경기 북부 일부 지역 대형 마트 유통계란에 오염된 미생물의 분리

전명숙,홍승희 한국식품영양학회 2009 한국식품영양학회지 Vol.22 No.3

Microorganisms or their toxins can be transferred to eggs and cause food poisoning in humans. Therefore, this study was conducted to detect microbial contamination of eggs and to identify microorganisms in any contaminated eggs. Four different brands of eggs were collected from hypermarkets in the northern Gyeonggi area. The total bacterial counts on the shells of the eggs varied greatly between brands. In addition, various bacterial species including Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas mendocina, Alcaligenes xylosoxidans, Alcaligenes faecalis, and Enterobacter cloacae were identified on eggshells. Furthermore, mean of total bacterial counts of four brands was 3.4 × 104 cfu/㎖ and E. coli was detected on the eggshell of one brand egg. However, Salmonella was not identified on all brands of collected eggs. We also demonstrated that the E. coli isolated from the eggshell was not pathogenic based on the absence of pathogen-specific gene expression patterns. Taken together, the result of this study indicate that strict quality control and improved distribution controls are required to decrease microbial contamination and improve human health. 본 실험은 경기 북부 일부 지역의 계란에서 미생물 오염도를 측정하여 계란의 위생 상태를 파악하고자 하였다. 조사 자료로서는 대형 마트에 유통 중인 계란 중에서 서로 브랜드가 다른 계란을 대상으로 하였다. 계란의 난각에 존재하는 일반 세균수를 측정하였다. 그 결과 3.4 × 104 cfu/㎖로 상당히 높은 일반 세균수가 검출되었다. 다음으로는 식중독 지수의 중요한 지표가 되는 대장균 및 계란으로 인한 식중독에서 주요 원인균으로 작용하는 살모넬라균의 오염 여부를 파악한 결과, 한 브랜드의 계란에서 대장균이 검출되었고, 살모넬라균은 검출되지 않았다. 또한 각 브랜드에 계란에서 검출된 세균을 분리 동정 한 결과, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas mendocina, Alcaligenes xylosoxidans, Alcaligenes faecalis, Enterobacter cloacae 등이 분리되었다. 이 세균들 중 일부는 사람에게 병원성을 나타내거나, 면역력이 약한 노약자나 어린이에게 기회감염 또는 병원 내 감염을 일으키기도 하는 것으로 알려졌다. 계란의 난각에서 분리된 대장균의 병원성 여부를 판정하기 위하여, 대장균의 DNA를 분리하여 PCR을 수행한 결과, 병원성 대장균들에서 특이적으로 나타나는 유전자형을 가지고 있지 않는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 위의 결과들을 종합하여 보면, 시중에 유통중인 계란의 난각에서 비록 살모넬라균과 병원성 대장균은 검출되지 않았지만, 사람에게 감염을 일으킬 수 있는 여러 병원성 세균들이 검출됨으로써 계란의 유통 및 판매에 더욱 철저한 위생관리가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

