한국문학과 들뢰즈

임환모(Lim Hwan-mo) 국어국문학회 2011 국어국문학 Vol.- No.158

This study has a purpose that I have critically investigated a literary theory of Deleuze an aspect how much useful ways there are to understand and interpret on Korean literature. For the efficient conduct of this purpose, above all, I had to guided literary theory from his philosophy and then, should have made a way clear and applied his literary theory in actual literary study. We simultaneously need to investigate an arrival level and an achieved result when we applied Deleuze’s thinking method in literary study. An philosophical doing of Deleuze is creating work ‘New’ like an illegitimate child who was born by to practice sodomy between Deleuze and existing philosophers. It was an attempt to grasp chaos of living. He wanted to discover puissance of rhizomatic manifolds that has a virtual power in literature. Deleuze had constructed minority literary logic by to discover a concept of ‘people to come’ in literary text of F. Kafka, A. Artaud, D.H. Lawrence. Deleuze’s philosophy was taken in 1990’s in Korea and Duleze’s ways applied to study in literature is from 2002 in the concrete. But these studies were staying level to introduce his theory or a ‘theoretical toolbox’ that was utilized partially. They were incapable of presenting a process of creation itself that was constructed a field in potential-nature and could not reached a productive level of discourse ‘New’ from sodomy between Deleuze and existing philosophers. Today and this spot are the ‘when and where’ we was met the needs of a ‘productive misunderstanding’ and ‘creative misreading’ about Deleuze and his works.

이청준 소설의 지형도

임환모 ( Hwan Mo Lim ) 현대문학이론학회 2009 현대문학이론연구 Vol.0 No.37

『 태백산맥 』 의 텍스트성 / 『 태백산맥 』 의 서사 전략

임환모(Hwan Mo Lim) 현대문학이론학회 2001 현대문학이론연구 Vol.16 No.-

This thesis aims to explore the way in which a novel, Taebaeksanmaek written by Cho, Jung-rae which uses the various historical strategy in order to beautify a historical entirety. The main plot of Taebaeksanmaek focuses on the main conflict between classes and political circumstances. The main purpose of Taebaeksanmaek is based on to overcome the conflict raised in the text. In doing this, the text consists of various strategy as follows; Firstly, Cho, Jung-rae emphases the coherence between a landowner and a peasantry through various examples. Secondly Cho, Jung-rae uses a illustrative composition by choosing sub-texts technically. Thirdly he sets up characters by organically them as the relationship between Master and pupil. Taebaeksanmaek is considered as a historical saga novel by adopting historical strategy through using melodramatic plot motifs repeated, dialect and so on, which makes the novel more realistic.

한국인의 가치관과 윤리의식 연구 -조정래의 「태백산맥」을 중심으로

임환모 ( Hwan-mo Lim ) 한국문학이론과 비평학회 2001 한국문학이론과 비평 Vol.13 No.-

This thesis aims to search Korean's sense of value and consciousness of moral by analysing Cho jung lae’s novel Taebaksanmak. There are five types of figures in the novel. For example 1. a conservative right- wing person, 2. people, 3. a reformative left wing person, 4, a reformative progressive person, 5. a conservative conscientious person. Cho focused on the problem of class by describing 1 and 3, and the problem of a nationality for establishing modem unified country by 3, 4 and 5. The conflict of the poor and the rich is a main axis to turn narration. In case this private dimension extends to a national one, the novel matters unification of a divided country. Thus, by this work which bases its narrational development on dialectic unify of private and nationality, Cho criticizes fetishism of conservative right-wing people who are governing class in 40s and 50s and proves that this value prevents unification of South and North. But it does not mean that the value of reformative left -wing people who emphasize the purity of revolution and goal to construct socialism is superior to that. Their practice is not for man but for system which is a dogma to subordinate human. Cho would find affirmative moral value of Korean in conservative conscientious people who show mature humanity and reformative progressive people who pursuit harmony of nation and value of co-existence by their critical intelligence. Especially Cho takes an attention to people’s potential power which is revealed when their hope to live in equality is blocked.

