압력변화에 따른 퀴놀린 유도체와 p-치환 염화벤조일류의 속도론적 연구

임종완,김세경,Jong-Wan Lim,Se-Kyong Kim 대한화학회 2003 대한화학회지 Vol.47 No.3

온도(10, 15, 20, $25^{\circ}C$)와 압력(1, 200, 500, 1000 bar) 변화에 따라 p-치환염화벤조일류$(p-CH_3,\;p-H,\;p-NO_2)$와 퀴놀린 유도체(quinoline, 6-chloroquinoline)의 반응을 아세토니트릴 용매내에서 전기전도도법에 의하여 속도상수$(k_2)$를 구하였다. 이로부터 여러 활성화파라미터-활성화에너지$(Ea,\;{\Delta}V^{\neq},\;{\Delta}H^{\neq},\;{\Delta}S^{\neq}, \;{\Delta}G^{\neq})$를 구하였으며, 또한 Hammett반응상수 ${\rho}_X$와 기질의 치환기 효과에따른 ${\rho}_Y$를 구하였다. 속도상수는 온도와 압력 증가에 따라 증가하였으며, 친핵체인 quinoline과 기질에 전자 받게 치환기$(p-NO_2)$가 치환된 경우 더욱 증가 하였다. 이때 활성화부($({\Delta}V^{\neq})$, 활성화엔트로피$({\Delta}S^{\neq})$는 모두 음의 값으로 나타났으며, 모든 압력 조건에 따라서 친핵체의 치환기 효과 ${\rho}_X$는 음의 값을 ${\rho}_Y$는 양의 값을 나타내었다. 이러한 속도론적인 연구 결과 전반적인 반응은 $S_N2$ 반응메카니즘을 따르며, 압력이 증가함에 따라 결합형성이 진전되어지는 반응 메카니즘으로 진행됨을 알 수 있었다. The reaction rates of substituted quinolines (6-Clqui., qui.) with p-substituted benzoylchlorides $(p-CH_3,\;p-H,\;p-NO_2)$ have been measured by conductometry in acetonitrile, and the rate constants are determined at various temperatures (10, 15, 20, $25^{\circ}C$) and pressures (1, 200, 500, 1000 bar). From the values of rate constants, the activation parameters $(Ea,\;{\Delta}V^{\neq},\;{\Delta}H^{\neq},\;{\Delta}S^{\neq}, \;{\Delta}G^{\neq})$and the pressure dependence of Hammett ρ values were determined. The rate constants increased with increasing temperatures and pressures, and are further increased to introduction to the electron acceptor substituents in substrate $(p-NO_2)$ with quinoline. The activation volume and the activation entropy are all negative. And the Hammett p values are negative for nucleophile ${\rho}_X$ and positive for the substrate ${\rho}_Y$ over the pressure range studied. The results of kinetic studies for pressure and substituent show that these reactions proceed through a typical $S_N2$ reaction mechanism and "associative $S_N2$" favoring bond formation with increasing pressures.