상호대차(相互貸借) 제도의 이론(理論)과 응용

전명숙 韓國圖書館學會 1986 圖書館學 Vol.13 No.1

Interlibrary loan has been a very common library service in the developed countries but it is yet to be actualized formerly in Korea. As Korea is moving toward an information society where all the individual user's request in the library should be met, we need to understand, in detail, the theory and practice of interlibrary loan service. As various information technology has been applied to the libraries, the libraries became the open system. Thus, the libraries become more cooperative, form networks, and make interlibrary loan service available. This study is based on the following three hypothesis formulated from the systems theory. 1. If libraries cooperate each other and form some kind of networks by mail, computers or telecommunications, they become the open system. 2. If a library develops as the open system, interlibrary loan becomes available in the library. 3. If the interlibrary loan system works, the role of the librarians will be changed. The research was carried out by analyzing the various studies about interlibrary loan service and by examining the interlibrary loan systems presently working in the U.S. The conclusions are reached deductively from the data. Some of the terminology used are defined as follows: System: a network of interrelated procedures that are joined together to perform an activity or to accomplish a specific objective. It is, in effect, all the ingredient which make up the whole. Cooperation: Working together to benefit participant libraries. Network: a much more structured type of cooperation in which definite regions or areas are connected by electronic or other means to promote interlibrary loaning of materials, in-service traing & other sharing of resources. Interlibrary loan: the lending of books between libraries. The model of cooperation or networks was used to be (1) a star type, (2) a hieranchical type, (30 a distributed type or (4) the combination of aforementioned three. However, the development of the telecommunications and computers enables all kinds of libraries cooperate together. Interlibrary loan service starts with the needs of user's information. The information have to be logically accessed through bibliographies, computers, electronic mails and satellite communications. And the logical access requires the information technology and the libraries become cooperative. The physical access to the information follows next but only traditional method of mail and some commercial service are currently available for this purpose. Therefore, researches are needed to develop this physical access. If the libraries form networks, the microaspect of library changes accordingly as the macroaspect changes. If the libraries cooperate to become one large world library, the librarians plan, organize, control library operations and report the results. And the librarians work inside and outside of the library to cooperate with other libraries. Only the cooperation of the libraries will enhance interlibrary loan and the Korean librarians have to be prepared to accept the new role of librarianship for the interlibrary loan service

文化變容理論의 視覺에서 본 우리나라 公共圖書館의 發展過程

전명숙 韓國圖書館學會 1989 圖書館學 Vol.10 No.1

The concept of the public library defined by the Korean Library Association does not describe the current state of the Korean public library but describes the public libraries in the western public library but it was modified and reconciled with the tradition of Korea. The difference between the concepts occured in the acculturation process of the Korean public library. According to the International Encyclopeadia of the Social Sciences, acculturation comprehends those phenomena which result when groups of individuals having different cultures come into continuous firsthand contact, with subsequent changes in the original cultural patterns of either of both groups. Korea opened its door to western world in 1876, and it began to contact with the western world. As the consequence, the concept of the public library of the West diffused to Lee Dynasty which were characterized by the confucianism and the extended family system. These two characteristics were against the public library concept and it could not function as it was and it had to be modified to fit to Korean society. The American public library was formed by the diffusion of English public library. The concept fitted in the colonial American society which was characterized by the Christianity and nuclear family system. Religion and family life were closely knitted together and they contributed much to the formation of the American public library. Also the society needed various information to form their new nation. The need of the public library grew and the public library repidly developed as the American society was urbanized and industrialized. The changes of Korean public library has passed the following process of acculturation. 1. The Korean culture contacted with Western world. 2. The public library concept diffused to Korea, but the people were illiterate and the need of the public library was for the preservation of the old books. The collection was not for people. 3. The function of the public library in Korea was altered slightly as several intellectuals who formed the first modern public library tried to literate Koreans as a means of liberation from Japan through the library service. 4. The traditional libraries such as sodandg and hyangyo disorganized and finally disappeared as the traditional elements of the culture disappeared and the new cultural elements prevailed in Korea. 5. When the traditional elements of culture were disorganized, a reinterpretation of the diffused culture appeared. With the appearance of the vouth group which was not existed in the traditional society, cultural facilities for them were needed. They began to use public library as their reading rooms. This pattern has been institutionalized ever since in Korean public library. 6. When the new element of the culture spread, the traditional cultural elements react against this element. As the new public libraries sprung out, there were movements to restore the old Korean tradition of the family libraries and Hyangyo to counteract to the new libraries. This movements were not successful and they all disappeared as they could not keep up the rapid social change occurred in the Korean society. 7. In the process of the cultral change, cultural lag occurred between the public library and the users who could not adopt to the new library. This has been continued to the present time. 8. This diffused concept of the public library was modified and became native to Korean society. However, the acculturation of the public library concept has not changed the traditional ideas of Korean people and their behavior. The Korean society recently has been changing rapidly and the function of the Korean public library is improving accordingly; 1. The extended Korean family system is disorganizing. As the consequence, the public library could substitute the family system offering information and recreation service, etc. 2. The growth of educated population is requiring a variety of library materials. An individual library can not meet the needs of them and cooperative library service will be needed to share resources. The public library will become the center of the cooperative service. 3. The Koreans are watching TV more hours than they read printed materials. For them, the public library needs to collect audiovisual materials. Especially the teaching materials should be all audiovisualized for the effective teaching. 4. Technology is developing rapidly in Korea, especially computer technology is applied in many parts of the society. This will also influence library service. The public library will be developing as the centralized library computer system. When the Korean public library functions as the extended family system and the center of the cooperative library system, the Korean public library will be functioning as the public library defined by the Korean Library Association