이청준 소설의 알레고리적 욕망 -『당신들의 천국』을 중심으로-

임환모 ( Lim Hwan-mo ) 한국문학이론과 비평학회 2021 한국문학이론과 비평 Vol.93 No.-

This article explores how the totalization of meaning is possible while the desire of the reader and the writer and characters interacted through the narrator, focusing on Lee Cheong-jun's Your Heaven. In order to achieve this purpose, the method of salvation pursued by allegorical desire and its possibilities are explored by interpreting Brooks' concept of 'plot' and Benjamin's concept of 'allegory'. The figurative meaning of this work is first, the desire of a freedom fo Jo Baek-heon, that starts from the ruler's desire and gradually discovers a human-like life order and pursues an altruistic life, and the idealistic libertarian Lee Sang-wook's desire that transcends the relationship between domination and subjection, and the desire of presbyter Hwang Hee-baek, a realist who aspires to a community of self-sufficient and free life, forms a counterpoint topology. Second, the main character, Jo Baek-heon, transforms from a ruler who rationally manages leprosy and hospitals to a powerful politician for the reconstruction of Sorok Island, and eventually fails and leaves the island, and returns to the form of a free man who practices altruistic love. make an escape By creating a 'good fascist' called Jo Baek-heon, the artist not only echoes the reality of the Yushin dictatorship in the 1970s, but also pursues the three-term constitutional reform and permanent rule of the Yushin system, even though Park Chung-hee achieved technological modernity after May 16. It prophetically allegorizes the tragic history that follows the same process. Third, the desires of Lee Sang-wook and Hwang Hee-baek are complementary rather than opposite to desire of Jo Baek-heon. Each of these three characters desires the fate of a desirable community in their own situation and position. Finally, Lee cheong-june repeatedly uses the recursive structure of failure and frustration, leaving and returning as a narrative motive, mise-en-abyme, to realize the artist's desire for 'free order'. As Jo Baek-heon embraces the contradictions of domination and liberation, the desire of free people to overcome the contradictions has become a core theme pursued by Lee, cheong-jun after this work.

1960년대 한국문학의 분기 현상

임환모 ( Hwan Mo Lim ) 현대문학이론학회 2014 현대문학이론연구 Vol.0 No.58

Any age and literature reflected society and society have been imitated. Literature are fed up with diagnosis and prescription about those days reality, the dream of the community for the future. Modern literature which can be linguistic art abut dimension of capitalist life has been divided into various aspects was due to literary property. It was very closely connected between the foundation of social life and literature. A variety of eruption that was distinguished fro and era before in literary history occurred in the 1930s and the 1960s. Japan`s capital is monopoly was introduced to Korea to overcome the global economic crisis in 1930s and a capitalistic economic system of disabled form were formed. With factories were built and the city was formed, the feudal caste system became modern social hierarchy society suddenly and the logic of market capitalism were formed. Korea literature in 1930`s that had a preoccupation or reflected such a social differentiation phenomenon made it possible various experiments of the aesthetic form. It is time to spilt of emotion in Korea literature in 1960s like 1930s. A model of modernization in Korea can seek to antagonism between a spiritualism series of 4.19 and a descriptivism series of 5.16. Confrontation and Conflict between protege forces of 4.19 who were free from the oppression of all authority that was liberation of the modernity and protege forces of 5.16 who sought to maximize productivity to be based on instrumental rationality that was technology of modernity. Although, collaboration and antagonism between two series raised the new sensitivities and was possible the linguistic division of emotional things. And then, the literary spectrum in this time could be very wide and glamorous. Characteristics of intellectual history of Korean literature in 1960s were, first, the spirit of rationality and freedom settled in intellectuals society, and then it had been enabled the birth of literary subject by modern critical intelligence. Novels of Choi In-hoon, Kim Jeong-han, Lee cheong-joon and poems of Kim Soo-young, Shin Dong-yeop showed the self-awareness for each individual and ethnic entities. Secondary, the advent of the Hangul generation and new sensibility were done extensively manifestations and allowed the divide subject`s birth who had caused a split in language of emotional things. Popularly known as the 4.19 generation, these young writers had confidence in the autonomy of literature to based on a through awareness of language. They are divided into two antagonistic conflict to ‘Moon-ji’ series who were based on a aesthetic autonomy and a modern individualism and ‘Chang-bi’ series who valued social modernity and targeted the problem of literary practice, through this, they expanded the amplitude of the literature. Lastly, the point is that the real meaning of the capitalistic system of life began to be built in Korean society from 1960s. Strongly propelled Modernization project by development dictatorship was accelerating industrialization, urbanization of our society. In this process, traditional order and thinking way were destroyed, and a new way of splitting the sensitivity was to emerge.

