형태학과 문자의 모양을 이용한 뉴스 비디오에서의 자동 문자 추출

장인영,고병철,김길천,변혜란,Jang, In-Young,Ko, Byoung-Chul,Kim, Kil-Cheon,Byun, Hye-Ran 한국정보과학회 2002 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지 Vol.16 No.2

최근 들어 인터넷 사용의 증가와 더불어 디지털 비디오의 수요 또한 급격히 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 따라서 디지털 비디오 데이타베이스의 인덱싱을 위한 자동화된 도구가 필요하게 되었다. 디지털비디오 영상에 인위적으로 삽입되어진 문자와 배경에 자연적으로 포함되어진 배경문자 등의 문자 정보는 이러한 비디오 인덱싱을 위한 중요한 단서가 되어질 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 뉴스 비디오의 정지 영상에서 뉴스 자막과 배경 문자를 추출하기 위한 새로운 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 알고리즘은 다음과 같이 세 단계로 구성된다. 첫 번째 전처리 단계에서는 입력된 컬러 영상을 명도 영상으로 변환하고, 히스토그램 스트레칭을 적용하여 영상의 수준을 향상시킨다. 이 영상에 적응적 임계값 추출에 의한 분할 방법을 수정 적용하여 영상을 분할한다. 두 번째 단계에서는 적응적 이진화가 적용된 결과 영상에 모폴로지 연산을 적절하게 사용하여, 우선 문자 영역은 아니면서 문자로 판단되기 쉬운 양의 오류(false-positive) 요소들이 강조되어 남아있는 영상을 만든다. 또한, 변형된 이진화 결과 영상에 모폴로지 연산과 본 논문에서 제안한 기하학적 보정(Geo-corrertion) 필터링 방법을 적용하여 문자와 문자로 판단되기 쉬운 요소들이 모두 강조되어 남아있는 영상을 만든다. 이 두 영상의 차를 구함으로서 찾고자 하는 문자 요소들이 주로 남고, 문자가 아닌 문자처럼 보이는 오류 요소들은 대부분 제거된 결과 영상을 만든다. 문자로 판단되는 양의 오류 영역들을 남기는데 사용된 모폴로지 연산은 3$\times$3 크기의 구조 요소를 갖는 열림과 (열림닫힘+닫힘열림)/2 이며, 문자 및 문자와 유사한 요소들을 남기는데 사용된 연산은 (열림닫힘+닫힘열림)/2와 기하학적 보정이다. 세 번째 검증 단계에서는 전체 영상 화소수 대비 각 후보 문자 영역의 화소수 비율, 각 후보 문자 영역의 전체 화소수 대비 외곽선의 화소수 비율, 각 외곽 사각형의 폭 대 높이간의 비율 등을 고려하여 비문자로 판단되는 요소들을 제거한다. 임의의 300개의 국내 뉴스 영상을 대상으로 실험한 결과 93.6%의 문자 추출률을 얻을 수 있었다. 또한, 본 논문에서 제안한 방법으로 국외 뉴스, 영화 비디오 등의 영상에서도 좋은 추출을 보임을 확인할 수 있었다. In recent years the amount of digital video used has risen dramatically to keep pace with the increasing use of the Internet and consequently an automated method is needed for indexing digital video databases. Textual information, both superimposed and embedded scene texts, appearing in a digital video can be a crucial clue for helping the video indexing. In this paper, a new method is presented to extract both superimposed and embedded scene texts in a freeze-frame of news video. The algorithm is summarized in the following three steps. For the first step, a color image is converted into a gray-level image and applies contrast stretching to enhance the contrast of the input image. Then, a modified local adaptive thresholding is applied to the contrast-stretched image. The second step is divided into three processes: eliminating text-like components by applying erosion, dilation, and (OpenClose+CloseOpen)/2 morphological operations, maintaining text components using (OpenClose+CloseOpen)/2 operation with a new Geo-correction method, and subtracting two result images for eliminating false-positive components further. In the third filtering step, the characteristics of each component such as the ratio of the number of pixels in each candidate component to the number of its boundary pixels and the ratio of the minor to the major axis of each bounding box are used. Acceptable results have been obtained using the proposed method on 300 news images with a recognition rate of 93.6%. Also, my method indicates a good performance on all the various kinds of images by adjusting the size of the structuring element.

