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장종익 연세대학교 대학원 1990 원우론집 Vol.- No.17
A discription on the socio -economic backgrounds of the Korean War should be fulfilled in the understanding of the following facts : i) a nature of Infrastructure and socio-economic conditions in Korea at that time of the Liberation, Which was formed from the time of the Japanese Imperialist's colony ii) the economic policy of the American Military Government and Separated Government of South Korea to the former iii) the economic Policy of Soviet Army and Government of North Korea. Thus we should understand the outbreak of the Korean War and poet-war settlement of segment as a outbreak of antagonistic contradiction between two socio-economic systems which both sides pursuit. By reason of Colonial-semi-feudal land ownership, which was formed by 'land inquiry works' and intensification of war prepation under Japanese imperialism, at the Liberation chosen was of capitalist social formation which had a feature of colonial-semi-feudalism. In these socio-economic character and contradiction, we could understand the character of peasants' anti-imperialist · anti-feudalist struggle for land reform and rejection of tenancy pay or self-manage movement of labors in the political situation of the Liberation, After the Liberation, in south Korea American Military Government and native ruling glass blocked socialist grasp of political power through the reorganization of clolnial power apparatus, and created Bourgeoisie Power. Also by means of reformisticly · compromisticly dissolving the relation of land owner and tenant which people would wish to break revolutionarily. On the other hand, North Korea established people Democracy system through the Rand Reform and nationalization of important industry, which were accomplished revolutionarily. After the Korean War, North Korea achieved socialist reconstruction of Production Relation through priority of construction of heavy -industry and concurrent development of agriculture and light industry policy for the construction of 'revolutionarily democracy Base'. On the other hand, in south Korea dependent monopoly capital was formed through the L·anted-properties and aids, and class condition for capitalist development was arranged under the dissolution of semi-feu-clalism and destruction of the Left.
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장종익,임양수,최종우,이윤식 대한대장항문학회 2010 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.26 No.1
Purpose: There are still many controversial aspects in the management of right colon diverticulitis. The aim of this study is to find an appropriate treatment for right colon diverticulitis. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 88 patients who were admitted with right colon diverticulitis to Wallace Memorial Baptist Hospital from January 2001 to December 2007. Results: The patients enrolled in this study included 52 men and 36 women. The mean age was 39.6 yr, ranging from 13 to 84 yr. Fifty-four of 88 patients underwent conservative treatment for right colon diverticulitis, and 34 of 88 patients underwent operative treatment. There were 5 cases of recurrence in the conservative treatment group, but there were no cases of recurrence in the operative treatment group. We experienced 43 cases with right colon diverticulitis at the operational fields, including 9 cases that underwent conservative treatment after an appendectomy: eleven cases that underwent conservative treatment after an appendectomy or an appendectomy with diverticulectomy, 19 cases that underwent an ileocecectomy, and 13 cases that underwent a right hemicolectomy. There were no statistically significant difference in complications among 3 groups (P=0.148). However, there were statistical differences among the 3 groups in the length of hospital stay (P=0.016), and the use of intravenous antibiotics (P<0.001), and the use of oral antibiotics (P=0.019). Conclusion: When the preoperative diagnosis is exact, uncomplicated right colon diverticulitis can be managed by conservative treatment. On the other hand, an ileocecectomy or a right hemicolectomy is the proper treatment for complicated right colon diverticulitis. However, if uncomplicated right colon diverticulitis is diagnosed intraoperatively, conservative treatment or a diverticulectomy should be considered.
