양식넙치 ( Paralichthys olivaceus ) 의 생리조건에 미치는 연속적인 수온 급강하의 영향

장영진(Young Jin Chang),이복규(Bok Kyu Lee),강덕영(Duk Young Kang),박명룡(Myong Ryong Park) 한국수산과학회 1999 한국수산과학회지 Vol.32 No.5

Physiological responses of cultured olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) on lowering seawater temperature sharply and continuously were studied with 4 experiments of temperature changes (Exp.I∼IV). In Exp.I, the temperature was decreased from 18℃ to 9℃ by the rate of 1℃/hr, threafter back to the initial temperature after 5 day. With the same conditions of temperature rate and 5 days interval, the temperature changes for Exp.II, III and IV were 20℃ to 17℃, 23℃ to 14℃ and 23℃ to 17℃, respectively. Serum cortisol and glucose were measured during whole experiments. Hematocrit (Ht), hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were measured in the Exp.I, and osmolality, electrolytes (Na^+, Cl^-, K^+, Ca^(2+)), total protein, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of serum, in Exp.II∼IV. Serum cortisol levels were significantly increased by the lowering temperature sharply during whole experiments, while serum glucose levels were increased only in Exp.III and IV. Ht, RBC and Hb were decreased as the water temperature was lowered, but MCHC was increased. The serum osmolality was reduced and the unstable changes of electrolytes were shown by the changes of seawater temperature. No significant changes in total protein, ALT and AST activity were observed.

수온과 광주기에 의한 볼락 ( Sebastes inermis ) 의 번식주기 조절

고창순(Chang Soon Ko),장영진(Young Jin Chang),임한규(Han Kyu Lim),김종현(Jong Hyun Kim),조기채(Kee Chae Cho) 한국수산과학회 1998 한국수산과학회지 Vol.31 No.5

Experiments on the control of rockfish, Sebastes inermis reproduction were performed by artificially changed water temperature (WT) and photoperiod (PP). The experiments were divided into three conditions; artificial changes of both WT and PP delayed two months against their natural variations (Exp.I), natural WT and PP replaced with artificial light (Exp.II) and natural WT and PP (Exp.III) from September to April (220 days). Initial gonadosomatic index (GSI) in female groups of experiments was 0.2. Female GSI of responded group in Exp.I began to increase from December and reached the highest value in February with 15.0, while the unresponded group kept the lower value during the experimental period. Female GSI of Exp.II and Exp.III reached the highest values in January with 13.0 and 14.7, respectively. Male GSI of Exp.I reached the maximum in October, and that of Exp.II and III reached the maximum in November and then rapidly decreased. Among the experimental groups, male GSI did not show the different tendency. Monthly changes of hepatosomatic index in both sexes showed the reciprocal tendency with those of GSI. The control of WT and PP did not affect on the changes of HSI and condition factor of rockfish. From the histological observations, maturation of ovary was delayed by the changes of WT and PP, but that of testis was not influenced. Judging from the above results, the maturation and parturition of female rockfish could be delayed one or two months by artificial changes of WT and PP.

수온의 급하강과 급상승이 넙치 ( Paralichthys olivaceus ) 와 쥐노래미 ( Hexagrammos otakii ) 에 미치는 스트레스

장영진(Young Jin Chang),허준욱(Jun Wook Hur),임한규(Han Kyu Lim),이종관(Jong Kwan Lee) 한국수산과학회 2001 한국수산과학회지 Vol.34 No.2