산-염기형 PEEK와 PSf를 이용한 고체 고분자전해질 복합막의 가교화

장인영,장두영,권오환,김경언,황갑진,심규성,배기광,강안수,Jang, In-Young,Jang, Doo-Young,Kwon, Oh-Hwan,Kim, Kyoung-Eon,Hwang, Gab-Jin,Sim, Kyu-Sung,Bae, Ki-Kwang,Kang, An-Soo 한국수소및신에너지학회 2006 한국수소 및 신에너지학회논문집 Vol.17 No.2

Hydrogen as new energy sources is highly efficient and have very low environmental emissions. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is an emerging technology that can meet these demands. Therefore, the preparation of stable polymeric membranes with good proton conductivity and durability are very important for hydrogen production via water electrolysis with PEM at medium temperature above $80^{\circ}C$. Currently Nafion of Dupont and Aciflex of Asahi, etc., solid polymer electrolytes of perfluorosulfonic acid membrane, are the best performing commercially available polymer electrolytes. However, these membrane have several flaws including its high cost, and its limited operational temperature above $80^{\circ}C$. Because of this, significant research efforts have been devoted to the development of newer and cheaper membranes. In order to make up for the weak points and to improve the mechanical characteristics with cross -linking, acid-base complexes were prepared by the combination PSf-co-PPSS-$NH_2$ with PEEK-$SO_3H$. The results showed that the proton conductivity decreased in 17.6% and 40% but tensile strength increased in 78% and 98%, about $20.65\;{\times}\;10^6N/m^2$, in comparison with SBPSf/HPA and SPEEK/HPA complex membrane.

BMI 수준별 노인여성의 무릎관절 등속성 근력의 비교

장인영(Jang, In-Young),유동훈(Yoo, Dong-Hoon) 한국체육과학회 2020 한국체육과학회지 Vol.29 No.6

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristic analysis of knee joint isokinetic muscular strength according to BMI (body mass index) in elderly women. The eighty-six elderly women over 65 ages involved voluntary in this study. They were separated normal (18.5~22.9 ㎏/㎡, n=14), overweight (23~24.9 ㎏/㎡, n=16), class 1 obesity (25~29.9 ㎏/㎡, n=34), class 2 obesity group (30~34.9 ㎏/㎡, n=22) by BMI. The data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and Scheffe post-hoc. The results of our study are as follows : 1) Peak torque at 60°/sec was the highest in the overweight group and the lowest in the class 2 obesity group. Peak torque % body weight showed similar trends in the normal and overweight groups, followed by the class 1 obesity group and the class 2 obesity group. 2) Peak torque at 180°/sec was higher in the class 1 obesity group than the class 2 obesity group in the left extensor and right flexors. Peak torque % body weight was found to be higher in the normal weight group, the overweight group, and the class 1 obesity group than in the class 2 obesity group in all variables. 3) The hamstrings/quadriceps ratio showed significant differences between groups in all variables, and the bilateral muscle strength ratio did not show any significant difference between groups. In conclusion, It was found that if the WHO obesity standard of 30 ㎏/㎡, not the Asian obesity standard of 25 ㎏/㎡, had a negative effect on the lower limb muscle strength.

실업팀 씨름선수의 상해에 관한 연구

김대욱 ( Kim Dae Wook ),장인영 ( Jang In Young ),허유섭 ( Huh Yu Sub ) 경남대학교 교육문제연구소 2016 敎育理論과 實踐 Vol.25 No.-

This study investigate on injury inflicted during exercise on employment team ssrreum players who are currently engaged in the spore as of 2016. For data analysis, frequency analysis was carried out in order to identify social demographic characteristic. Through the application of research methods and procedures prescribed above, differences and relations among each variable such as period, time and season, place, Treatment period causes of injury were analyzed. injury period were winter training, training camp, summer training, joint training, and event of a game, the most high in the winter training period. injury time were afternoon, morning, evening and dawn, the most high in the afternoon. injury season were winter, summer, autumn and spring, the most high in the winter. injury places were practice ground, camp ground, school ground, and event ground, the most high in the practice ground. exercise injury treatment and recovery period were in the 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 3 months, the most high in the 4weeks. exercise injury treatment method were in the oriental medcine clinic, medical care, chiropractic therapy, and one of himself, the most high in the oriental medcine clinic. The Ssirum was a game played by their opponents, the body contact sport injuries in the nature of the events likely to cause. In the case of a higher level of technology becoming major drag on their game because of high frequency of occurrence of injury.

