incidence of pronouns, basic counts, and word information measures. Our findings show that the continuity of Korean middle school English textbooks is well established based on some Coh-Metrix measures, but it is not well constructed for others. Our findings have implications for the design of school English textbooks. (Konkuk University)