1회성의 수온급변 실험으로서 크게 2가지 형태의 수온변화 조건을 주었다: 20℃로부터 시간당 2℃씩 수온을 떨어뜨려 10℃까지 (소요시간 5시간) 낮춘 다음, 21시간 유지한 것 (Exp.I)과 20℃ 로부터 시간당 2℃씩 수온을 상승시켜 30℃까지 (소요시간 5시간) 올린 다음, 21시간 유지한 것 (Exp.II). 수온을 20℃로부터 10℃로 급격하게 낮춘 실험에서 실험어의 Ht는 넙치대 11.6±0.2∼15.5±0.1%, 넙치소 9.0±0.4∼13.5±2.0%, 쥐노래미 18.3±3.6∼23.2±3.8%의 범위로서 쥐노래미가 넙치에 비하여 높은 값을 나타냈다. 코티졸 농도는 넙치소에서 유의한 변화를 보이지 않은 반면, 넙치대와 쥐노래미에서 실험개시시에 각각 5.2±8.5 ng/mL, 2.7±0.4 ng/mL였던 것이 10℃ 하강시에 각각 164.0±53.1 ng/mL, 207.9±25.4 ng/mL로 크게 높아졌다. 젖산은 넙치대에서는 실험개시시에 비해 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 넙치소와 쥐노래미에서 개시시 보다 낮아져 글루코스 농도의 변화와 비슷하였다. 수온을 20℃로부터 30℃로 급격하게 높인 Exp.II에서 실험어의 Hb 변화는 모든 어종에서 수온급상승에 따라 약간 높아지는 경향을 보이다가 실험개시시의 수준으로 회복되었다. 쥐노래미에서는 수온급변에 따라 MCV는 상승하는 반면, MCHC는 하강하였다. 넙치대·소의 코티졸 농도는 Exp.I의 결과와 같이 큰 변화를 나타내지 않았다. 그러나 쥐노래미에서는 실험개시시의 2.7±0.2ng/mL로부터 44.7±9.1ng/mL로 높아졌다. 글루코스 농도는 모든 어종에서 실험개시시 보다 높아져 Exp, I결과와는 반대되는 경향을 나타냈다. The effects of sudden changes of water temperature (WT) on the stress response and physiological change of the cultured olive flounder in large (FL) and small (FS) size, and fat cod (FC) were examined by manipulating WT (2 types) in a flow through seawater culture system with 6 tanks (water vol. 270 L/tank). The WT was decreased from 20℃ to 10℃ within 5 hours (2℃/hour) and maintained at 10℃ for 21 hours (Exp. I ), and it was raised from 20℃ to 30℃ within 5 hours and maintained at 30℃ for 21 hours (Exp.II ). In Exp. I, the levels of blood hematocrit at 5 hours (10℃) in FS was significantly decreased from 13.5±2.0% to 11.3±2.3%, but FC at 2.5 hours (15℃) (19.0±0.3% to 23.2±3.8%) was increased. The blood hemoglobin concentration of all fish in Exp. II was significantly increased until 8 hours after raising WT from 20℃ to 30℃. In Exp. I and II, the levels of plasma cortisol in FL, FS and FC was changed from 5.2±8.5 ng/mL, 4.4±4.5 ng/mL and 2.7±0.4 ng/mL, respectively, before sudden drop and rise of WT. The levels of plasma cortisol of in FL (164.0±53.1 ng/mL) and FC (207.9±25.4 ng/mL) were significantly increased by the lowering WT sharply during whole experiment. The FL (12.6±2.0 ng/mL) and FS (4.0±3.9 ng/mL) showed no significant differences in cortisol level according to sudden rise of WT (5 hours). But it in FC (44.7±18.2 ng/mL) was increased. In Exp. I, the plasma glucose levels of all fish groups were decreased after 5 hours (10℃). The plasma lactic acid concentration of FL and FS showed no significant differences until S hours after raising WT from 20℃ to 30℃. But it in FC was significantly increased with WT raise.

급격한 염분변화에 따른 수온별 참전복( Haliotis discus hannai) 치패의생존율 및 체성분 변화

정민환 ( Min Hwan Jeong ),김성희 ( Seong Hee Kim ),박미선 ( Mi Seon Park ),김강웅 ( Kang Woong Kim ),장영진 ( Young Jin Chang ),명정인 ( Jeong In Myeong ) 한국수산과학회 2013 한국수산과학회지 Vol.46 No.5

Physiological studies on the salinity tolerance with respect to survival rate and body composition changes of the abalone Haliotis discus hannai were conducted by rapidly changing the salinity in an indoor rearing system. The survival rate of the control (35 psu), 30 and 25 psu groups at 15℃ was 100%. The survival rate of the 20 psu group was 35±5.0%. Survival rate of the 15 psu group was 0%. At 15℃ and 35, 30, 25, 20, 15 psu, the moisture contents of abalone muscle were 82.1±0.7, 82.5±0.7, 84.9±0.5, 86.9±0.3 and 86.6±0.4%, respectively. Crude lipid contents were 0.47±0.03, 0.47±0.03, 0.47±0.09, 0.77±0.09 and 0.63±0.03%, respectively and crude ash contents were 1.30±0.12,1.33±0.15, 1.13±0.23, 1.87±0.15 and 1.40±0.31%, respectively. At salinity below 20 psu, these values increased compared with the control. The general components of abalone muscles significantly increased below 20 psu, while amino acid composition showed no significant difference with salinity and water temperature.

