유치원 장학제도에 대한 교원의 기대와 인식에 관한 연구

장순자 숙명여자대학교 1992 국내석사

장학지도는 사회 및 지식체계의 변화에 따른 교원의 자질향상과 교수학습방법개선, 학교경영의 합리화, 교육여건의 개선등을 통해 학교교육의 효과를 극대화 하는 데 있다. 그러나 현실면에서 유아교육 전문직의 장학경력이 짧고 아직도 유아교육현장 여건이 만족하지 못한 상태에 있어 유치원 장학에 많은 문제점과 개선점이 있을것으로 판단된다. 이에 본 연구는 교육현장에서 실시되고 있는 장학지도에 대한 교원들의 의견과 기대를 조사하여 현행 장학지도의 문제점을 파악하고 바람직한 유아교육 장학지도 방향설정의 기초자료를 얻는데 목적을 두고 다음과 같은 연구내용을 수행하였다. 1) 유치원 장학지도 횟수, 지도유형, 지도형태, 협의대상자 등 장학실태는 어떠한가? 2) 유치원 장학지도의 목적, 중요성 및 성과에 대한 교원들의 인식은 어떠한가? 3) 유치원 장학에 대한 교원들의 기대와 요구는 어떠한가? 또 본 연구를 실행하기 위한 연구방법은 다음과 같다. 1) 연구대상은 서울특별시 교육청 산하 9개 교육청에 근무하는 유치원 교원 583명(원장 124명, 공립교사 58명(전원) 사립교사 401명)을 무작위 표집대상으로 하였다. 2) 조사도구는 선행연구된 장학에 대한 연구자료와 장학문헌, 서울특별시 교육청 장학계획, 유아교육운영지침, 장학관점등을 참고로 본 연구자가 작성한 질문지를 사용하였다. 3) 자료는 전산처리하였는데 각 문항에 대하여 설립별, 경력별, 학력별, 직위별로 반응을 나타낸 응답자수의 빈도, 백분율을 산출하고 각 집단간의 유의한 차를 보기위해 X²검증을 하였다. 본 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 방문장학지도 실태는 지난 1년동안 1회의 지도를 받은 유치원은 64%이고 한번도 받지 못한 유치 원은 19.8%로 나타났다. 2) 지구별 장학지도는 설립별, 경력별, 학력별, 직위별에 관계없이 모든 유치원이 서로 정보교환이 되어서 좋다고 응답하였다. 3) 장학지도의 기여도와 목적의식은 장학방침구현과 교수학습지도 활동에 반응을 보여 비교적 건전하다고 판단된다. 4) 장학지도시 수업교사보다 원장과 주로 협의하는 것으로 응답을 보여 이점은 교사와 협의가 될수 있도록 개선이 되어야 한다고 생각된다. 5) 장학지도 활동 기대요구는 수업향상을 위하여 연구수업후의 협의와 수업향상에 도움을 줄 수 있는 자료제작보급, 지구장학지도를 원하였고 또 유아교육 발전을 위한 장학지도는 1년에 2회가 바람직하다고 원장과 교사 모두가 응답하였다. 또 바람직한 장학지도를 하기 위하여는 전문장학인원의 증원과 이에 따른 장학사 연수도 병행하여야 할것으로 생각된다. The purpose of supervisory guidance in the kindergarten education makes school education more effective through the improvement of quality of teachers in line with social as well as intellectual change, teaching methodology, reasonable administration, and educational environment. Many problems have arisen in the kindergarten supervisory activities because of the lack of supervisor's experience in the kindergarten education and unsatisfied educational environment. The aims of this study find those problems and collecting fundamental data for kindergarten supervisory guidance by monitoring teachers' opinions and aspriations. The contents covered by this study are as follows. 1) The frequency of spervisory guidance a year, the guidance pattern, and the objects of getting guidance. 2) Teachers' understanding of the purpose of guidance and its importance. 3) Teachers' expectation and demand for the guidance. The methods used by this study are as follows. 1) 583 teachers in nine educational districts in Seoul(124 principals, 58 public school teachers, and 401 private school teachers) are chosen for the samples randomly. 2) The previous data concerned with supervisory guidance, supervisory literature and guidelines for kindergarten education were reviewed, and the questionaire made by the author are used as the tools. 3) All the data are computerized according to school character, career, and educational background of the teachers. X² confirmation test is used to find out the significant difference among the various groups. The final results of the study can be summarized as follows. 1) 64 percentage of the schools received visit supervisory guidance one time in the last year, and almost 20 percentage of the schools received none. 2) District supervision is more desirable than central supervision for mutual exchange of information for all kinds of kindergarten. 3) Supervisory guidance contributes to the realization of the supervisory guidelines and teachers' activities in class. 4) The object of visit supervision should be focused on the teachers rather than on the principals. 5) Supervisory guidance should help teachers make teaching materials, and the need of more competent supervisors is emphasized to boost the effect of kindergarten education.