확산 모형을 이용한 줄기 세포 기술의 수명 주기 분석

장인영(In-young Jang),홍정식(Jungsik Hong),김태구(Taegu Kim) 대한산업공학회 2015 대한산업공학회지 Vol.41 No.5

케틀벨 트레이닝이 중학교 남자 축구선수들의 신체조성, 하지 등속성 근력 및 무산소성 파워에 미치는 영향

장인영(Jang, In-Young),유동훈(Yoo, Dong-Hoon),송창훈(Song, Chang-Hun),허유섭(Huh, Yu-Sub) 한국체육과학회 2018 한국체육과학회지 Vol.27 No.6

The purpose of this research is to determine the effects of kettlebell training on body composition, lower extremity isokinetic muscle function and anaerobic power of male middle school soccer players. In the experiment, the subjects exercised with 8kg kettlebells three times a week over the period of eight weeks. The number of sets and reps increased every two weeks. The results of this research is as follows: 1) After eight weeks of kettlebell training, participants’ body fat was meaningfully reduced (p<.05) and their fat-free mass meaningfully increased (p<.01). 2) After eight weeks of kettlebell training, the strength of extensor muscle meaningfully improved on the left side while that of flexor muscle showed a meaningful increase on both sides in lower extremity isokinetic muscle function test at 180°/sec (p<.05, p<.01). In a muscular endurance test at 240°/sec, only the flexor muscle meaningfully improved on both sides (p<.05, p<.001). 3) After eight weeks of kettlebell training, anaerobic power capacity measured by a Wingate test meaningfully improved only at the minimum power(p<.05). In conclusion, the eight weeks of kettlebell training given to the male middle school soccer player is considered to have positive effects on their body composition, lower extremity isokinetic muscle function and anaerobic power capacity. That is attributable to the fact that repeated weight lifting with kettlebells reduced body fat while increasing muscle mass, thereby improving the strength and anaerobic power of active muscle. It indicates that repeated kettlebell exercise can make an effective training program for ball game players such as soccer players for whom lower extremity muscle strength is critical.

유아 대상 생태교육 관련 용어에 대한 교원의 인식

이일주(Lee, Yil-Ju),장인영(Jang, In-Young) 한국열린유아교육학회 2013 열린유아교육연구 Vol.18 No.5

본 연구는 유아 대상 생태교육 관련 용어 통일을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하기 위해 유아교육 현장에서 근무하는 원장 및 교사 302명을 대상으로 생태교육 관련 용어에 대한 인식을 조사하였다. 연구결과 유아교사들은 ‘자연’이란 용어는 동양적 가치관인 일원론적인 자연관에 근거한 개념으로 인식하고 있었고, ‘환경’이란 용어는 ‘자연친화로서의 환경’으로 인식하고 있었다. 그 외에 ‘생태’, ‘생명’이라는 용어는 서양적 가치관인 이원론적인 자연관에 근거한 개념으로 인식하고 있었다. ‘생태교육’ 의미를 ‘자연과의 교감을 통하여 인간이 자연 속의 모든 생명체와 공존하며 살아감을 알려주는 교육’이라는 응답 277명(91.7%)로 가장 높게 나왔다. 생태교육에 가장 적합하다고 생각하는 용어가 무엇이라고 생각하는지에 대한 응답은 ‘자연친화 유아교육’ 100명(33.1%), ‘유아생태교육’ 73명(24.2%), ‘생태유아교육’ 40명(13.2%), ‘숲체험유아교육’ 38명(12.6%), ‘생명존중교육’ 20명(6.6%), ‘생태중심 유아교육’ 16명(5.3%), ‘환경친화유아교육’ 12명(4.%), 기타 3명(1.0%)순이었다. 이 결과는 생태교육 관련 학위논문 제목을 분석하여 ‘자연친화유아교육’이 가장 많이 사용되었다고 한 선행연구 결과와도 일치한다. 특이한 점은 학위논문에서는 사용되지 않았던 ‘유아생태교육’이라는 용어에 대해서 유아교육현장의 교원들은 들어본 경험이 가장 많았으며, 생태교육 관련 용어로 적합한 용어 선호도에 있어서도 두 번째로 높았다. 본 연구에서는 유아교육기관의 교원들은 생태교육 관련 용어마다 혼돈된 자연관을 가지고 있었으며, 약간의 선호도 차이가 있을 뿐 여전히 생태교육 관련 용어의 개념을 명확하게 구분하지 않고 사용하고 있었다. 따라서 향후 유아대상의 생태교육 관련 용어에 대한 정의와 의미를 통일시켜 나아감으로써 유아 대상 생태교육의 정체성을 확립할 필요가 있다. To provide the preliminary data for standardization of terminologies, we surveyed the awareness of 302 teachers working at kindergartens and daycare centers. According to the survey, the teachers perceived the terms “nature” and “environment” as representing a monistic view of nature by oriental values. They perceived the terms “ecology” and “life” as representing a dualistic view of nature according to Western values. The greatest consensus (91.7%) concerned the meaning of ecology education as being one that taught the coexistence of human beings with all living organisms in nature through communication with nature. Regarding the appropriate terminology for ecology education, the teachers most highly responded to “nature-friendly early childhood education” (33.1%), followed by “early childhood ecology education” (24.2%), “eco-early childhood education” (13.2%), “forest experience early childhood education” (12.6%), “life respect education” (6.6%), “ecology centered early childhood education” (5.3%), and “environment-friendly early childhood education” (4.0%). This supports earlier research that found the most frequently used term was “nature-friendly early childhood education” in theses and dissertations in Korea. Interestingly, teachers of early childhood education heard most often “early childhood ecology education”, and secondly preferred as appropriate terminology for ecology education. On the other hand, they recognized the programs of early childhood education institution on ecology education that utilized different terminologies. This stems from the use of terminologies on ecology education that are in vague. Therefore, a standardization of the terminology is needed regarding ecology education for young children.