순환여과 사육시스템에서 급격한 염분변화에 따른 숭어 ( Mugil cephalus ) 와 틸라피아 ( Oreochromis niloticus ) 치어의 아가미 조직과 체성분 변화

허준욱(Jun Wook Hur),장영진(Young Jin Chang),강덕영(Duck Young Kang),이복규(Bok Kyu Lee) 한국수산과학회 2001 한국수산과학회지 Vol.34 No.1

염분변화에 따른 숭어와 틸라피아의 아가미 조직과 전어체의 일반성분을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 사육수의 염분조절은 담수로부터 1일만에 33‰의 해수가 되도록 사육수를 교환하였고, 이후 15일 후에 다시 담수로 사육수를 교환하여 15일간 담수로 유지하였다. 전 실험기간중 숭어의 아기미 조직상은 별다른 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 틸라피아는 염분상승에 따른 조직의 손상이 관찰되었으며, 해수 2일째에는 아가미 2차새변 (gill lamella)의 모세혈관들이 응혈 (bloodclot)되고 새변이 중첩되는 조직상을 보였다. 염분이 상승함에 따라 숭어의 아가미 염류세포는 개구부 (apical pit)가 뚜렷하였으며, 많은 수의 미토콘드리아를 가지고 있었다. 틸라피아에서는 실험개시시에는 염류세포 개구부가 거의 닫혀있는 형태를 나타냈으며, 미토콘드리아는 담수 보다 해수에서 증가되었다. 숭어 전어체의 수분 함량은 실험개시시 74.0±0.6%, 해수사육 15일째 73.6±0.5%, 담수사육 15일째 74.5±0.3%로 서로간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 틸라피아에서는 실험개시시 72.2±0.1%였다가 해수사육 2일째에는 70.2土0.2%로 유의하게 낮아졌다. 숭어의 전어체 단백질 함량은 실험개시시와 15일째 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 틸라피아의 지질 함량은 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 회분 함량은 차이를 나타냈다. Changes of gill tissue and body composition of grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by the manipulation of salinity were observed in a recirculating rearing system. Salinity was increased from 0‰ to 33‰ for 1 day and remained for 15 days, thereafter salinity was decreased from 33‰ to 0‰ for 1 day and remained for other 15 days. Any morphological differences of gill lamella in grey mullet were not observed in seawater and freshwater. However, on day 2 in exposure to seawater, Nile tilapia showed the edema and bloodclot in gill lamella. In the case of grey mullet, mitochondria and tubular system of chloride cell were more densely packed according to the salinity increase. The whole body of grey mullet showed no significant differences in moisture content during experimental period. However, moisture content in whole body of the Nile tilapia was significantly decreased when exposed to seawater. Protein content in whole body of grey mullet showed no significant difference between beginning and day 15 of the experiment.

조피볼락 ( Sebastes schlegeli ) 의 성숙 출산기에 있어서 갑상선 및 성 스테로이드 호르몬의 혈중 변화

강덕영(Duk Young Kang),장영진(Young Jin Chang),손영창(Young Chang Sohn) 한국수산과학회 1998 한국수산과학회지 Vol.31 No.4

Changes in plasma levels of thyroid and sex steroid hormones were examined during maturation and parturition periods in rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) cultured in net pens. Plasma L-thyroxine levels were 35.2±5.7ng/㎖(n=5; mean±sem) at vitellogenesis stage and then significantly decreased to 20.5±4.2ng/㎖ at parturition stage (P<0.05), and rapidly returned to high level, 44.9±7.2ng/㎖ at resting stage. Plasma 3,5,3`-triiodo-L-thyronine levels were 12.9±1.6ng/㎖ at vitellogenesis stage, but significantly decreased to 3.7±0.7ng/㎖ at ovulation stage (P<0.05) and increased to 52.9±7.0ng/㎖ at resting stage. Plasma estradiol-17β level showed the highest value(4.3±0.9ng/㎖) at vitellogenesis stage, but the level significantly decreased to 0.3±0.1ng/㎖ during parturition stage(P<0.05). In vitellogenesis and ovulation stages, plasma testosterone levels were 1.8±0.3ng/㎖ and 2.1±0.7ng/㎖, respectively, thereafter the level significantly decreased to 0.1±0.1ng/㎖ at parturition stage(P<0.05). These findings suggest thyroid hormones may have relation to maturation and parturition of mother rockfish.