화란의 자연보전지역과 일본의 인공간석지 조성

임종완,Lim Jong-wan 한국관개배수위원회 1999 한국관개배수논문집 Vol.6 No.1

새로운 방식의 나사형 인공디스크 고정체 해석

임종완,양현익,Lim, Jong-Wan,Yang, Hyun-Ik 대한의용생체공학회 2010 의공학회지 Vol.31 No.1

The various total replacement artificial discs have developed because spinal fusion has shown a lesser mobility of an operated segment and an accelerated degeneration at adjacent discs. But almost artificial discs have not yet been reached on the substitute surgery of fusion because many problems such as those clinical success rates were not more than them of fusion have not solved. In this paper, vertically inserted assemble-screw fixture in vertebrae was proposed to improve the fixed capability of artificial disc. And also, to evaluate the design suitability of newly designed screw-type, including fixtures of commercial discs such as wedge and plate type, the 1/4 finite element model with a vertebra and various implanted fixtures were generated, and next, 3 bending motions such as flexion, bending and twisting under the moment of 10Nm and compression under the force of 1000N were considered, respectively and finally, FE analyses were performed. Results of three fixture types were compared, such as Range of Motion and maximal stress, and so on. For ROM, the screw type was average 58% less than the wedge type and was average 42% less than the plate type under all loading conditions. For average stress ratio at closer nodes between vertebra and each fixture, the wedge type was the lowest as minimum 0.02 in twisting, screw types were the highest as maximum 0.28 in compression. As the results of using cement material, it was predicted that the instability problem of the wedge type was better solved. The screw type which could be increased by implanting depth according to the number of assembling mid screws, showed that the decreased tendency of ROMs and maximal cancellous bone stresses. In further study, controlling the number of assembling screws that was suitable for a patient's bone quality, development of surgical tools and keeping on design supplementations, which will be able to develop the competitive artificial disc.

수질환경기준 개선방안

임종완,Lim Jong-Wan 한국관개배수위원회 2001 한국관개배수논문집 Vol.8 No.2

고화제를 첨가한 도시고형폐기물 바닥재의 중금속 용출특성 연구

임종완(Jong Wan Lim),임성택(Sung Taek Im),정지은(Ji Eun Jeong),동종인(Jong In Dong),김송호(Song Ho Kim),황용우(Yong Woo Hwang) 대한환경공학회 2004 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2004 No.12

치환 Tepyridine 리간드를 가진 옥소루테늄 착물에 의한 알켄산화반응의 반응속도록적 연구

임종완 ( Jong Wan Lim ),여환진 ( Hwan Jin Yeo ) 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 1998 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.22 No.-

The 4`-substituted terpyridines were synthesized. Their sperctral properyies have been investigated by means of1H-NMR and mass spectrometer. Also, aseries of new aqua- or oxo-ruthenium complexes containing the tridentate meridonal ligand Xtpy ligand substituted in the 4` positions with electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups of general formula [Ru(y)(Xtpy)(bpy)]2+(X=ph, EtO, Cl, Me2N ; Y =H2O, O) have been prepared and characterized. Their specral properties have been investigated by means of UV-Vis, 1H-NMR and FT-IR spectrometer. The kinetics of styrene oxidation by[RuO(Xtpy)(bpy)]2+ complexes were studied spectrophotometrically by monitoring the increasing of the 400-500nm of oxo ruthenium complexes in actonitrile. The results of the oxidation reaction clearly demonstrate that the rate of oxidation isdependent on the electronic properties of oxoruthenium complexes. The oxidation reactions were studied at three diffetent temperatures(15, 25, 35°). The experimental data support the operation of an associative interchange mechanism in which cleavage of the Ru= O bond and formation fo an O-styrene bond have equal importance.

안정화제를 첨가한 생활폐기물 소각시설 바닥재의 중금속 용출특성에 관한 연구

임종완 ( Jong Wan Lim ),동종인 ( Jong In Dong ) 한국공업화학회 2015 공업화학 Vol.26 No.6

In this study, the reduction efficiencies of leachate heavy metal levels were investigated by adding Al2O3 and CaO to the bottom ash to observe their effects on the heavy metals leachate reduction efficiency. The ratio of Al2O3 and CaO contents were varied by 10~40% (W/W) alongside different curing time of 7 and 28 days. The reduction efficiencies of leachate heavy metal levels were estimated to be 69.3% for Cu and 52.1% for Pb during the curing time of 7 days. For the curing time of 28 days, the efficiencies changed to 85.2 and 100% for Cu and Pb, respectively. It was thus confirmed that the high reduction efficiency could be obtained as the curing time increased.