노자와 로저스의 '수용' 비교

장순자 청주교육대학교 교육대학원 2016 국내석사

논 문 요 약 노자와 로저스의 ‘수용’ 비교 A Comparison of Acceptance between Laotzu and Rogers 장 순 자 청주교육대학교 교육대학원 초등상담교육전공 (지도교수 : 박 성 희) 이 연구의 목적은 노자와 로저스의 ‘수용’을 비교하여 현대 상담에서 동양 상담인 노자 수용의 중요성과 필요성을 인식시키기 위함이다. 왜냐하면 현대를 살아가는 한국인들이 자아를 잃어가면서 인간성이 상실된 채 가짜 자기 자신의 삶을 살아가고 있어 늘 불안하고 우울하며 강박에 시달리며 살아가고 있기 때문이다. 이 연구는 현대인들이 인격적 만남을 지금 순간순간의 일상생활 속에서 경험하여 인간성을 회복하며 ‘참된 자기’를 발견하며 자아를 실현하는 진정한 삶을 살게 하는 데에 의의가 있다. 이 연구를 위해 첫째, 노자와 로저스의 존재 실현에 관한 기본 관점을 인간의 내적 동기로 나누어 살펴보았다. 둘째, 노자와 로저스의 ‘수용’을 무위와 무조건적 긍정적 존중으로 나누어 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 『도덕경』을 다양한 관점에서 현대적으로 해석한 저술을 가지고 ‘무위’에 관련된 개념을 추출하였다. 그리고 로저스가 저술한 일차 문헌으로 ‘무조건적 긍정적 존중’에 관련된 개념을 추출하였다. 셋째, 이렇게 추출해낸 노자의 ‘무위’와 로저스의 ‘무조건적 긍정적 존중’을 유사점과 차이점으로 분류한 후 비교하였다. 이 연구 결과로서 첫째, 노자와 로저스는 인간은 누구나 선천적으로 내적인 동기를 지니고 태어난다고 보았다. 이에 대한 이론적 근거로 노자는 내적 동기인 ‘복귀 지향성’으로, 로저스는 ‘실현경향성’으로 나누어 찾아보았다. 그래서 이 둘은 모두 긍정적 인간관을 갖게 되었음도 발견할 수 있었다. 따라서 노자의 ‘무위’를 가능하게 한 것이 ‘복귀지향성’이며, 로저스의 ‘무조건적 긍정적 존중’을 가능케 한 것이 ‘실현경향성’임을 확인 할 수 있었다. 노자와 로저스는 존재 실현에 관한 기본 관점을 갖고 있었음을 발견하게 되었다. 그리고 무위와 무조건적 긍정적 존중, 즉 ‘수용’이 삶의 궁극적 목적인 존재를 실현하는 방법적 원리임도 확인 할 수 있었다. 둘째, ‘수용’을 노자는 ‘무위’로, 로저스는 ‘무조건적 긍정적 존중’으로 나누어 살펴보았다. 먼저 노자의 무위(無爲)는 유위(有爲)와 대비되는 것으로 무지(無知), 무욕(無欲), ‘말이 없음(不言之敎)’의 의미를 지니고 있음을 찾을 수 있었다. 또한 무위(無爲)는 ‘스스로 그러함’의 의미, ‘있는 그대로 행위’의 의미, ‘빔’의 의미로 무위가 ‘수용’을 의미함을 확인할 수 있었다. 로저스의 ‘무조건적 긍정적 존중’은 진정한 자기 자신이 되어가는 과정이 되게 하는 수용의 의미를 찾을 수 있었다. 셋째, 노자와 로저스의 ‘수용’에 관한 관점을 유사점과 차이점으로 비교하였다. 노자와 로저스의 수용의 유사점으로는 모두 상담자가 청담자에게 인위적이고 조작적인 행위 즉 인간의 지적인 행위를 반대하였음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 밖에 유사점으로 인간을 판단하거나 평가하지 말아야 함을 알 수 있었다. 반면에 노자와 로저스의 수용은 차이가 있음을 발견해 낼 수 있었다. 우선 수용을 함에 있어 상담자의 역할의 차이, 상담자가 청담자를 바라보는 관점의 차이, 수용의 의미가 지닌 깊이의 차이, 수용의 궁극적 목적인 자아실현에 관한 관점의 차이가 있음을 찾을 수 있었다. 그리고 노자의 수용은 무명(無名) 혹은 무(無)의 세계로 도의 초월성과 신비적인 의미를 지니고 있음을 발견하였다. 반면에 로저스의 수용은 우리의 감각기관으로 체험할 수 있는 유명(有名) 혹은 유(有)의 세계인 점에서 차이가 있음을 발견할 수 있었다. 그러므로 마음을 변화시키는 상담 전략의 세 가지 수준을 통제, 수용, 초월이라고 볼 때, 로저스의 무조건적 긍정적 존중은 ‘수용’의 수준으로 노자의 무위는 ‘수용’과 ‘초월’의 수준(박성희, 2001)임을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 서양 상담이 주를 이루고 있는 한국 상담에서 동양 상담인 노자의 수용이 얼마나 중요한지 왜 필요한지를 인식할 수 있었다. 따라서 노자의 수용은 수용 받는 자와 수용하는 자가 이분법적으로 구분되어 있지 않기 때문에 별도의 상담 없이 일상생활 속에서 순간순간의 인격적 만남을 할 수 있게 해준다. 그리고 이 수용은 자기 자신 안에 있는 수용의 힘이 저절로 흘러나오게도 한다. 따라서 노자의 수용은 바쁘고 극도로 긴장하고 고통 받는 스트레스 속에서 살아가는 현대 사회의 한국인들에게 가장 적합하고 꼭 필요한 상담적 요소임을 확인 할 수 있었다. 앞으로 노자의 ‘수용’이 현대 상담 이론으로 한국 상담에서 자리 매김하기 위해서는 노자의 ‘수용’을 구체적으로 적용할 수 있는 방안들이 계속해서 연구되어야 할 것이다. 이런 연구가 계속 이루어질 때 한국인들이 삶의 진정한 목적은 성공과 소유에 있지 아니하고 생명 그 자체에 있음을 깨닫고 자족하며 유유자적하는 소박한 삶을 사는 행복한 이들이 점차 많아질 것이다. 주요어 : 자아실현, 수용, 무위, 무조건적 긍정적 존중, 진정한 자기

