黃酸銅과 黃酸亞鉛의 葉面撒布가 칼슘의 培養條件이 다른 狀態에서 자란 '후지'實生의 Ca 移動性과 分劃別 칼슘農度에 미치는 影響

任悅宰 建國大學校 附設 自然科學硏究所 1992 建國自然科學硏究誌 Vol.3 No.-

本 試驗은 0.2% 黃酸銅 또는 0.2% 黃酸亞鉛의 葉面撤布時 培養液의 Ca濃度가 2ppm과 200ppm으로 서로 다른 條件에서 4주 동안 자란 11주된 사과 '후지實生 과 4가지 分劃別 칼슘의 濃度에 미치는 影響을 보고자 實施하였다. 葉面撤布 3주 후에 葉의 總칼슘의 濃度는 培養液의 칼슘 供給水準과 관계없이 모두 葉面撤布區와 無撤布區간에 차이가 없었다. 黃酸銅 葉面撤布區는 다른 處理區에 비하여 總 칼슘 濃度 중 固定性 칼슘인 HCl-Ca의 濃度가 낮고, 置換性 칼슘 (NaNO₃-Ca)의 濃度가 높은 경향이었다. 이 경향은 칼슘 高農度 灌注區(Ca 200ppm)보다는 칼슘 低濃度 灌注區(Ca 2ppm)에서 더 뚜렷하였다. 칼슘水準別로는 低濃度 灌注區가 高農度 灌注區에 비하여 모든 分劃에서 濃度가 현저히 낮았다. 葉面撤布시 뿌리에 灌注한 Ca은 黃酸銅 葉面撤布區 가 黃酸亞鉛 葉面撤布區나 無撤布區에 비하여 樹體下部의 葉과 줄기에서 Ca의 比放射能이 낮게 計測되었지만, 다른 部位에서는 葉面撤布 處理間에 일정한 경향을 보이지 않았다. 칼슘水準간에는 樹體 上下部의 줄기와 뿌리部位에서 低濃度 灌注區가 高濃度 灌注區에 비하여 Ca의 秘方射能이 현저하게 높게 計測되었다. 部位別로는 樹體 上部의 葉에서 樹體 下部의 葉보다 Ca의 蓄積이 현저하게 높았다. This ezpeiment was carried out to study the effects of foliar sprays of 0.2% cupric sulfate of 0.2% zinc sulfate on Ca mobility and 4 fractionated calcium concentrations in 11 week-old 'Fuji' apple seedings (Malus domstica Borkh.) grown under two different calcium conditions, 2ppm and 200ppm, for 4 weeks. At 3 weeks after foliar spray treatments, cupric sulfate of zinc sulfate sprays had no effect on total Ca concentrations of leaves in the apple seedlings regardless of calcium conditions in the nutrient solution. Of the total Ca concentration, the distribution of Ca extracted with 2N HCl, which is considered as fixed-Ca, was lower in the leaves of apple seedlings sprayed with 0.2% cupric sulfate than in those of other treatments. Whereas the distributionn of Ca extracted with 1N NaNO₃ which iis considered as exchangeable Ca, was higher in the former than in the latter trees. The tendancy was more clear in the seedlings grown under low Ca level than in the seedlings grown under high Ca level. Leaf Ca concentration of the seedlings supplied with low Ca level was significantly lower than that of the seedlings supplied with high Ca level in all foliar spray treatments. The accumulation of root-applied Ca at the time of foliar application was lower in the leaf and stem of lower parts of the seedlings sprayed with 0.2% cupric sulfate than those of the seedlings sprayed with 0.2% zinc sulfate and the unsprayed seedlings. But no differences were observed in accumulation of Ca in the other parts of the seedlings among foliar spray treatments. In all foliar spray treatments, radioactivity of Ca was detected higher in stem and root parts of the seedlings grown under low Ca level than those grown under high Ca level. The radioactivity of Ca detected significantly higher in leaves of upper parts than in lower parts of the seedlings in all treatments.

과수 심포지엄 주제: “21세기를 대비한 우리나라 사과재배 방향”

