언론노동사 연구의 동향과 전망

임영호(Im Yung-Ho) 서울대학교 언론정보연구소 1992 언론정보연구 Vol.29 No.-

미디어 생산(자) 연구의 방법론적 쟁점 : 전통적 미디어 대상 연구를 중심으로

임영호(Yung-Ho Im) 한국언론정보학회 2020 한국언론정보학보 Vol.101 No.-

이 연구는 그간 국내에서 나온 전통적 미디어 관련 생산(자) 연구의 동향을 검토하면서 주로 연구설계와 분석과정에서 발생하는 방법론적 쟁점들을 살펴본다. 구체적으로 국내 생산(자) 연구가 지향하는 문제의식은 어떤 것인지, 이에 비추어 수집한 자료에서 이론적 범주를 추출하고 개념화하는 과정에서 나타나는 특징은 무엇인지, 연구대상을 접근하는 방법론적 전략에서 드러난 한계는 무엇인지, 그리고 주어진 여건에서 가능한 대안적 연구 전략은 어떤 것이 있는지 살펴본다. 국내 생산(자) 연구는 행위자 중심의 접근과 의미의 탐구라는 문화연구의 문제의식에서 출발해 다양한 사회적 구조적 세력들의 영향과 행위자의 주관성이 교차하는 과정의 복합적 특성을 ‘진한 기술’로 정리하려 한다. 하지만 그간 참여관찰에서 접근성의 제약, 관찰에서의 불명확성, 수집한 진술 자료에 대한 무비판적 해석 등의 방법론적 한계때문에 생산(자) 연구는 양적 팽창에도 불구하고 질적 수준의 진전에서 한계를 드러냈다. 이러한 논의를 바탕으로 이 글은 방법론적 측면에서 가능한 대안적 전략으로 참여관찰과 인터뷰 이외의 대안적 연구방법의 모색, 복합방법의 모색, 조직을 넘어서 분석 단위의 확대, 진술문의 비판적 분석 기법 등을 대안으로 제안한다. This paper aims to examine research trends and methodological issues in media production studies in Korea, with specific emphasis on traditional media. In particular, this review article addresses following questions: what do ‘production studies’ mean in the domestic literature?; what are the characteristics in the process of theoretical conceptualization?; what are the distinct limitations in methodological strategies?; what are the available alternatives in the current circumstances? Based on a culturally inspired notion of production studies, the mainstream production studies attempt to grasp the complex and ‘thick’ processes where the straining structural forces intersect with the active subjectivities of agents. However, the quality of most research has failed to match the rapid proliferation of relevant literature, due to diverse reasons, such as the limited access to the sites, the obscure notion of observation, and the uncritical reception of interview data. Consequently, the author suggests experimenting with more flexible and creative approaches, such as diverse unorthodox methods, critical analyses of interview data, combinations of multiple methods, and an expansion of units of analysis.

공간 이론을 통해 본 한국 방송학의 정체성 문제

임영호(Im Yung-Ho) 한국방송학회 2002 한국방송학보 Vol.16 No.2

이 논문은 지역 방송 관련 연구에서 공간적 차원을 어떤 이론적 틀로 파악하고 있는지 살펴봄으로써 방송학의 연구 경향에 나타난 문제점을 비판한다. 지역 방송 연구에서 공간 현상을 이해하는 툴은 주로 ′기술적ㆍ지리적 공간′이나′규범적 공간′ 개념에 국한되어 있고 사회과학적 문제의식에 따라 공간 문제를 파악하려는 노력은 매우 적었다. 공간 이론을 통해 볼 때 방송학에서 사회과학적 문제의식 부족이나 이론적 빈곤은 두드러진 경향으로 나타나고 있다. 이는 방송학이 현실과 밀착된 수요 지향적 ′정책과학′으로서 현실과 거리를 두고 이론적 성찰의 자세를 취하지 못한 것과 관련이 있다. 이렇게 되면 방송학은 학문적 영역으로서 정체성이 모호해질 뿐 아니라 현실에 대해 적극적으로 의제를 주도할 능력을 갖추기 쉽지 않게 된다. This paper examines how broadcasting research in Korea, especially local-broadcasting research, deals theoretically with spatial dimension in broadcasting phenomena and attempts to identify the research trends and criticize the problematics in that discipline. The literature on local-broadcasting research mostly tends to understand spatial phenomena either in terms of ′technical-geographical′ or ′normative′ space and few researchers pay serious attention to ′social space,' i.e., social aspects of space. The lack of social-scientific or theoretical mind seems to be persistent tendency in Korean broadcasting research. This theoretical blindness or myopia is closely related to the characteristics of the discipline as a policy science, which has emphasized knowledge production in timely response to demands from the real world and failed to develop critical and reflective perspectives to the reality. This area may benefit tremendously from adjacent social-scientific disciplines. Consequently, the identity of broadcasting research in Korea as an academic discipline is apparently obscure and unstable and, despite its active participation in policy-making process, its capability to set policy agenda is limited as well.