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사회적경제 개념에 관한 고찰: 비영리섹터 개념과의 비교를 중심으로
장종익 사단법인 사회적기업학회 2019 사회적기업연구 Vol.12 No.3
본 연구는 최근에 우리나라에서 사회적경제 개념 자체에 대한 학문적 논의가 충분히 이루어지지 않은 채,제도적·정책적인 개념 규정에 의존하는 경향에 대한 문제의식을 가지고 두 가지 분석을 시도하였디, 첫째, 사회적경제에 관한 유럽에서의 정의를 한국에서 사용되고 있는 정의를 비교 분석하였다. 둘째, 사회적경제 개념을 비영리섹터 개념과 비교 분석하였다. 이러한 분석을 통하여 다음과 같은 세 가지 사실이 확인되었다. 첫째, 유럽에서 사용되고 있는 사회적경제 개념의 조작적 정의와 한국에서 사용되고 있는 정의는적지 않은 차이가 있고, 이러한 차이를 무시하고 두 지역의 사회적경제 규모 추정치를 비교하는 것은 오류이다. 둘째, 유럽 사회적경제 개념의 조작적 정의에 비추어볼 때, 흔히 정의되고 있는 한국 사회적경제섹터의 구성에서 사회행동결사와 사회행동재단은 누락되어 있으며, 공제조합은 부재한 상황이다. 마지막으로 비영리섹터론이 시장과 정부를 보완하는 역할을 강조하는 반면에 사회적경제론은 자본주의적 시장부문에 대한 대안적 관점을 강조한다. Being motivated by the problem that an increasing number of people in thesocial economy sector in South Korea tend to rely on legal or policy leveldefinition of social economy and related organizations rather than its academicconceptualization, this research offers two sets of analytical works on theconcepts of social economy. First, it provides a comparative analysis betweenEuropean countries and South Korea with regard to operational definition ofsocial economy. Second, it attempts to highlight the concept of social economyas compared to the concept of non-profit sector. The analytical results can besummarized in three parts. First, it is identified that there are considerabledifferences between the two regions with regard to operational definition ofsocial economy. Therefore, it is misleading to compare any statistical numbersof social economy between those two regions without considering thedifferences. Second, as compared to the operational definition of social economyin Eurepean Union, social action assocations and social action foundations andmutual societies are excluded in the operational definition of social economywhich has been widely used in South Korea. Lastly, social economy approachhightlights its alternative position to the capitalistic market sector while thenon-profit sector approach emphasizes on its gap-filling role between marketsector and government sector.
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장종익 한국협동조합학회 2019 韓國協同組合硏究 Vol.37 No.3
This paper points critical problem of the Framework Act on Cooperatives, which regards traditional cooperatives as for-profit legal entities. Based on an analysis of existing literature on cooperative’s identity and cooperative law in several advanced countries, it identifies a cooperative as an economic organization that operates business based on mutuality and solidarity, which is fundamentally distinguished from for-profit firms. It proposes the introduction of mutuality-based legal entities as the nature of cooperatives into the current organizational law system that comprises duality between for-profit and non-profit legal entities. The introduction of a mutuality-based legal entity allows cooperatives to get tax benefits for their transactions with their members. It also suggests the introduction of indivisible reserve and inter-organizational cooperative funds into the FAC and its related tax benefits, which is how France, Italy, and Spain have been doing it. 본 연구는 2011년에 제정된 협동조합기본법이 일반협동조합을 사실상 영리법인으로 간주하고 있는규정의 문제점을 지적하고 이의 개정방안을 모색하였다. 협동조합은 민주주의적 조직이라는 측면이외에 상호성과 연대에 기초한 비즈니스를 수행하는 조직이라는 점이 상법상 영리법인과 구별되는핵심 요소라는 점을 밝혀내고 협동조합기본법을 다음과 같이 개정할 필요성을 제안하였다. 첫째, 우리나라 조직법 체계가 영리법인과 비영리법인 이분법체계를 지니고 있어서 일반협동조합을 사실상영리법인으로 규정한 문제점을 상호성 법인격을 도입하여 해결하자고 제안하였다. 주요 선진국과같이 조합원과의 거래를 통하여 발생한 이익은 비조합원과의 거래를 통하여 발생한 수익과 구분 계리하여 세제혜택을 부여하자는 것이다. 둘째, 프랑스, 이탈리아, 스페인과 같이 비분할자본금과 조합연대기금을 도입하여 이에 대해서는 법인세를 공제해주자는 제안을 하였다.
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