Cystic Hygroma의 二例報告

張明煥,許景渤 최신의학사 1960 最新醫學 Vol.3 No.4

Theobromine, a Methylxanthine in Cocoa Bean, Stimulates Thermogenesis by Inducing White Fat Browning and Activating Brown Adipocytes

장명환,강남현,술라그나 무케르지,윤종원 한국생물공학회 2018 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.23 No.6

Natural medicinal compounds to treat obesity have recently attracted a great deal of attention because of the serious side effects of synthetic anti-obesity drugs. Recent advances have been made to identify natural products showing thermogenic activity, which is responsible for energy expenditure in brown or brown-like (beige) adipocytes. Here, we explored the thermogenic effects of theobromine, one of the most abundant methylxanthines in cocoa, on 3T3-L1 white adipocytes and HIB1B brown adipocytes. Theobromine markedly increased the expression levels of brown-fat signature proteins (PGC-1α, PRDM16, and UCP1) and beige-specific genes (Cd137, Cidea, Cited1, Tbx1, and Tmen26) in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes and remarkably elevated the expression levels of brown fatspecific genes (Cidea, Lhx8, Ppargc1, Prdm16, Ucp1, and Zic1) in HIB1B brown adipocytes. Theobromine also reduced the expression of the key adipogenic transcription factors, C/EBPα and PPARγ, in white adipocytes, while enhancing their expression in HIB1B cells. In addition, theobromine regulated lipolytic events and fat oxidation by upregulating the expression of pACC, ATGL, pHSL, ACOX, and CPT1. Additional mechanistic study revealed that theobromine activates β3-AR and AMPK. In summary, our results provide evidence for the first time indicating that theobromine has a potential beneficial effect on browning of white adipocytes and improves lipid catabolic metabolism in both cultured white and brown adipocytes via β-adrenergic signaling and AMPK activation. Consumption of theobromine may be a feasible way to activate thermogenesis and improve systematic lipid metabolism to protect against obesity and other metabolic disorders.

롱월채탄 적용과 메탄가스 및 지반침하 예측기술 소개

장명환 한국자원공학회 2012 한국자원공학회지 Vol.49 No.4

Long-wall coal mining method is using a large scale automatic equipment for coal production and it makes tens of thousands per day at the intensive mine site. Before we carrying out long-wall mining method, many research and pre-processing are necessary to be performed. Among those processes, ventilation and exhaust system is the most important part to emit methane gas of coal bed. Methane gas emission is necessary to perform efficiently in the short or long-term during the development or pre-development period. About long-wall mining method, there are many studies of methane gas control system were conducted. The studies were using input data with variety of conditions for using artificial neural network systems which can help us to infer methane gas flow rate and concentration. And also, when we using Long-wall mining method, the subsidence is inevitable. However, if we could estimate the volume and scale of subsidence at right time, we could minimize the damage which caused by subsidence. 롱월채탄은 대규모 자동화 기계장비를 사용하여 집약된 작업장에서 하루 수 만톤의 석탄을 생산하는 시스템이다. 롱월채탄을 수행하기 이전에 많은 조사와 전처리 과정을 수행하게 되는데 이중에서 중요한 요소가 탄층의 메탄가스 등을 배출시키기 위한 통기 및 배기시스템이다. 메탄가스배출은 개발이전 또는 개발 중 장단기 기간중에 효율적으로 수행할 필요가 있다. 롱월에서 메탄가스 제어시스템은 많은 연구가 이루어 졌으며, 주변의 여러 가지 조건들을 입력자료로 하여 최종적으로 메탄가스 유동량과 농도를 추론하는 인공신경망시스템 등을 활용하는 방법등이 있다. 또 롱월채탄은 지반침하가 필연적으로 이루어지는데, 시기적절한 침하량과 침하규모 등을 예측함으로써 지반침하에 의한 피해를 최소화 시킬 수 있다.

웨이블릿 변환 계수 특성을 이용한 워터마킹 기법

장명환,이형,Jang, Myung-Hwan,Lee, Hyoung 한국통신학회 2001 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.26 No.5

본 논문은 웨이블릿 변환 계수의 특성을 이용하여 영상에 워터마킹을 하는 방법을 제안하였다. 제안한 방법은 영상을 3단계 웨이블릿 변환 후 워터마크의 견고성(robustness)을 고려하여 저주파 영역 계수의 경우 인접계수간의 차이를 기준으로 워터마크를 삽입하고, HVS(Human Visual System)를 고려하여 고주파 영역 계수의 절대치를 기준으로 워터마트를 삽입하였다. 또 대역별로 반감확률을 적용한 스케일 변수를 다르게 부여함으로써 워터마크된 영상의 화질 열화를 줄일 수 있었고, 워터마크의 견고성을 증가시킴으로써 보다 안전한 디지털 컨텐츠 보호에 중점을 두고자 하였다.

