선조대 말 여진 번호 로툰(老土)의 건주여진 귀부와 조선의 대응

장정수 조선시대사학회 2016 朝鮮時代史學報 Vol.78 No.-

This study discusses the relationships of Joseon with Boundary Jurchens and Jianzhou Jurchen through the attitude of Jurchen Lotun that resided in Dorgi Bira at the upstream of Tumen River during the end of King Seonjo’s reign. At the end of the 16th century through the beginning of the 17th century, Jurchens in the Tumen River basin encountered the competitive appeasement and attack of Jianzhou Jurchen and Hūlun. Since Joseon recognized the Jurchens in this region as Boundary Jurchens, it could not overlook that, which caused a conflict, accordingly. The Boundary Jurchens who were relatively weak, had to search their own way to survive. The problem of the Boundary Jurchens’ attitude was one of the important diplomatic issues of the times for not only Joseon and Jianzhou Jurchen but also Latter Jin and Qing, which were its future beings. The issue of the submission of the Boundary Jurchens in the Tumen River basin commonly called ‘Warka’ turned into a form of a request for entering the Latter Jin period and continued till the Shunzi Emperor of Qing exempted this in 1644. The diplomatic conflict between Joseon and Jianzhou Jurchen, which occurred in the upstream of Tumen River at the end of King Seonjo’s reign was related to the position of the Boundary Jurchen, Lotun of Dorgi Bira, and the armed clash between the two was the starting point. This study suggested the background of the submission of Lotun that had resided in Dorgi Bira for generations to Jianzhou Jurchen and examined how Joseon responded after the intervention of Nurhaci of Jianzhou Jurchen. This study also analyzed the reason why this incident was discussed again only when Jianzhou Jurchen invaded Joseon in 1627, during the latter Jin period. This incident did not turn into a diplomatic issue at the time of the occurrence, but internally, it was one of the momenta that created a fracture in the relationship between the two. This means that the diplomatic conflicts among Joseon, Latter Jin and Qing caused by their differences in the perceptions about Boundary Jurchens was already germinated during the Jianzhou Jurchen period. 이 논문은 선조대 말 두만강 상류의 도르기 비라(Dorgi Bira, 內河, 東良北)에 거주하던 여진인 로툰의 향배를 통해 조선과 여진 번호, 건주여진의 관계를 고찰한 글이다. 16세기 말~17세기 초 두만강 유역의 여진인들은 건주여진과 홀라온의 경쟁적인 초무와 공략에 직면하게 된다. 조선은 이 지역의 여진인들을 藩胡로 인식했던 만큼 이를 묵인할 수 없었고 이로 인해 갈등이 발생했다. 이들보다 세력이 약했던 여진 번호들은 자신들의 활로를 모색해야 하는 상황에 처했다. 여진 번호의 향배 문제는 조선과 건주여진은 물론 그 後身에 해당하는 後金과 淸의 중요한 외교적 현안 가운데 하나였다. ‘와르카(Warka)’로 통칭된 두만강 유역 번호에 대한 管屬 문제는 후금 시기에 이르러 쇄환 요구 형태로 변화하여 1644년 청의 順治帝가 이를 면제해줄 때까지 계속되었다. 선조대 말 두만강 상류에서 발생한 조선과 건주여진의 외교적 갈등은 도르기 비라의 여진 번호 로툰의 거취와 관련되어 있었으며, 양측의 무력 충돌은 그 시작점이었다. 이 글에서는 도르기 비라에 세거해온 로툰이 건주여진으로 귀부하게 되는 배경을 제시하고, 건주여진의 누르하치가 개입한 이후 조선이 어떻게 대응했는지를 살펴보았다. 또 건주여진이 후금 시기인 1627년 조선을 침공하는 단계에 이르러서야 이때의 갈등 관계를 재론했던 원인이 무엇이었는지 밝히고자 하였다. 또 1600년 조선과 건주여진 사이에서 발생한 무력 충돌은 당시에 외교적 문제로 비화하지 않았지만 내부적으로는 양측의 관계에 균열을 일으킨 직접적인 계기의 하나였음을 규명하였다. 이는 여진 번호에 대한 인식 차에서 비롯된 조선과 후금, 청의 외교적 갈등이 건주여진 시기에 이미 배태되었음을 의미한다.