방송 프로듀서와 기자의 커리어 경로 패턴과 규정요인

임영호(Yung-Ho Im) 한국방송학회 2008 방송통신연구 Vol.- No.66

사회자본이 방송 경력 기자의 직장 이동에 끼치는 영향

임영호(Yung-Ho Im),김은미(Eun-Mee Kim) 한국방송학회 2006 한국방송학보 Vol.20 No.1

어쩌다 ‘문화연구자’의 문화연구 편력

임영호(Yung-Ho Im) 한국문화연구학회 2022 문화연구 Vol.10 No.2

문화연구란 무엇인가? 이 글은 연구자 개인의 다양한 문화연구 편력에 대한 성찰을 통해 이 질문에 대한 해답을 모색하려 한다. 문화연구는 문제의식, 이론 공부, 연구 전략이라는 세 가지 차원에서 파악할 수 있다. 연구자는 이 세 가지 차원에서 주류 문화연구자와 거리를 두고 접근하면서 나름대로 문화연구 방식을 모색해왔다. 문화연구는 기본적으로 현실에 대한 비판적인 정치적 문제의식에서 출발해야 하는데, 현재의 문화연구는 1980년대에 비판 사회과학의 문제의식을 점차 망각하고 이론적 유희에 빠져드는 경향이 있다. 나는 이러한 이유로 문화연구와 거리를 둔 채 다양한 사회/문화이론을 섭렵하면서 한국적인 상황에 맞는 문제의식을 탐색하려 하였다. 연구 전략 측면에서는 처음에는 지성사적 접근으로 문화연구의 문제의식에 대한 비판적 성찰에 주력하는 방식에 주력했으나, 저널리즘 연구나 다양한 질적 방법론을 활용한 질적 연구방법 등의 탐색을 통해 연구 전략을 다변화하는 방향을 지향하게 됐다. 이러한 시행착오 경험을 통해 지속가능한 문화연구의 정립을 위해서는 이 세 가지 차원에서 좀 더 치열한 고민과 전략 마련이 필요하다는 제안을 제시한다. What is cultural studies? This paper attempts to answer this question through a reflection on tmy personal experience as a ‘non-conformist’ cultural theorist. It may be feasible to define cultural studies in terms of problematic, theory (or theories), and research strategies. I have tried to grope for a personally right formulation, while maintaining distance with the mainstream cultural studies both in the United State and Korea. Given that mainstream cultural studies have embroiled themselves into theoretical sophistication at the expense of critical inquiry into the social reality, I have attempted to develop political-theoretical sensitivity to domestically legitimate problematics relying upon a broad spectrum of social-cultural theories. In terms of a research strategy, I would like to suggest experimentations with a variety of approach, ranging from intellectual-history, empirical journalism studies to collective qualitative research, all of which have contributed to my version of cultural studies in their own ways. I conclude my review with a suggestion that, for a sustainable model of cultural studies, we need to develop multi-level strategies in studying and teaching theories as well as viable research strategies for next generation of scholars.