공항운영기업의 브랜드 아이덴티티 구축에 관한 연구 : 한국공항공사를 중심으로

장순자 한국항공대학교 2007 국내석사

노인상담을 위한 이야기 치료적 접근

장순자 서울여자대학교 사회복지.기독교대학원 2009 국내석사

In overall counseling field, counseling for the aged has been an uncharted territory compared to the counseling for adults, adolescents and children. As the number of the aged grows faster, the number of older clients is inevitably increasing. But the level and specialty of the counseling for the older has not kept up with this changing demography and the study on the aged has continued at a very lacklustre pace due to simple lack of interests in the old, uncertainty in the effectiveness of the study. Also the unspoken but rampant conventional wisdom that the old are just frail and unreliable is a key contributing factor behind this social neglect on the duty of caring more about the old. The difficulties due to these problems are also shown in the clinical area, Lack of understanding of the aged and overlooked distinctiveness of the old have made many counsellors repeat the same methods applied to general clients even while consulting the old. This study is designed to take a close look at desperate needs for specialized and developed counselling for the aged and the potential usefulness of storytelling approach as a counselling therapy for the aged. This therapeutic approach is for the aged to live a better life in their senescence. This study results show the potential usefulness of storytelling approach as a counselling therapy for the aged. The value of this therapy lies in postmodern philosophy and social constructionism. This therapy sets itself apart from other stereotyped approaches that are already used in general counselling in the from of so called psycho dynamics an counselling. First, it has the philosophical perspective on persons that they are creative and flexible. Second, it perceives that the problems involved in the old are seamless parts of a society. Third, it has the humble attitude of not knowing. The adovacy for identity of a client, partnership formed between a counsellor and a client, and the pursuit of community life differentiate the narrative therapy from other general therapies. The advantages of this therapy is that it encourages the old to play a central role in solving their problems and the old to become the storytellers. As shown above, the approach of storytelling is distinct in that the counsellor plays a role of helping clients to be more aware of themselves by not being in control of them. Through this process, the old can be more adjusted to their old age with more willingness to enrich their lives. This study is meaningful attempts to develop models for counseling for the aged made by a field specialist in the welfare of the old for a longtime. Even though it's not perfect, the efforts made to reinterpret storytelling approach as a counselling therapy for the old are meaningful for counselling in the making.