황복(Takifugu obscurus) 정자의 냉동보존 및 해동정자의 수정능력

장영진(Young Jin Chang),임한규(Han Kyu Lim),장윤정(Yun Jeong Chang),김형선(Hyung Sun Kim) 한국수산과학회 양식분과 1999 韓國養殖學會誌 Vol.12 No.1

다슬기 ( Semisulcospira libertina libertina ) 의 상대성장과 보육낭 유생단계의 월별 조성

장영진(Young Jin Chang),장해진(Hae Jin Chang),김재준(Jae Jun Kim) 한국수산과학회 2001 한국수산과학회지 Vol.34 No.2

양산시 내원사 계곡에 서식하는 다슬기 (Semisulcospira libertina libertina)를 대상으로 상대성장과 보육낭내 유생조성을 조사 하였다. 조사한 다슬기의 총 개체수는 1,200마리였으며, 각고 (SH), 각경 (SD), 전중 (TW), 육중 (MW) 및 각중 (SW) (평균±표준편차)은 각각 15.96±3.41㎜, 7.82±1.38㎜, 0.55±0.31 g, 0.24±0.15g, 0.39±0.23g이었다. 각각의 상대성장식은 SD=0.3583 SH+2.1648 (R²=0.8345), TW= 0.0005SH^(2.4853) (R²=0.8953), MW =0.0004SH^(2.849) (R²=0.891), SW=0.0004SH^(2.3798) (R²=0.7057)였다. 다슬기는 연중 보육낭내 발생중인 유생을 갖고 있었으며, 유생수는 봄·여름에 감소하고 가을에 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 다슬기 암컷 1개체당 보육낭내의 평균 유생수는 11월에 396±86마리로 가장 많았으나, 7월에는 91±33마리로 가장 적은 수를 나타냈다. 보육낭내 유생의 발달단계별 조성에 있어서 trochophore는 5월에 66.7%, pre-veliger는 11월에 70.7%, veliger는 2월에 60.9%, juvenile은 1월에 13.9%로 가장 높은 값을 보였다. 출산 전 단계인 juvenile의 빈도는 3∼5월, 8∼11월에 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 이상의 조사결과에 따라, 다슬기의 출산성기는 3∼5월, 9∼10월의연 2회인 것으로 추정되었다. Relative growth and composition of larval development stages in brood pouch of the melanin snail, Semisulcospira libertina libertina were investigated based on monthly field samples for a year. Total number of specimens examined was 1,200. Size values (mean±S. D.) of shell height (SH), shell diameter (SD), total weight (TW), meat weight (MW) and shell weight (SW) were 15.96±3.41㎜, 7.82±1.38㎜, 0.55±0.31 g, 0.24±0.15 g and 0.39±0.23 g, respectively. Water temperature (WT) of the sampling site varied from 1.3℃ to 22.5℃. Relative growth equations among SH, SD, TW, MW and SW of S. libertina libertina specimens pooled were as follows: SD=0.3583SH+2.1648 (R²=0.8345), TW=0.0005SH^(2.4853) (R²=0.8391), MW=0.0005SH^(2.849) (R²=0.8391) and SW= 0.0004SH^(2.3798) (R²=0.7057). Female S. libertina liberdna had larvae in its brood pouch throughout the year. Average number of larvae in the brood pouch varied from 91±33 (July) to 396±174 (November), decreasing in spring and increasing in autumn. In the monthly composition of larval stage in the brood pouch, trochophore, pre-veliger, veliger and juvenile showed maximum as 66.7% in May, 70.7% in November, 60.9% in February and 13.9% in January, respectively. Percent composition of the juveniles decreased in spring and autumn. In conclusion, S. libertina libertina is likely to have two main parturition periods, March to May and September and October.