담수호(淡水湖) Multiple Box 수질모형(水質模型)의 개발(開發)과 적용(適用)

임종완 ( Lim Jong Wan ),권순국 ( Kwun Soon Kuk ) 한국농공학회 1989 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.31 No.4

A multiple box model which is suitable for the prediction of water quality in shallow lakes with active mixing is a water quality model expected to be used widely in estuary reservoir. In this study, a multiple box water quality model for estuary reservoirs (MBQER) was developed arid the applicability of the MBQER was tested by applying data obtained from Asan-estuary reservoir. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. 1. The MBQER, dynamic water quality model, was developed to estimate 10-day water qualities of estuary reservoirs. For the proper analysis and the application of hydraulics needed to build a model, lake hydraulics was simplified by condisering only hydrological inflow and lake mixing currents. The box division in the MBQER is longitudinal one dimension for upper and middle part, and two layers for lower part of the reservoir. 2. The methods of box division for the multiple box model were examined and applied to Asan-estuary reservoir. For determining the number of boxes, Pe number and Pk number were used. In case of three boxes, the error by the model simplification would be estimated about 5% Therefore, in Asan reservoir, the proper number of boxes was three. 3. The MBQER was calibrated and verified using measured data in Asan-estuary reservoir from 1986 to 1988. The Root Mean Squares(RMS) for the differences between measured data and simulated results by the MBQER were 1.10℃ for water temperature, 75.8mg/l for salinity, 0.082mg/l for total-phosphorus showing good estimations. 4. Through the simulation of water temperature and salinity by the MBQER, the exchange flow and the mixing coefficients for the estuary lake were determined. As a result of simulation, the horizontal mixing coefficients in Asan-estuary reservoir were in the range of 1.07X 10⁵ to 1.12X 10⁵ ㎠/sec and vertical mixing coefficient was 2.90X 10^-1㎠/sec.

고형연료제품 성상 변화에 따른 연소특성에 관한 연구

임종완 ( Jong Wan Lim ),동종인 ( Jong In Dong ),윤균덕 ( Kyoon Duck Yoon ),심재용 ( Jae Young Shim ) 한국공업화학회 2015 공업화학 Vol.26 No.6

A basic research for utilizing solid refuse fuel (SRF) based on changing SRF properties (RDF, RPF) and types (pellet, fluff) is demonstrated. Physicochemical characteristics of SRF and also changes in thermal decomposition depending on combustion time and emission gas (NOx, CO, HCl, etc) concentration were investigated for applications to waste energy sources. In conclusion, RPF is easy to pelletize, and has better combustion efficiency, higher LHV, higher thermal reduction, and short combustion time because it is composed of plastic wastes homogeneously. Also, fluff type samples have better combustion efficiency, and short combustion time because it has wider exposed surface area for combustion. It can also save energy consumption for pelletizing.

고압하에서의 이소퀴놀린과 브롬화 벤질류의 반응에 관한 속도론적인 연구

김영철,임종완,최성용,Kim, Young Cheul,Lim, Jong Wan,Choi, Sung Yong 대한화학회 1998 대한화학회지 Vol.42 No.2

Kinetic studies on the reaction of isoquinoline with para-substituted benzylbromides were conducted under various pressures (1 ~1000 bar) in acetonitrile. From the rate constants obtained, the activation parameters such as$\DeltaV^{\neq}, \Delta\beta^{\neq}, \DeltaH^{\neq}, \DeltaS^{\neq}, \DeltaG^{\neq}$ and Ea were evaluated. Reaction rate increasing the pressure and temperature. The activation compressibility coefficient and the activation entropy showed negative values. From the substituent effect and the results, it was found that the reaction proceeds through $S_N2$ mechanism, but the structure of transition state was slightly changed with substituents and pressure. Acetonitrile 용매내에서 isoquinoline과 치한된 benzylbromide의 반응을 압력변화(1~1000bar)에 따라 반응속도론적으로 연구하였다. 속도상수로부터 활성화파라미터들을 $\(DeltaV^{\neq}, \Delta\beta^{\neq}, \DeltaH^{\neq}, \DeltaS^{\neq}, \DeltaG^{\neq},Ea)$구하였다. 온도가 증가함에 따라 속도상수는 증가 하고, $\DeltaV^{\neq}, \Delta\beta^{\neq},및 \DeltaS^{\neq}$는 모두 음의 값으로 나타내었다. 치환기효과와 실험 결과로 부터 반응메카니즘을 고찰한 결과 전체적인 반응은 $S_{N}2$반응 메카니즘으로 진행되나, 치환체와 압력변화에 따라 전이상태 구조에 약간의 변화가 있었다.