朝鮮 後期 寫字官의 書寫에 관한 硏究

장순자 수원대학교 2023 국내석사

In the pre-modern era, there were officials responsible for transcribing various materials produced by the royal family and government institutions. A government position known as Sajagwan(Court Scribe) first appeared during the reign of King Jungjong(r.1506~1544) of Joseon (1392~1910 CE). However, the Sajagwan system(Court Scribe System) was put in place during the reign of King Seonjo(r. 1567~1608) and continued until the end of the Joseon Dynasty. As the number of officially designated Sajagwan was limited to about 50, it was impossible for them to handle all the important transcription tasks of the country. Therefore, in addition to Sajagwan, there were officials with various titles who were responsible for transcription tasks in many government offices. In the field of calligraphy, the writing style used by Sajagwan is classified as Gwangakche. There may be some differences in the understanding of Gwangakmun(Palace Memorandum) and Gwangakche of the Joseon Dynasty compared to that of the present. But they share common ground in that they put an emphasis on Gwangak (government institutions). The main duty of Sajagwan was the transcription of diplomatic documents and important national records, including royal literature. Sajagwan positions were initially filled by Moonsin(civil officials), but gradually the position was reserved to Joongin(technical personnel) and inherited within families. In the late Joseon Dynasty, there were a total of 514 Daechung Sahaeng(Diplomatic Mission to Qing), occurring more than twice a year. These diplomatic envoys always included Sajagwan under the titles of Jeongbyeonggungwan(senior officer) and Sipyogwan(Attendant Councilor). After the Japanese invasions, diplomatic relations with Japan were reopened, and 12 diplomatic missions called Joseon Tongshinsa were dispatched. These missions engaged in diverse cultural exchanges, bringing significant impact in Japanese society. Among the missions, Sajagwan and Hwawon(royal painter) gained great popularity. During the Joseon Dynasty, when the government conducted various events, officials who excelled in writing were selected as Seosagwan(Official Scribe). They were distinct from Sajagwan and were referred to as Seosagwan. Their scope of duties was broad, and high-ranking officials were chosen among them based on the importance of the event. Geomseogwan(Book Inspector) participated in various projects at Kyujanggak library, established by King Jeongjo. They, as Seoeol(illegitimate son) from Yangban (Noble Class), were outstanding in writing and literary skills. Although their ideologies differed considerably from King Jeongjo's conservative ideals, they were recognized for their new knowledge and diverse abilities. Gyomyung(Royal Decree) and Chaekmun(official records), as the royal documents of the Joseon era, symbolized the authority of the royal family and possessed the most splendid and dignified appearance among the surviving documents of the era. Seosagwan  who wrote royal decrees and official records were high-ranking officials of Jeong 3Pum(Third Class Rank) or higher.  Joseon Wangjo Uigwe(Records of the Joseon Dynasty) is an unparalleled record that chronicles the entire process of the royal family and the nation’s important events during the Joseon era. The narration of Uigwe(collection of records) was entrusted to skilled Sajagwan. Some late-period Uigwe boast elaborate Janghwang(decorative calligraphy scroll) and beautiful handwriting, showcasing a harmonious and elegant literary style. Representative historical records compiled during the Joseon Dynasty include Joseon Wangjo Sillok(Annals of the Joseon Dynasty), Seungjeongwon Ilgi(the Diaries of the Royal Secretariat of the Joseon Dynasty), Bibyeonsa Deungnok(Record of Border Defense), and Ilseongrok(Daily Records). During the compilation of Joseon Wangjo Sillok, numerous Jeongseodeungrokgwan (Principal Transcriber) were selected, including Sajagwan. Seungjeongwon Ilgi was written by Sagwan(Historiographer) using shorthand techniques, making it difficult to read due to roughly written cursive scripts. But, in fact, some parts were written with running scripts while others with standard scripts. As time went on, they were written in a more organized manner. Ilseongrok was initially written by Geomseogwan, and after being revised by Gaksin(high-ranking officials), Sajagwan of Kyujanggak library beautifully transcribed them in a refined Haeseochae (Regular Script) handwriting style. However, over time, the level of calligraphic sophistication declined, and on August 29, 1910, the last day of the Korean Empire, the style transitioned to a plain general script. During his 24-year reign, King Jeongjo pursued extensive compilation projects encompassing over 150 types and 4,000 volumes. He sought to reevaluate traditional culture, develop a broad understanding of Chinese and Western cultures, and adapt to various heterogeneous elements. He attempted to establish the proper style of calligraphy through Moonchaebanjeong (Reversal of Literary Style) or Seochaebanjeong(Reversal of Calligraphic Style). The extensive Hongjaejeonseo(The Complete Works of Hongjae), consisting of 184 volumes and 100 books, compiled various materials from King Jeongjo and employed over 40 Sajagwan for transcribing, with the names of the Sajagwan listed at the end of each chapter.  King Jeongjo had a critical view of the calligraphic styles prevalent at the time during the transcription process. He favored the plain and sincere writing styles of the Yeongnam region and invited five talented Yeongli(military officers) to engage in transcription of Ogyeong Baekpyeon (The Five Confucian Classics and One Hundred Literary Pieces). This suggests that the calligraphic skills of local Seoli(scribal officials) during that time were comparable to those of central government Sajagwan.  In the late 19th century, as Joseon attempted to move away from Qing influence and cope with pressure from Japan while seeking to participate in the new global order, it ultimately failed to succeed. The efforts of Sajagwan who transcribed various diplomatic documents produced during that time can be seen as traces of their endeavors. The calligraphic styles of these documents generally maintained the level achieved by Sajagwan in the late Joseon period.