유아교육연구에서 생태교육 관련 용어 통일을 위한 기초 연구

이일주(Lee, Yil-Ju),장인영(Jang, In-Young) 한국열린유아교육학회 2012 열린유아교육연구 Vol.17 No.6

본 연구는 유아교육연구 중 생태교육연구에서 용어 통일을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하기 위해 1997년부터 2012년 2월까지 발표된 유아교육 연구 분야의 생태, 자연교육 관련 석?박사 학위논문 233편을 분석하였다. 연구결과 생태교육 용어는 크게 생태유아교육, 자연친화?자연체험?자연교육, 생태중심?생태지향?생태주의, 생명교육, 숲유치원, 생태+교과목, 기타로 분류할 수 있었으며 가장 많이 사용된 용어는 자연친화?자연체험?자연교육 66편(28.3%), 생태유아교육 52편(22.3%), 기타 47편(20.2%), 생태+교과목 37편(15.9%), 생태중심?생태지향?생태주의 교육이 16편(6.0%), 숲유치원 9편(3.9%), 생명교육 6편(2.6%) 순이었다. 한편 생태교육 관련 용어에 따른 논문의 발표연도, 논문유형, 연구유형, 연구내용, 연구대상, 연구자 전공에서는 논문유형을 제외하고 모두 차이를 보였다. 이 결과 유아교육연구에서 생태교육 관련 연구의 특징은 생태유아교육, 자연친화교육, 자연체험교육, 생태지향 교육, 생태중심 교육, 생태주의 교육, 생태체험교육 등 유사한 용어들의 차이점에 대한 설명 없이 다양하게 사용하는 경향이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 논문 제목에 사용된 용어와 본문에 사용된 용어가 불일치하는 연구도 많았는데 이런 현상은 연구자들도 생태관련 용어들에 관하여 개념을 명확하게 구분하지 않기 때문에 발생하는 것이다. 따라서 향후 유아교육연구에서 생태교육 관련 용어를 사용할 때는 본 연구에서 제시한 용어 정의 분류에 따라 그 의미를 통일시켜 나아감으로써 학문적 정체성을 확립할 필요가 있다. In order to provide the preliminary data for standardization of terminologies in ecology education, we analyzed 233 theses of masters and doctors degree on ecology education from 1997 to 2012 (Feb.) in Korea. The Terminologies for ecology education in the theses were classified as ‘eco-early childhood education’, ‘nature-friendly, nature experience, nature education’, ‘ecology centered, ecology oriented, ecological education’, ‘life education’, ‘forest-kindergarten’, ‘ecology + a subject’ and the others. The most frequently used terms were ‘nature-friendly, nature experience, nature education’(28.3%), ‘eco-early childhood education’(22.3%), ‘ecology + a subject’(15.9%), ‘ecology centered, ecology oriented, ecological education’(6.0%), ‘forest-kindergarten’(3.9%), ‘life education’(2.6%), and the others(20.2%). In case of ecology centered and ecology oriented education, regardless of using the terms in the title, the word of eco-early childhood education was mostly used in the text, and follow the ideals of education and contents of it. The correlation shows significant differences in year, research type, research contents, research objects and researcher"s major except for thesis type. Like this, it tends to use the terms having similar meaning without verification of eco-early childhood education, nature-friendly education and nature experience education, etc. Some theses were found not to correspond with the title and the text in terminology. It derived from the not-clear terminology. Further studies are needed on the cognition of ecology education specialists and on-site teachers for standardization of the terminologies in the future.