인공신경망과 강건설계를 이용한 기계적 RMR 분류

장명환,하태욱,최기훈 한국자원공학회 2019 한국자원공학회지 Vol.56 No.6

Rock mass rating (RMR) is a relatively simple method for classifying rock mass with the naked eye; however, it becomes inconvenient when the number of survey sections is large. In this study, we developed a learning model and a prediction model using an artificial neural network (ANN) to classify RMR mechanically. Using robust design, 3125 big data were optimized into 25 learning data. The test results after learning through the two methods were exactly the same. Through robust design, the learning data obtained by reducing the total number of cases to less than 1% had the same learning effect as the whole data, which means that the effort and cost of acquiring the learning data can be greatly reduced. For the perfect prediction of the RMR classification system, we tuned the primary predictions within a given range of rating levels. As a result, we implemented an RMR classification ANN system that perfectly predicts the RMR of 3125 big data using 25 learning data through robust design. RMR은 육안적 방법으로 암반을 분류하는 비교적 간단한 방법이나 조사구간이 많아지면 번거로운 작업이된다. 본 연구에서는 RMR을 기계적으로 분류하고자 인공신경망에 의한 학습모델과 예측모델을 개발하였다. 강건설계에 의하여 총 3125개의 데이터를 25개의 학습자료로 최적화하였다. 두 방법에 의한 학습 후 테스트 결과는 서로 정확하게 일치하였다. 강건설계에 의하여 전체 경우의 수를 1% 이하로 축소한 학습자료로 전체자료와 동일한 학습효과를 얻었다는 것은 학습자료 습득에 드는 노력과 비용을 크게 절감할 수 있다는 의미이다. RMR 분류시스템의 완벽한예측을 위하여 1차 예측값들에 대하여 주어진 수준 범위 내에서 튜닝을 실시하였다. 그 결과 강건설계에 의한 25개의학습자료로 실제 3125개의 빅데이터의 RMR을 완벽하게 예측하는 RMR분류 ANN 시스템을 구현하였다.

경북 북부 지역의 기상과 인삼 병해충 발생 관계

장명환,안덕종,최진국,권태룡,류태석,정원권 한국약용작물학회 2013 한국약용작물학술대회 발표집 Vol.2013 No.05

Evaluation of Grapevine Varietal Resistance to Anthracnose through Treating Culture Filtrates from Elsinoe ampelina

장명환,안순영,김승희,노정호,윤해근 한국원예학회 2011 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.52 No.2

The severe occurrence of anthracnose in grapevines has posed major difficulties for its control, thus, planting anthracnose resistant cultivars favored great advantages in grapevine production. Anthracnose varietal susceptibility in grapevines was evaluated through the use of culture filtrates produced from Elsinoe ampelina, which served as a substitute for pathogen inoculation or field screening. Bioassay of the grapevine leaves with culture filtrates exhibited active and host-selective phytotoxicity levels. Susceptible cultivars were found to be sensitive even at highly diluted culture filtrates. On the other hand, resistant cultivars were not affected even at original culture filtrates. Results of the varietal resistance evaluation by the culture filtrates treatments among the different grapevine cultivars, revealed that some cultivars, such as ‘Black Swan’, ‘Rizamat’, ‘Rosario Bianco’, and ‘Kaiji’ were found to be sensitive, while the other cultivars such as ‘Campbell Early’, ‘Niagara’, ‘Sheridan’, and ‘Izumo Queen’ were found to be anthracnose tolerant. Among the grapes tested, European grapes showed susceptibility and moderate susceptibility to anthracnose as compared to American varieties. These results were likewise consistent with those obtained from the pathogen inoculation screening.

In Vitro Evaluation System for Varietal Resistance against Ripe Rot Caused by Colletotrichum acutatum in Grapevines

장명환,문용선,노정호,김승희,홍성기,윤해근 한국원예학회 2011 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.52 No.1

Ripe rot caused by Colletotrichum spp. occurs severely in grapevines grown in warm and humid climatic regions such as Korea. Research was initiated to develop an efficient screening system for grapevine resistance against ripe rot through the inoculation of C. acutatum spore suspensions grown in potato dextrose agar. Resistant grapevine cultivars against ripe rot were easily distinguished from susceptible ones through lesion scorings of the detached leaves and immature fruits inoculated with mycelial blocks or spore suspension of C. acutatum at 25℃. Resistant grape cultivars identified through pathogen inoculation include: ‘Zabalkanski’, ‘Benianyo’, and ‘Beniyamabico’. The evaluation of grapevines varietal resistance against ripe rot revealed some specificity in the culture filtrates for the pathogens. Hence, the application of culture filtrates treatment of C. acutatum can be an alternative approach for screening the ripe rot varietal resistance in grapevines.

[一般演題] 膽道系統手術 122例에 對하여

張明煥,許景渤,閔珖植 대한외과학회 1962 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.4 No.1

후퇴식 채광의 채광설계와 채광방법

장명환 한국자원공학회 2020 한국자원공학회지 Vol.57 No.1

Retreat mining is one of the pillar recovery methods to increase the mining yield. This method has a lot of technical considerations because the coal seam or the roof recovers the pillar under relatively weak condition. Retreat mining is also a method of mining as soon as possible using continuous miner and slowly collapsing the goef. Since this method can increase the safety by minimizing the stress applied to the adjacent pillar, efficient operation of various equipments is essential. This report introduces various methods of ground conditions, mining equipment, risk analysis and pillar mining design for retreat mining 후퇴식 채광은 채수율을 높이기 위한 필러회수 방법의 하나이다. 본 방법은 탄층이나 천반이 비교적 연약한조건에서 필러를 회수하기 때문에 기술적으로 고려할 사항이 많다. 또한 후퇴식 채광은 주로 연속 채광기로 가능한빨리 채굴을 하고 채굴지역을 서서히 붕락시키는 방법이다. 이러한 방법은 인접필러에 작용하는 응력을 최소화 하여안전성을 높일 수 있기 때문에 다양한 장비의 효율적 운영이 필수적이다. 본 보고서에서는 후퇴식 채광을 위한 지반조건과 장비, 필러채광 설계에 대한 다양한 방법을 소개하였다.