30〜40대 여성의 피부미용 서비스 선택속성이 고객만족 및 SNS구전의도에 미치는 영향

장순자 차의과학대학교 보건산업대학원 2024 국내석사

30∼40대 여성의 피부미용 서비스 선택속성이 고객만족 및 SNS구전의도에 미치는 영향 본 연구는 피부미용 서비스 경험이 있는 30 ∼ 40대 여성을 대상으로 피부미용 서비스 선택속성이 고객만족 및 SNS구전의도에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 인구통계학적 특성에 따른 각 변인 간 차이 검증 결과는 다음 과 같다. 첫째, 인구통계학적 특성에 따라 서비스 선택속성에 차이 검증 결과, 연령, 결혼 여부, 최종학력, 거주지, 직업, 월 소득, 월평균 피부관리비용 등의 요인에 따라 서비스 선택속성과 고객만족, SNS구전의도가 통계적으 로 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 연령에서는 40대가 30대보다 접근성 요인에 따라 서비스를 선택하는 경향이 높은 것으로 나타났고. 결혼 여부에서는 기혼보다 미혼이 피부관리실 접근성을 더 중요하게 여긴다고 하였다. 최종 학력에 따른 차이 검증을 살펴보면 ‘대학원 이상’에서 효율성 요인이 유의 미한 차이를 보였다. 거주지에서는 접근성 요인, 대외이미지 요인, 인적 요 인, 물리적 요인에서 차이가 나타났으며, 접근성 요인, 대외이미지 요인, 인적 요인에서는 서울/경기도가 그 외 지역에 비해 높게 나타났고, 물리적 요인은 그 외 지역이 더 높게 나타났다. 직업에 따른 차이 분석 결과, 효 율성 요인, 대외 이미지 요인, 인적 요인이 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 효율성 요인에서는 전문직이 사무직, 서비스직, 기타와 평균 차 이가 나타났으며, 대외이미지 요인에서는 서비스직과 사무직, 전문직에서 평균 차이가 나타났다. 월평균 피부관리비용에서는 서비스 선택속성에서는 효율성 요인에서 10만원 이상 ∼ 30만원 미만과 30만원 이상에서 차이를 보였다. 피부관리실에서는 대외 이미지 요인에서 유의미한 차이를 보였고 프랜차이즈, 개인샵 순으로 평균이 높았다. 둘째, 서비스 선택속성이 고객만족에 미치는 영향에 관한 결과, 서비스 선택속성이 서비스 만족도에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 이 에 영향력을 가진 요인은 대외 이미지 요인과 효율성 요인이었으며, 대외 이미지 요인은 정적(+) 영향을, 효율성 요인은 부적(-) 영향을 미치는 것 으로 나타났다. 서비스 선택속성이 편리성 만족도에 정적(+) 영향을 미침 을 확인하였다. 이에 영향력을 가진 요인은 대외이미지 요인과 인적 요인 이다. 서비스 선택속성이 제품 만족도에 정적(+) 영향을 미치는 것을 확인 하였다. 이에 영향력을 가진 요인으로는 대외이미지 요인이 있다. 셋째, 서비스 선택속성이 SNS구전의도에 미치는 영향에 관한 결과, 서 비스 선택속성이 SNS 구전의도에 영향을 미치며, 이에 영향력을 가진 요 인은 대외 이미지 요인, 인적 요인, 효율성 요인 순으로 나타났다. 이 중 대외 이미지 요인과 인적요인은 정적(+) 영향을, 효율성 요인은 부적(-) 영향을 미침을 확인하였다. 이에 고객 응대 서비스 및 기술 개발, 개개인 의 역량강화를 위한 프로그램 등을 정기적으로 실시하며, 소비자가 뷰티샵 의 위치 파악 및 방문을 통한 접근성을 높일 수 있는 마케팅 진행 시 매출 증대로 이어질 수 있을 것이라 사료된다. 핵심되는 말 : 피부미용, 서비스 선택속성, 고객만족, SNS 구전의도, 30-40대 여성