19세기 조선사행록(朝鮮使行錄)과 연행록(燕行錄) 비교 연구 -괴령의 「동사기사시략(東使紀事詩略)」과 홍순학의 「병인연행가(丙寅燕行歌)」를 중심으로

장정수 고려대학교 한국어문교육연구소 2020 고려대학교 한국어문교육연구소 학술발표논문집 Vol.2020 No.-

"眞空 中 「spacer」의 絶緣破壞電壓에 미치는 三重界面의 영향 "

張正秀 慶一大學校 1988 論文集 Vol.4 No.1

Results from observing prebreakdown current and measuring breakdown voltages for various triple junctions of Teflon spacer in vacuum, stressed by DC and 60[HZ]AC Voltages, are reported in this paper. Breakdown voltages of spacer with recessed electrodes in vacuum are increased 7[%]compared those with plane-paralled electrodes. According to the shapes of triple junctions,polarity effects are observed under DC voltages and breakdown voltages are closely related with electron emission and space charge by the observation of prebreakdown current waveforms.

高層建築物에 있어서 防火計劃과 그 避難對策에 對한 硏究

張釘洙 朝鮮大學校 工科大學 1973 論文集 Vol.2 No.-

The fire sets of large scale-buildings are in quite different phase from that of the past, and resulted in great loss of property and hundreds of people leading to death. Fires broken out in Korea became large scale ones since 1970, of which there was a world-recording dishonourable big fire of Dae-Yon Kak fire. The fire gave a shocking warning to the building industrial world in as well as abroad. Such fire is a great loss not only to the individuals, but also to our developing country. Therefore, the auther would like to urge here to establish new codes on fire prevention, along with the urban as well as building environmental control against fire.

장기신장률 저감을 위한 격자형 보강포 구조를 갖는 고무보 고무본체와 보호커버 체결 시공기술

장정수 대한토목학회 2016 대한토목학회지 Vol.64 No.9

Lidocaine, Tetracaine 및 Bupivacaine이 백서 배양 심근세포에 미치는 세포독성에 관한 연구

장정수,최민규,오재민,김종영,정연태 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 1994 圓光醫科學 Vol.10 No.1-2

In an attempt to evaluate the cytotoxicity for lidocaine, tetracaine and bupivacaine, beating rates, tetrazolium MTT and lactate dehydrogenase activity were investigated in the medium containing the local anesthetic drugs for 24 hours after the neonatal rat myocardial cells were cultured for 72 hours. Light and electron microscopic studies were also carried out. The results were as follows: 1. Beating rates decreased dose-dependently. and beating myocardial cells were not observed at 10^-3M concentration of tetracaine and bupivacaine, and also beating activities were not recovered after 24hrs. 2. MTT_50 values were 995 μM in tetracaine and 983 μM in bupivacaine. 3. The amount of lactate dehydrogenase released into the medium at 10^-3M concentration were 123% in lidocaine, 156% in tetracaine and 182% in bupivacaine compared with control cells. 4. In the light microscopy, myocardial cells were decreased in number dosede-pendently, and showed a few cytoplasmic processes at 10^-3 M concentration of tetracaine and bupivacaine. 5. In electron microscopy, myocardial cells treated with tetracaine and bupivacaine showed destructed mitochondria and many dense bodies. These results suggest that high concentration of tetracaine and bupivacaine (10^-3M) induce remarkable toxicity compared with lidocaine on the cultured rat myocardial cells.

고층아파트의 일조권에 관한 연구

장정수 조선대학교 환경연구소 2000 環境硏究 Vol.16 No.1

This study is to improve the physiological and social enviornment from the visual and mental oppressive feeling, sunshine and viewing of many-storied apartment houses, gets the degree and area of sun shadow to evaluate the sunshine environment with L.D apartment complex at Sangmu New Downtown, Kwangju, analyzes the sunshine enviornment of the areas, analyzes the visual obstacle according to the length and depth of apartment building by calculating the visual angle of each building and then the following results are obtained. (1) The area of sun shadow of many-storied apartment house is greatly influenced by the length, height and depth of apartment and although the pitch of building is appropriate within the distance regulated by Construction Law, the sunshine enviornment is not always good and the building should be arranged not to produce multiple sun shadows. (2) Since the pitch of building for securing the right to sunshine has the permanent sun shadow in low story of the building due to the multiple sun shadow of the adjacent buildings, it is desirable that the right to sunshine is secured by the regulation ofazimuth angle and the consideration of the right to sunshine. (3) The current Construction Law regulates that all residences should have the height less than that of securing the continous duration of sunshine over fixed hours between 09:00 and 15:00 based on winter solstice prescribed by each local construction regulations, but the development and application of evaluation methods for the security of sunshine are required by considering the azimuth angle and altitude of the sun and the whole amount of sunshine of each area. (4) As a result of analyzing the visual obstacle according to the depth and length of apartment building by obtaining the visual angle of each building, the depth of apartment building is 10∼12M, the depth of the building : the length of the building is calculated as 1:5 in obtaining the visual obstacle angle within the maximum 27˚ on the axis of the line connecting the center of building and then the appropirate length of the building is 50∼60M.