케틀벨 프로그램이 중학교 축구선수들의 체력 및 폐기능에 미치는 영향

박현호(Park, Hyun-Ho),장인영(Jang, In-Young),이경렬(Lee, Kyoung-Yul),허유섭(Huh, Yu-Sub) 한국체육과학회 2020 한국체육과학회지 Vol.29 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Kettlebell program on the physical composition, physical fitness, and pulmonary function in middle school soccer players. The subjects were 16 boys’ middle school soccer players, consisting of control group (n=8) and experimental group (n=8). The exercise program was conducted for 8 weeks, 3 times a week, and 60 minutes once. The 8 ㎏ kettlebell was used to gradually increase the number of sets and the number of sets every two weeks. The data analysis was performed using by 2-way (RM)ANOVA, and paired t-test. The results are as follows. Body composition has an interaction effect at the abdominal fat rate, and post-hoc has a significantly decreased in the exercise group(p<.05), and fat free mass, body fat, body fat rates did not interaction effects. Physical fitness has an interaction effect at the agility, and post-hoc has a significantly decreased in the exercise group(p<.05). and flexibility, grip strength, back strength, quickness, balance, drawing distance did not interaction effects. Pulmonary capacity has an interaction effect at the EVC1, and post-hoc has a significantly increased in the exercise group(p<.05), and FEV1, MVV did not interaction effects. In conclusion, 8-week kettlebell training showed the positive effects on abdominal fat percentage, agility, EVC1 in middle school soccer players.

5세 누리과정과 2009개정 초등학교 1-2학년군 교육과정의 생태교육 연계성 분석

이일주(Yil Ju Lee),장인영(In Young Jang) 한국열린유아교육학회 2014 열린유아교육연구 Vol.19 No.4

본 연구는 생태교육의 유아·초등 연계 교육을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하기 위하여 5세 누리과정과 2009개정 초등학교 1-2학년군 통합교과의 교사용 지도서를 대상으로 생태교육 내용과 연계성을 분석하였다· 5세 누리과정 교사용 지도서의 주제와 초등학교 1-2학년군 통합교과 주제 성취기준의 연계성을 분석한 결과 전체적으로는 생태교육 관련 누리과정의 68개의 소주제 중에서 25개(36·8%)가 초등학교 1-2학년군과 연계되어 생태교육 내용의 연계성이 낮음을 알 수 있었다· 따라서 교육부와 시·도교육청의 유치원과 초등학교 1-2학년군의 교육과정과 교사용 지도서 공동 개발, 지역교육지원청 단위 생태유아교육 자료 및 교육기관 공유, 유치원과 초등학교 1, 2학년 담당교사 생태교육 공동연수 등의 방안으로 생태교육의 유아·초등교육 연계성을 제고할 필요가 있다. To provide basic data for articulation of kindergarten-elementary school in ecological education, we analyzed the articulation of a teacher``s guidebook in the Nuri curriculum for 5-year-olds and for the 1st-2nd grade unified course of elementary school revised in 2009. According to an analysis of the Nuri curriculum for 5-year-olds out of 582 activities, 244 activities(41.9%) were ‘nature inquiry section’, 131(22.5%) were ‘communication’, 86(14.8%) were ‘art experience’, 66(11.3%) were ‘social relation’, 55(9.5%) were ‘body exercise.health’. Also, out of 271 activities for ecological education 77 activities (28.4%) included of ‘animal.plant and nature’, 77(28.4%) were ‘spring.summer.autumn.winter’, 73(27.0%) were ‘environment and life’. Analysis of the activity pattern showed that 150 activities(55.1%) were ‘large and small group activity’, 109(40.1%) were ‘free choice activities, and 13(4.8%) were ‘outdoor activities’. Analysis for activities in the teacher``s guidebook for 1st-2nd grade unified course of elementary school, 37 activities (31.9%) were ‘pleasant life’, 37(31.9%) were ‘wise life’, and 25(21.5%) were ‘righteous life’. By the subjects of the unified course, out of 108 activities of ecological education 41 activities(38.0%) were ‘spring’, 32(29.7%) were ‘summer’, 15(13.9%) were ‘autumn’ and 14(13.0%) were ‘winter’. On the other hand, as a result of analysis for the articulation of subjects accomplishment standard between the Nuri curriculum for 5-year-olds and the 1st-2nd grade unified course, the Nuri curriculum for 5-year-olds out of 68 sub-subjects for ecological education, 25(36.8%) were accomplished. The analysis shows low articulation between both curriculums. Therefore, it is necessary to raise the articulation of kindergarten-elementary school in ecological education by the cooperation development of curriculum and teacher``s guidebooks with the Ministry of Education and the city.province office of education, sharing education materials and education institutes in regional units, and co-training of kindergarten and elementary school about ecological education.