노인주거복지시설 노인들의 여가 프로그램 참여 활성화에 관한 연구

장순자 서울여자대학교 2001 국내석사

The recreational programs for the elderly have been so far studied and designed only for community-based daycare centers for senior citizens. For that reason the ones for welfare-residential aged care facilities, where elderly people live communal lives, have failed to draw any attention in Korean society despite their growing importance. Currently the number of welfare-residential aged care facilities is growing, majority of able and healthy senior citizens chooses to live in the residential care facilities due to economic burden and other private reasons and their demands are becoming more diverse. In the situation the recreational programs for the users of welfare-residential aged care facilities need to be concretely developed and designed in consideration of users' physical, psychological and social backgrounds. Based on the research result and direct interviews with elderly people, this paper examined the problems about operation and current situation of the recreational programs in terms of users as objects of the programs, the residential care facilities as subjects of the operation and the recreational programs now in use. First, users don't feel the need for recreation and are not willing to enjoy recreational activities. They tend to be complacent with basic life needs and thus, are reluctant to participate in recreation. Even if they desire to enjoy it, they feel the limitation due to the physical weakness. In addition, their lack of confidence and recreational experiences contributes to their passive attitudes towards recreation. What's more, they tend not to put much meaning on recreational activities other than religious life. As a result, they are reluctant to follow the advice that they need to take part in recreational activities. As well, disharmonies among the users negatively affect the operation of recreational activities. Second, the residential care facilities are still being operated without any basis of distinctive strategies for their users. This weakens any incentive to perform the recreational programs for the users and accordingly, the efforts to develop elderly people's potential fall far short of any expectation. The residential care facilities neither open their doors nor induce families or community residents to participate in the recreational activities. What's more, they are not only reluctant to mobilize community resources to facilitate recreation but skeptical about whether it is effective to operate recreational programs. Furthermore, because the number of educated facilities workers is small, the residential care facilities are being operated without accurate knowledge or techniques about the recreational activities for the elderly. They don't pay much attention on spatial arrangement, lighting, ventilation, atmosphere and etc. While the impact of recreational activities on elderly person's quality of life is somewhat widely recognized, the residential care facilities still fail to turn the recognition into reality due to the difficulties in finance, human resources and space. Accordingly, the facilities uniformly offer their recreational programs to users and have no willingness to induce the elderly to take part in the recreational activities. Third, based on these problems with both objects and subjects of the operation, this study examines problems in recreational programs for the users that are being operated now. For a start, the recreational programs are being performed, mixed with health care programs, due to the fact that many elderly people are admitted into the welfare-residential aged care facilities regardless of their health conditions. The similar or uniform recreational programs are planned without any consideration of unique characteristics or conditions of each facilities. Given the fact that there is only a small portion of systematized programs, it's very hard to assess how effectively the planned programs produce the intended results. Moreover, the feedback system is not in place, resulting in the absence of assessed strategy for recreational activities. This ultimately leads to nonprofessional operation of the residential care facilities. The residential care facilities rarely assign trained lecturers to the recreational programs, heavily depending on volunteer workers. Under the circumstances the programs are often affected and interrupted by volunteer workers' personal situations. This serves as a hurdle to promote the recreational activities for the elderly. In addition, sporting goods are neither properly taken care of by the facilities nor exploited by the users. Another problems are that it's very hard to find skilled social workers appropriate for each program