한국 소설의 근대성 실현에 관한 연구 -근대성 담론과 연구사를 중심으로

임환모 ( Hwan Mo Lim ) 현대문학이론학회 2004 현대문학이론연구 Vol.0 No.23

By researching a discourse and a study of modernity, this study intends to stand out that what is a frame of modernity to spread over phenomenon in global and how a frame of modernity is embodied to connect in a Korean particularity. It should be to show a direction of study on the Korean Modern Fiction. The result of this study is following; 1) The Modernity is an effort that a human being is to realize productive rationality. The positive aspect of productive rationality is the bourgeoisie`s social-historical modernity, the negative aspect is an aesthetic modernity. 2) The origin of Korean Modern Fiction had been searched in period from the new-style fiction, Sinsosuhi written in `the time of flowering` to the Mujung, the work written by Lee, Kwang-su in 1917. The narrative discourse in this time was not a subordinate genre of literature as art but a writing of a rhetorical dimension. 3) In Fiction, the productive rationality was regularized from the Inhyungjojongsul written by Kim, dong-in in 1919, and had been realized to the Gamja a(1925). 4) The aesthetic modernity that was characterized by self-deconstructed planning mainly had been gotten accomplished by writers of the Guinhwi , the literary group in the middle of 1930s. 5) While the research of the origin and a rational modernity in the Korean Modern Fiction have made a through investigation of the modernity as contemporary or regime, the formation of autonomous identity etc, the research of aesthetic modernity have made a object of study that was experiences of the writer and reader about modernity, the subject`s confronted aspect, a contravention and deviation, a inner form and nan-ative layer in fiction. 6) As the necessity about a study among departments enlarged, the study of modernity got activation. It is available that have been to examine the nature of Korean Modern Fiction through negotiating between a internal and external modernity, but, is criticized that simplifies only one frame. Drawing deduction from the result of this study, the study on Korean Modern Fiction have an important matter that brings light on how to have some connection with a convention, modern and post-modern that mixed in a social situation and an aspect of complicated discourse.

『한국언어문학』 현대문학 분야 수록논문분석

임환모(Lim Hwan-Mo) 한국언어문학회 2003 한국언어문학 Vol.51 No.-

This thesis is written to celebrate of the forty anniversary of "The Korean Language & Literature Society of Korea". The contents of this thesis checks up the flow and direction of study on Korean modern literature that I analyzed 365 piece of thesis into a genre. They had been written from 1963 to 2002. The classification according to genre like this: a study on fiction - 175 (49.15%), a study on poetry - 116(32.58%), a study on a literary history or criticism -37(10.39%), a study on drama -14(3.93%), a study on the education of literature - 13(3.65%), a study on essay - 1(0.28%). The distinctive features of those studies are that it is as follows: First, the early period, the chief part of those studies was a study on the principles of literature, after that, in the latter half of the 70's, the study of work that makes researches in internal principal of text is getting increasing. But the great part of those had a limit that is, a projection, commentary and a process of poetics work separately. Second, an aspect of an object of study, those were researching on works or writers of the front of 1945 - The Korean liberation besides, the reason why a few of writers were studied those had showed disposition of region. Third, the study of literature was activated by the rising researchers that they enter the stage since 1990. Therefore, the study on Korean Modem literature should expand the object of study and next, the study should make preparations for The Korean unification and third, we should raise a necessity of the literature study, the last, we should study better on contemporary literature.