Organic ultra thin film의 누적과 gas sensor 특성

장정수 경일대학교 산업기술연구소 1993 産業技術硏究所 論文集 Vol.3 No.-

In this paper, lipid LB films such as cholesterol and phoisphatidyl choline were deposited up to 31 layers on the surface of AT-cut quartz crystal mocrobalance by vertical dipping method and horizontal lifting method. ?-A characteristics and deposition status were evaluated by using deposition ratio and SEM. For the films of various layers, the performances as gas sensor were investigated from the frequency response of methyl alcohol and action gas. The results are as follows. (1) Cholesterol's surface pressure is about 30[dyne/cm] and limiting area is about 50[A/mol;ecule]. Phosphatidyl choline's surface pressure is about 15-25[dyne/cm] and limiting area is about 60-80[A/molecule]. (2) The deposition status of LB films can be evaluated from the frequency shift which is proportional to the mass of deposited layers. (3) The higher concentration of methyl alcohol and aceton gas become and the more number layers become, the better frequency response and reappreance are obtained. According to the above results, QCM which was deposited with LB films in this experiment is applicable to the gas sensor.

스테아린산 감응성막의 유기가스 반응 및 전기, 온도 특성

장정수 경일대학교 산업기술연구소 1999 産業技術硏究所 論文集 Vol.6 No.-

The sensitive LB films using stearic acid, one of fatty acid, which was fabricated by langmuir-Blodgett(LB) method. Then, the deposition, temperature, and organic a gas response characteristics with respect to different distance of electrode for horizontal direction of sensitive LB films were investigated. The results for this study were revealed as followings : The optimal deposition condition to deposit the sensitive films was obtained from π-A isotherms and the deposition status of sensitive films was verified by the measurement of deposition ratio, UV-absorbance, and electrical properties. The conductivity of sensitive films was about 10-8[S]㎝]. The activation energy for sensitive film with respect to variation of temperature was about 1.0[eV], which was correspond to semiconductor material. The response characteristics for organic gas were confirmed by measuring the response time, recovery time, and reproducibility of the sensitive films to each organic gas. Also, the penetration and absorption behavior of gas molecule were confirmed through the organic gas response characteristics of sensitive films with respect to temperature.

메틸렌기를 포함하는 지방산계 LB막의 전기ㆍ유전 특성

張正秀 慶一大學校 1999 論文集 Vol.16 No.5

We have investigated the dielectric and electrical characteristics of palmitic acid(PA), stearic acid(SA) and arachidic acid(AA) Langmuir-Blodgett(LB) films because these fatty acid systems have a same hydrophilic group and a different hydrophobic one(methylene group or alkyl chain length). In this work, fatty acid systems were used as LB films and the status of the deposited films was confirmed by evaluating the transfer ratio, the UV absorption and the capacitance. The dielectric characteristics such as the frequency-capacitance characteristics and the dielectric dispersion and absorption characteristics of PA, SA and AA through-plane were measured. The relative dielectric constants of PA, SA, and AA LB films were about 3.0-3.6, 2.7-3.2 and 2.4-3.0, respectively. That is, the relative dielectric constants were decreased in proportion to the chain length of methylene group. Also, the dielectric dispersion and absorption of each fatty acid Lb films have arisen from spontaneous polarization of dipole polarization in the range of 10⁴ - 10?[Hz]. And, the conductivity of PA, SA and AA LB films obtained from I-V characteristics were about 9 ×10?, 3 ×10? and 5 ×10?[S/cm], respectively. These results have shown the insulating materials and could control the conductivity by changing the length of methylene group. Also, we have confirmed that the barrier height of fatty acid systems were about 1.32 - 1.40[eV]and the dielectric constant were about 3.0 - 4.2. These values were almost the smae ones obtained from dielectric characteristics.