and the programs are not operated on regular basis. The education for recreational programs is hardly carried out and even the programs performed on a family unit are operated intermittently. There is neither program in operation connected with community other than religious program nor the one intended to induce social activities such as volunteer job. The root causes of these problems lie not merely in the users and the facilities but in structural problems of society. Considering this, the facilities, central government and society need to study, discuss and institutionalize the recreational programs for the users. Based on these problems, I will make some proposals in an effort to facilitate the recreational programs for the users. First, the equipment, the opportunity and the resources for recreational activities should be equally distributed through the establishment and the promotion of recreational programs for users. 1) Promotion of the Task Intended to Facilitate the Recreational Programs for Users' Since year 2000, the Seoul municipal government has attempted to facilitate the recreational activities for the elderly by trying budget-funded pilot program such as building up larger number of daycare centers for the elderly. It also sends licensed social workers to the daycare centers and helps welfare-residential aged care facilities operate recreational programs, resulting in users' higher participation in the programs. As shown in the above example, it is desirable to pursue equal distribution of the equipment, the opportunity and the resources of recreation by sending licensed social workers of welfare facilities for the elderly to the residential care facilities and helping them to facilitate the recreational activities for users. 2) The Introduction of Care Manager System Since the introduction of the senior care management system, Japan has implemented it in an effort to produce effective social services for the fragile senior adults. Considering older person's quality of life, the recreation for able and healthy elderly people is also equally important. Although some may say that it's premature to introduce this system to the residential care facilities, it's necessary to consider it for the management of recreational activities in the long-term point of view. Second, social workers need to actively intervene in and cope with the recreational activities for the elderly in order to facilitate the recreational programs. According to the research result, senior adults' lack of desire for recreational activities and physical weakness are hardest for social workers to address. Despite this, social workers need to aggressively intervene in and deal with recreational activities for senior adults because their attention has great impact on elderly people. These are ways to facilitate the recreational programs: 1) To induce users to participate in the process of planning and operating recreational activities 2) To create a variety of recreational activities by widely opening up the facilities to everyone and inviting families and community residents to recreational programs 3) To enable users to exchange information about recreation and offer opportunities to share recreational activities with one another 4) To make users aware of the importance of recreation and change their attitudes towards it 5) To set up the apparatus for assessment of the recreational activities so that feedback system can be in place in the residential care facilities 6) To help users to take part in the recreational activities that are appropriate to their unique needs by creating dialogue channels and minimizing recreation-related hurdles and restrictions 7) To form a task force that comprises social workers, professionals and volunteer workers for the management of each user's recreational activities and make it aggressively intervene in the recreational activities through regular conferences 8) To fully mobilize resources in community from the ecological perspective and help each elderly person to carry out their social roles 9) To organize some recreational groups, taking account of each user's interest and health conditions, and produce effective recreational activities by setting distinctive and specific goals. In aging society all that elderly people need is the public's fundamental changes in their negative and stereotyped point of views on the elderly and the development of senior adults' potential. Most importantly users should leave passive way of life and try their best to sharpen their abilities. In order to improve senior adult's quality of life, each of government, society, social workers and elderly people need to focus their efforts on stimulating participation in recreational programs.