『신문학』의 문학사적 위상

임환모 ( Lim Hwan-mo ) 현대문학이론학회 2017 現代文學理論硏究 Vol.0 No.70

이 논문은 한국전쟁기에 광주에서 4호까지 발간된 『신문학』 동인들의 창작활동과 동인지에 실린 작품들의 수준이 어느 정도였으며, 그들이 이룬 문학적 성과가 한국전쟁기의 문학적 공백을 어떻게 메꾸었는가를 천착함으로써 이 동인지의 문학적 위상을 밝히는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 1951년 6월에 창간된 『신문학』은 광주지역의 문인들(김현승, 박흡, 이동주, 이석봉, 서정주, 손철, 승지행, 이가형, 임병주, 김해석 등)이 중심이 되어 창간된 `순수 문학동인지`이다. 『신문학』의 문학사적 가치와 위상은 첫째, 민족어의 완성으로서 `문학의 성립`을 추구했던 1930년대 박용철, 김영랑 중심의 『시문학』의 문학적 전통을 창조적으로 계승하고 있다는 점에서 찾을 수 있다. 둘째, 이 동인들은 전쟁의 폐허 속에서 생존의 논리만이 지배적이던 광주지역의 흩어진 민심을 되돌리고 언어의 순수성을 통해 한국의 정신문화를 재건하려고 하였을 뿐만 아니라 이 지역에서 처음으로 문단을 형성하여 집단적인 문학 활동을 가능하게 하였다. 셋째, 『신문학』에 발표된 작품들이 훌륭한 예술성을 확보하고 있어서 한국전쟁기의 문학사 공백을 메꾸는데 크게 기여하고 있다. 시의 경우, 지난날들에 대한 자기성찰의 `길목`에서의 사유를 이미지화한 김현승의 「가을의 입상」, 일상의 삶에서 고독을 몽상하는 박흡의 「第四眠」, 전쟁의 폐허 위에서 민족의 전통적인 정서와 미풍양속을 축약된 언어로 율동감 있게 노래한 이동주의 「강강술레」, 사랑에의 희구를 춘향에 의탁해서 아름답게 이미지화한 서정주의 「춘향의 말 (3)」 등이 20여 년 전 『시문학』이 추구했던 순수 서정시의 예술성에 못지않은 언어미학을 보여주고 있다. 소설의 경우에는 오늘날까지 한국소설의 정전이라고 할 수 있는 황순원의 「소나기」(제4집)가 처음 발표되고, 이가형의 종군 위안부 소설 「귀항로에서」 (제2집)와 학도병 귀향소설인 「36계」(제4집)가 발표되어 식민지시대 일제의 폐해를 증언하고 있을 뿐만 아니라 해방과 전쟁의 혼란기에 지식인이 실존적 고뇌를 소설의 형식으로 보여주었다. 이가형의 소설들은 일제의 학도병과 종군 위안부의 문제를 본격적으로 다룬 첫 번째 소설이라는 점에서 의의가 크다. 그리고 비평의 경우, 조지훈의 첫시집 『풀잎 단장』에 대한 비평문을 당시 최고의 비평가였던 조연현이 써서 『신문학』에 발표했다는 점도 특기할 만하다. 한국전쟁이 한창이던 시절에 이러한 작품을 창작하고 발표하면서 문단을 형성한 『신문학』은 그 활동은 말할 것도 없고 작품의 문학성까지 갖추고 있기 때문에 한국문학사에서 차지하는 위상이 결코 만만치 않다. 따라서 현대문학사에서 『신문학』의 위상은 제고되어야 마땅할 것이다. This essay aims at illuminating the status on this literary coterie journal, The New Literature, which had been issued by the fourth edition in Gwang-Ju during the period of Korean War, so central to excavate creative writings of members of this coterie with the quality of published works, in particular how did their attainments fill spaces of literary absence during the Korean War. The New Literature, made its first appearance on June in 1951, `the first belles-lettres in HoNam province` was started and led by Men of letters in Gwang-Ju(Kim Hyun-Sung, Park Hup, Lee Dong-Ju, Lee Suk-Bong, Seo Jung-ju, Son Chul, Sung Ji-Hang, Lee Ga-Hyung, Im Byung-Ju, Kim Hae-Suk etc.) The New Literature`s value and status in literary history, in the first, could be found creative succession of the literary tradition from The Poetic Literature led by Park Young-Chul and Kim Young-Rang who sought `literary establishment` as a completion of national tongue in the 1930`s. Secondly, this men of letters enabled to form a literary group and then promote literature activities in this area for the first time, furthermore, to restore the dispersed public sentiments in Gwang-Ju province where the logics of survival dominated in the war-torn nation and to rebuild the korean spiritual culture through the linguistic authenticity. Thirdly, The works issued in The New Literature contribute greatly to fill a temporary vacuum of literary history on account of being secure the splendid artistry during the period of Korean War. In case of poetry, Kim Hyun-Sung`s `Autumn Statue` imagined thoughts on the corner of introspection for the old days, Park Hup`s `the Fourth Slumbers` lost in reverie of the solitude in the daily life, Lee Dong-Ju`s `GangGangSullae` sung rhythmically the ethnic sentiment and the laudable custom with a concise language on the ashes of the war, Seo Jung-Ju`s `The Parol of Chun-Hyang(3)` portrayed beautifully a love desire to an image relying on Chun-Hyang, those works display such linguistic aesthetics no less artistry than pure lyric poem pursued by The Poetic Literature about a score of years ago. In case of novel, until theses days, Hwang Sun-Won`s `A Sudden Shower`(the 4th vol.) has been first published and `On the homeward`(the 2nd vol.), the fiction on the comfort women by Lee Ga-Hyung and the student soldier Home-Coming story `Runs for His Life`(the 4th vol.) ensued. These works testified to the fact about the evils of Japanese imperialism during the colonial era and bespoke an existential struggle of intellectuals with a format of a novel in the chaotic war-time. Lee Ga-Hyung`s novels have greater significance in terms of which he dealt in earnest with the matters on the student soldier and the comfort women of the Japanese imperialism. Lastly, in case of critics, It deserves special mention that Cho Yeon-Hyeon wrote a review and was issued in The New Literature on Cho Ji-Hun, his first book of poetry, The Grass with Dressing-Up. It goes without saying, of course, that The New Literature activated on remarkably writing and presenting such works in the prime time of the Korean War, its status obtains pretty huge in the korean literary history owing to combining the literary value as well. Therefore, the status of The New Literature is now deserved well of re-consideration in the history of modern literature.