신문사진에 나타난 신화의 유형

임영호 ( Yung Ho Im ),김보영 ( Bo Young Kim ),최수정 ( Sue Jung Choi ) 한국지역언론학회 2008 언론과학연구 Vol.8 No.2

This exploratory paper attempts to extract types of myth in news photographs of Korean dailies. Previous research on the cultural meaning of photographs hardly went beyond an illustrative discussion vindicating the versatile values of textual analysis. Consequently, this paper depended upon both qualitative and quantitative research methods, in order to sort out common types of myth and examine their features. A qualitative analysis found eleven common types of myth, including some of Lule`s typology (such as the Victim, the Scapegoat, the Good Mother, the Trickster, the Other, and the Flood) as well as new types (such as the Family/Nation, the Challenge/Competition, the Progress). Such a reshuffled typology illustrates how the specific forms of myth formulate themselves depending on the cultural-historical context. The distribution pattern of myths reveals that `the Pseudo-hero` is the most recurrent myth in news photos, followed by the Scapegoat and the Victim. The authors also cross-analysed how the distribution patterns of myth shift in accordance with news sections and main actors of story. However, it turned out that a story, i.e., the basis of myth analysis, may not necessarily be extracted in most photographs, considerably limiting the usefulness of textual analysis for understanding the cultural meaning of photographs.

Media discourse and the struggle for editorial right: Shopfloor politics in the Korean press, 1987-2002

임영호 ( Yung Ho Im ) 부산대학교 언론정보연구소 2004 언론과 정보 Vol.10 No.1

한국 일간지 언론인의 커리어(career) 이동 특성에 관한 연구

임영호(Yung-Ho Im),김은미(Eunmee Kim),박소라(Sora Park) 한국언론학회 2004 한국언론학보 Vol.48 No.3

This is an empirical study on the career path of Korean journalists and how journalists move to the upper management level within a newspaper firm and what the characteristics are in the movement pattern between newspaper firms. We also sought to analyze the socio-economic variables that influence this movement between and within the newspaper firms. Korean newspaper firms have noted to have a very disclosed nature but have recently experienced some changes in the labor market. There has been more mobility within the newspaper labor market. In this study we examined the management level of 16 major newspaper firms, both at the national and local level, and tracked the movement path throughout the career. The newspaper labor market in Korea shows an internal labor market structure as with many other industries. Mobility between firms were very rare. Most of the management level executives started out in the same company as journalists. Also, executives of major newspaper firms start out in certain departments. In the case of local papers, the local network was an important factor in determining the probability of advancing to the executive level. Although mobility in the journalistic labor market has increased in recent years we cannot conclude that this is a critical change in the market dynamics and needs further scrutiny.

한국 신문의 지리적 시장 형태와 경쟁구조

임영호(Yung-Ho Im),김은미(Eun-mee Kim),박소라(Sora Park) 한국언론학회 2002 한국언론학보 Vol.46 No.3

In this paper we examine the geographic characteristics of daily newspapers in Korea using the readership share data. Founded on Rosse's umbrella competition model and central place theory, the geographical market structure and the competition between national and local newspapers were empirically analyzed. The national readership data of Korea Advertising Association were used to investigate the geographical competition structure in the readership market. The newspaper market in Korea is unique in the sense that national daily newspapers dominate most local markets. And within each local market there exists competition between local newspapers and also from newspapers originating from other local areas. Under the largest umbrella of national daily newspapers, there exists a diverse range of local newspapers in terms of size. Inter-city competition between local newspapers showed a different pattern in areas with relatively large metropolitan areas. In large metropolitan areas, the competition structure was similar to the umbrella model. However, in smaller cities there was no distinct one-way flow from larger cities to smaller cities. Further analysis shows that the market share of national newspapers are correlated with the 'distance' from the center, i. e. Seoul. As predicted, the size of market, migration of population, actual travel distance were all correlated with the readership of national papers. This study is an attempt to empirically test the Korean newspaper market and its competition structure, which is a relatively neglected field of study. The findings of this study adds to the literature of newspaper industry and its structure in terms of the geographical market and competition.