뇌손상 환자를 위한 운전능력 평가도구 개발

장순자 충남대학교 대학원 2004 국내석사

The objects of this study were to develop an evaluation tool of the cognitive perceptual function for safe driving of the brain injured patients, and to check the suitability of the tool. Driving Ability Test for the Brain Injured(DATBI) was constructed with 8 tasks of depth perception, sustained attention, divided attention, Stoop test, digit span test, field dependence, trail making test A, and trail making test B. The predriving assessment with DATBI and road test were applied to forty three brain injured patients. The reliability, validity of the DATBI, and the cut-off score to resume driving were determined. The results were as follows; 1) DATBI score was made by the mean of the 8 tasks, and compared with on-road test result. The DATBI scores of pass group(n=20) and fail group(n=23) for on-road test were 53.7 ± 4.87 and 46.7 ± 6.12(p=0.0002). 2) The Cronbach's α of the DATBI was 0.87, the positive and negative predictive value was 91% each. 3) The cut-off scores based on 95% confidence interval and 91% positive predictive value were 55 and above for pass group, 45 and below for fail group, and 46 - 54 for borderline group. It is concluded that safe driving is predicted for pass group, on-road evaluation is needed for borderline group, and recommendation not to drive is needed for fail group.

글의 類型에 따른 回想의 效果 檢證

장순자 慶北大學校 1994 국내석사

In this thesis, I have studied the recall effects on the text structure and the correlation between students' grades in Korean language, intelligence quotient and recall test to offer basic materials for systematizing hearing teaching. Conclusions obtained were as follows ; 1) Recall test as for three basic texts showed that recall ratio was increased in the order of the narrative, discourse, explanation. 2) Testees were better recalled higher prepositions than lower prepositions on the hierarchical stricture in the narrative, discourse and explanation. 3) In the narrative there was little difference in recall amount on the text position, but in discourse and explanation there was much difference in recall amount on the front part of text than any other part. 4) Correlation analysis showed that there was little correlation between recall test and grade in Korean language, intelligence quotient.

유아조형놀이의 효과에 관한 연구

장순자 중부대학교 교육대학원 2002 국내석사

The purpose of this study is to test the effects of modeling activity for young children. The major research questions are as follows: 1. Will modeling activity effect in young children? 2. Will material application based on the modeling activity effect in young children? 3. Will a mode of expression based on the modeling activity effect in young children? 4. Will a feeling in the modeling activity effect in young children? 5. Will modeling itself effect in young children? The subjects of this experiment were 29 five-year-old kindergarten children in Daejeon. And the statistical procedures adopted for the analysis of the data included t-test using the SPSSWIN 8.0 program. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Modeling activity was effective in young children. 2. Material application based on the modeling activity was effective in young children. 3. A mode of expression based on the modeling activity was effective in young children. 4. A feeling in the modeling activity was effective in young children. 5. Modeling itself was effective in young children.