노동시장 유연성론의 한계 : 의류사업 사례를 중심으로

전명숙 이화여자대학교 한국여성연구원 1994 여성학논집 Vol.11 No.-

초록없음

정보기술과 도서관의 변화

전명숙 德成女子大學校 1994 德成女大論文集 Vol.23 No.-

1. introduction As new information technologies have developed and applied to the libraries, changes occur in the libraries. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore and to establish new paradigms of the changes in libraries due to the application of the information technologies in the libraries. 2. Method of study It was hypothesized that the application of information technologies leads to the change of the libraries. To prove the hypothesis, the data were collected from the various research results carried out in the developed countries where the information technologies have been extensively applied. Theories of hunctionalism and acculturation were applied to understand the change of the libraries. According to functionalism, the application of the information technologies will bring changes and restructuring in all parts of the library and its environment. The process of change is explained by acculturation. 3. Results of study 3.1 As the new information technologies have been developed and applied tn to society, integration of various books into one data base or CD-ROm occurs. And various information service centers such as university libraries and media centers are integrated into one system. And the new library services start in theenvironment. Librarians need to work in the environment for the library networks, standardization of cataloging, or the government information policy making through meetings and conferences. 3.2 As the information technologies are applied to the libraries for book selection, cataloguing, information retrieval and circulation, the library users are enable to do self-service themselves in the library. And most of the routine works related to the information service are taken over by the library staffs. Professional librarians are engaged in use education, information marketing and fund raising. 3.3 As the information technologies are applied in the libraries, the librarians manage the library by the plan: mission, goal, objectives, policies, procedures and rules. 3.4 As the information technologies are applied to the libraries, library organization becomes temporary forming various committees, task forces, matrix of free form organization. Participative management and management by objectives become the means of cooperation and teamwork in the library and librarians share equal responsibilities for the library. 3.5 The application of the information technologies enhance the role and qualification of the librarians in information service and professional work. Librarians are the problem solvers and tutors to educate library users, the part-time workers and the temporary staffs. Librarians are also the leaders who bring in the technologies to the library. 3.6 As the information technologies are applied to the libraries, human relationships in the libraries have been changing from the traditional to modern relationships, permanent to temporary relationships, relationships in formal and informal organization to relationships in pararell organization. And librarians cooperate with each other as a team. 4. Conclusion Although the various information technologies have been applied to Korean libraries, so far the attitudes, values and human relationships of the librarians have not yet been changed very much. However, the application of the information technologies to Korean libraries will help the librarians to become to professionals in information services as well as the able managers in the library.