3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine(T3) 모체주사에 의한 조피볼락 ( Sebastes schlegeli ) 혈중 , 알 및 난황난 자어의 갑상선 호르몬 농도 변화

장영진(Young Jin Chang),강덕영(Duk Young Kang) 한국수산과학회 1998 한국수산과학회지 Vol.31 No.5

The changes of thyroid hormone levels in plasma, eggs and yolk-sac larvae in female rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) were examined after maternal injection of 3,5,3`-triiodo-L-thyronine (T₃) with a dose of 20 ㎎/㎏ fish wt. There were no diffrences of L-thyroxine (T₄) level in maternal plasma and yolk-sac larvae between T₃ injection and vehicle-injected control. The sigaificant decrease of T, level was found in eggs from the T₃ injected mother fish compared with that of control. T₃ levels in maternal plasma, eggs, and yolk-sac larvae were significantly elevated by T₃ injection. Therefore T₄ and T₃ in maternal circulation may be transferred into oocytes and subsequently into the yolk-sac larvae. These findings suggest that thyroid hormones may play some roles on physiological metabolism during early larval development of rockfish.

해수사육에서 담수사육으로, 담수사육에서 해수사육으로 전환된 감성돔 치어, Acanthopagrus Schlegeli 의 혈액생리학적 비교

장영진 ( Young Jin Chang ),민병화 ( Byung Hwa Min ),장해진 ( Hae Jin Chang ),허준욱 ( Jun Wook Hur ) 한국수산과학회 2002 한국수산과학회지 Vol.35 No.6

해산어류의 담수순화 양식을 위한 기초자료를 얻고자, 감성돔을 즉시 해수에서 담수로 (sFW구), 담수에서 해수로 (fSW구) 전환하였을 때의 혈액 생리학적 변화를 비교하였다. Cortisol의 농도는 sFW구에서 실험개시시에 34.2± 28.6ng/mL였던 것이 3시간째에 365.6±136.0ng/mL로 급격하게 증가하였다가 24시간째에 실험개시시 수준으로 회복되었다. fSW구에서는 실험기간동안 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 글루코스 농도는 두 실험구에서 실험기간동안 유의한 차이는 없었다. 혈장 Na+, Cl-은 sFW에서 실험개시시에 각각 165.3±2.5mEq/L, 146.0±2.2mEq/L였던 것이 3시간째에 118.3±12.3mEq/L, 78.0±7.0mEq/L로 감소하였다가 30일째에 실험개시시 수준으로 회복하였다. 총단백질량과 AST는 두 실험구에서 실험기간 동안 유의한 차이가 없었다. ALT는 sFW구에서는 3시간째, fSW구에서는 24시간째부터 증가하기 시작하여 30일째에는 모두 실험개시시 수준으로 회복되었다. Ht는 sFW구에서 실험개시시에 18.5±0.6%로부터 12시간째 25.3±4.0%로 증가하였고, 24시간 이내에 실험개시시 수준으로 회복되었다. fSW구에서는 Ht, RBC, Hb가 12시간째부터 증가하여, 24시간 이내에 모두 실험개시시 수준으로 회복되었다. 생존율은 sFW구에서 5일째 25%로 급격히 낮아진 다음50일째에 0%를 나타냈으며, fSW구에서는 실험종료시에 85%의 높은 생존율을 보였다. Comparison of blood properties in juvenile black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegeli) between transfer from seawater to freshwater (sFW) and transfer from freshwater to seawater (fSW) were investigated for 60 days. Plasma cortisol levels in sFW were significantly increased from 34.2 ±28.6 ng/mL at the beginning to 365.6 ±136.0ng/mL at 3 hours, and decreased to the beginning level at 24 hours. However, in fSW, no significant differences in the cortisol levels were recognized throughout experimental period. No significant difference was found in the glucose levels between sFW and fSW. The transfer from seawater to freshwater of juvenile black seabream resulted in reduced Na+ and Cl- concentrations for 24 hours (decreasing from 165.3±2.5, 146.0±2.2 to 118.3 ±12.3, 78.0 ±7.0 mEq/L, respectively), but these were completely recovered the beginning levels at 30 days. Total protein and AST showed no significant differences between the two rearing conditions, while ALT was markedly elevated at 3 hours in sFW and at 24 hours in fSW. Ht in sFW was increased from 18.5 ±0.6% at the beginning to 25.3 ±4.0% at 12hours, and was decreased to the beginning level at 24 hours. Ht, RBC and Hb in fSW were also significantly higher at 12 hours, but recovered to their initial levels at 24 hours. All fish were dead until 50 days in sFW while survival rate in fSW was 85% at the end of experiment.