물의 형상성과 건강한 생명력

임환모(Lim, Hwan-mo) 전남대학교 한국어문학연구소 2014 전남대학교 한국어문학연구소 학술지 어문논총 Vol.- No.26

35편의 시가 실린 『파도의 말』(1972)은 손광은 시인이 고뇌와 열정으로 보낸 젊은 날의 생생한 기록들이다. 1962년 김현승의 추천으로 문단에 나오면서 당당하게 시적 반란을 선포하였다. 그는 「나의 반란」에서 노자가 말하는 물의 속성을 “군단처럼 밀리고, 흐르고, 휘도는/ 誘導性”으로 파악한다. 이 물의 속성을 형상화하는 것은 곧 시인의 내면에 의식과 무의식을 가로지르는 감각적인 것들의 분할이 물처럼 자연스럽게 이루어지는 것을 말한다. 그래서 시인의 주름진 삶의 과정에서 특정한 순간에 경험하는 “영혼을 흔들어준 시간들의 모임”이 그의 시의 세계를 이룬다. 대부분의 시들에는 유동적인 물의 이미지가 구체화되어 있다. ‘물두렁’으로서의 ‘파도’는 시인의 무의식적 욕망의 역동성을 표현하는 메타포이다. 그런데 이 파도는 시인의 자의식을 자극하고 자꾸만 부끄러움을 불러일으킨다. 사월혁명의 정신을 적극적으로 실천하지 못함에서 오는 부채의식은 「파도의 말」에 잘 드러난다. 이런 경향의 시들에는 ‘거대한 참여’와 반성적인 자기성찰의 결합이 물처럼 자연스럽지 않다. 다시 시인이 물의 세계를 닮으러 낮아지면서 일상생활에서 부딪치는 욕망의 세계와 세속적 이해관계에서 비켜서게 되면 시의 건강성은 회복된다. 유동적인 물의 이미지가 시인의 원초적인 경험의 세계와 맞물리면서 노동의 건강성과 강인한 생명력이 형상성을 얻게 된 것이다. 「보리타작」과 「직녀도」가 그런 경우이다. 그러나 정작 손광은 시의 매력은 유동적인 이미지가 만들어내는 서정성에 있다. 그러한 서정성이 「노을」과 「그늘」에서처럼 시인과 자연이 하나 되는 격물치지의 경지를 보여주면서도 거기에 강인한 생명력을 부여하고 있기 때문이다. Words of waves(1972) that has 35-poems is vibrant records in youth of Son Gwang-eun"s anguish and passion. He unabashedly proclaimed poetic-revolution with he started his literary career through the recommendation Kim hyun seug in 1962. He was apprehended a inner nature of water by Lao Tzu"s saying as "induction, like crops, pilling, flowing, rounding" with "my revolution". It is to say to figurate inner nature of water that is naturally to be to take place division of sensual things in inner that might cross between the consciousness and unconsciousness to flow like water. Then, his poems word was constructed by "a group of rocking time of soul that was experienced a particular moment of the poet"s wrinkled to get in the course of life. It was to have been to embodiment of a fluid image of water in most poems. Waves in "a levee of water" is a metaphor to express dynamic of an unconscious desire of poet. But this waves stimulated the poet"s self-conscious and aroused shame frequently. A debt-awareness to be caused by not practice about the spirit of april revolution well exposed in Words of waves. A combination between "massive participation" and self-reflexive introspection is unnatural like water in this trend of poems. Again, with resemble in the water word the poet decreases his attitude, he moved aside the world of desire and earthly interests so that poetic-healthy was to get back. Health of labour and strong of vitality was obtained the figurativity with a fluid image of water to go in gear with primitive experience of the world. "Barley thresh" and "the painting of Vega" are prime examples. But a attraction of Son"s poems is to poetics to make fluid image actually. Such a poetics like "a glow" and "the shade" was to show to reach a state of the properties of things, and there is a strong vitality to them.