문화유적지의 관광자원화 특성에 관한 연구 -경주와 교토를 중심으로-

전명숙 한국콘텐츠학회 2006 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.6 No.1

The purpose of this research is to verify what are the characteristic points of the tourism resources in the historical sites and what kind of factors can roll as the tourism resources in two old cities, Kyungju and Kyoto, Those two old cities are the oldest cities in the world and they have several world cultural heritages that registered by UNESCO. In Old historic cultural sites has its own tourism resources factors and characters such as Uniqueness, Authenticity, Historical character, Regional character, Art factor, Religious factor, 경주와 교토는 역사적인 고도(古都)로서 문화유산 관광에 관심을 가진 관광객에게 문화유적지로서의 관광매력을 제공한다. 문화유적지의 관광자원화는 관광자원의 고유성과 역사성 주변 환경의 진정성 및 종교성과 예술성으로 구성된 관광자원의 특성과 관광인프라의 구축, 관광마케팅 전략이 조화를 이루어 관광자원화한 것이 특징이다. 경주와 교토는 8C를 중심으로 한 시대적 배경과 불교관련 예술품들이 관광자원으로 작용하며 두 도시가 가진 독특한 이미지와 경관, 분위기가 어울려 관광상품을 구성하고 있다. 특히 문화유산의 보존정책과 관광자원 유적지의 원형보존을 통한 전통숙박공간과 전통음식, 쇼핑자원의 개발이 어울려 문화유적지 관광지로서의 특성을 나타내고 있다.

한국사회의 문자.도서관 이용자에 관한 연구

전명숙 한국도서관정보학회 2003 한국도서관정보학회지 Vol.34 No.4

To understand the literacy and library users of Korean society, various historical data and statistics were gathered and analyzed. The findings are: 1) lineage, commerce, and religion in ancient Korean society and the social class in Koryo and Lee Dynasty were related to the literacy, and 2) the size of collection, increase of books, library budgets and the policy of national library are also somewhat related to the library hem at present.

大學圖書館에 소장된 韓國 人口 調査資科의 利用과 問題点

全明淑 德成女子大學校 1980 德成女大論文集 Vol.9 No.-

The collection of the Korean census in Korean university libraries is not very sufficient to meet the needs of researchers in academic communities. There are also several problems in searching the Korean census data in the university libraries. First, there are no reference books listing all the Koreans census data. Second, the Korean census data are not catalogued by the Anglo-American cataloging rules. Often the main entry or the subject headings in the library cards or reference books are not uniform. And the third is that the librarians do not have information on Korean census data as the curriculm of the library schools usually do not include the information on Korean census data. In order to make the best use of the limited collection of the Korean census, the followings are recommanded in this paper. First, a social science centre can be established and keep the whole series of Korean census. The users could more easily utilize the data. Second, the library schools must include some kind of instructions on the use of the Korean census data in their curriculum. Third, the university libraries must cooperate with each other for the maximum utilization of their census data collection.

대학도서관 정책의 반성과 과제

전명숙 한국도서관정보학회 2002 한국도서관정보학회지 Vol.33 No.3

University librarians prepare standards, guidelines, code, principles, policy for the library management. The role of the government is limited to support of the library budget.

발효기간에 따른 대추발효주의 알코올 및 유기산 분석

전명숙,노봉수 서울여자대학교 자연과학연구소 2013 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.25 No.-

Characteristic chemical compositions of Jujube wine using different preparation methods including fermentation were investigated. Fermentation for Jujube wine started using whole fruit (WJ1), seed-removed fruit (WJ2) and extract of whole fruit after adding 24% sucrose (WJ3). The alcohols and organic acids were analyzed quantitatively by GC and HPLC. Ethanol contents of the fermented Jujube wine was not detected initially, but increased to 13.4-14.4% after 20 days of fermentation and changed to 5.8-17.6% after 100 days. Eight kinds of minor alcohols were detected including sec-butyl alcohol, iso-butyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, iso-amyl alcohol, n-amyl alcohol, n-hexyl alcohol, 1,3-butanediol, and phenethyl alcohol. Among them, sec-butyl alcohol was found in all samples. pH of all samples were decreased from 4.92-5.42 at initial time to 3.67-4.34 after 100 days. The treatment WJ2 was the lowest pH among all treatments. Total acid content was 0.68-1.01% at initial stage and then changed to 0.64-0.89% after 100 days. Organic acids including oxalic acid, citric acid, malic acid, succinic acid-lactic acid, and fumaric acid were also detected:oxalic acid content 13.8-478.4 mg% was the highest one among these acids. Amount of total organic acid was detected from 81.7-459.9 mg% at initial time to 385.6-612.7 mg% after 60 days and 382.8-582.7 mg% after 100 days.