임열재 한국원예학회 1997 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.15 No.1

유수와 같이 흘러간 지난 43년을 되돌아보며

임열재 한국원예학회 2013 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.2013 No.5

Calmodulin유전자의 Sense와 Antisense구조를 가진 감자 Transgenic Plant의 기내 생장과 발육

任悅宰 建國大學校 自然科學硏究所 1995 建國自然科學硏究誌 Vol.6 No.-

Single-node stem segments of transgenic potaot plants(solanum tuberosun L. var. FL1607) carrying patatin promotor fused to sense or antisense construct of PCM1 were used to investigate in vitro growth and development of them as influenced by different sucrose concentrations in thed가 or light(16th/day) at 16℃. During 15days after treatments, a tuber formed at the etiolated shoot sprouted from the auxiliary bud of single-node stem segments only in the dark condition. Tuberization was increased by increasing the sucrose concentration in the media. The stem segments grown in the media without sucrose, which were cultured under the dark or light conditions, showed little growth and development. Tuber induction was delayed in the sense plant as compared to the control plant. There was little difference between control and antisense plants in tuber formation. In the light condition, the sprouting shoot from the bud showed upright growth in the low sucrose concentration(2%) and horizontal growth with basal swelling in the high sucrose concentration(4∼8%). The higher the sucrose concentration in the media, the more reduction of shoot growth was observed in all plants. During this time, the shoot growth was inhibited in the antisense plant and was increased in the sense plant as compared to the control plant. PCM1 gene expressions of the control and sense plants incubated under the light condition were a little higher than those of these plants incubated under the dark condition. However, no difference was found in this gene expression between the control and sense plants cultured under the same conditions.

Interrelations among Crop Load, Fruit Quality, Shoot Growth, and Leaf Mineral Nutrients in Dense-Planting'Fuji'/M.26/Seedling Apple Trees with High Productivity

임열재 한국원예학회 2005 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.46 No.3

Dense-planting Fuji apple trees with high productivity every year were sampled to investigate interrelations among yield, shoot growth, leaf mineral nutrient contents, and fruit quality. Higher yield resulted in lower soluble solids, higher fruit firmness, and higher chlorophyll content in fruit skin, but no effect on anthocyanin content. Shoot growth positively affected fruit weight and fruit firmness, and negatively fruit soluble solids and fruit skin anthocyanin content. Leaf N content in late July showed a highly negative correlation with fruit soluble solids, but a highly positive one with fruit firmness. Leaf K had a highly positive correlation with fruit firmness and a negative one with fruit soluble solids and fruit skin anthocyanin. Leaf Ca correlated negatively with fruit skin anthocyanin content. Leaf Mg had a negative correlation with fruit weight and fruit soluble solids, but a positive one with fruit firmness. Leaf B had positive correlations with fruit firmness and with anthocyanin and chlorophyll of fruit skin, and negative correlations with fruit weight and soluble solids. However, leaf P and Mn had no correlations with fruit characteristics. Leaf N, the most important factors on shoot growth and fruit quality, showed higher correlation with the parameters analyzed in late June than in late July.

Ca Stress가 사과幼木에서 生育初期의 分劃別 칼슘 農度變化에 미치는 影響

任悅宰 건국대학교 1992 學術誌 Vol.36 No.2

One-year-old 'Fuji'/M.26/seedling apple trees grown in sand culture with two Ca levels, 2ppm and 200ppm for 6 weeks in the begining growing season were used. During 6 weeks after treatments, total Ca concentrations of the barks of stem and rootstock were significantly lower in the trees supplied with Ca 2ppm than in the trees supplied with Ca 200ppm. Whereas, of the total Ca, distributions of water-soluble and sodium nitrate-exchangeable Ca, physiologically active farms, were higher in the former than in the taller trees. The increase of Ca extracted with hydrochloric acid, flexed-Ca during 6 weeks after treatments were more significant in the current shoot parts of the latter than of the former trees, and the distributions of physiologically inactive forms extracetd with acetic acid and hydrochloric acid of the total Ca were higher in new formed roots of the latter than of the former trees in 6 weeks after treatments. The facts nugget that Ca mobility in the apple tree may be changed according to the Ca-nutritional status. Basipetally from current shoot to rootstock parts of the trees the distributions of physiologically inactive forms of the total Ca were singificantly increased in all treatments.

收穫後 浸漬處理時 鹽化칼슘溶液에 黃酸銅이나 黃酸亞鉛의 添加가 사화 '후지'果實의 部位別 캄슘含量에 미치는 影響

任列宰 건국대학교 1993 學術誌 Vol.37 No.2

Calcium concentrations in various parts of 'Fuji' apples during 4 weeks of room temperature storage following 3 different postharvest dip treatments under the air pressure, 4% CaCl2,4% CaCl2 +0.2% ZnSO4, and 4% CaCl2+0.2% CuSO4, were compared with those of untreated fruits. And penetration of 45Ca into the fruits were investigated. Skin calcium concentration in all dip treated fruits was higher than that in the untreated fruits. Flesh calcium concentration at the 0~10mm depth from the skin were significantly higher in the dip treatments with the solution of 4% CaCl2+0.2% ZnSO4 or 4% CaCl2 +0.2% CuSO4 than in that with 4% CaCl2 and the control, but the tendency was not clear in the flesh part at the depth of 10mm plus from the skin among treatments. No differences were observed in flesh calcium concentration between 4% CaCl2 dip treatment and the control. The addition of zinc sulfate or cupric sulfate to calcium chloride solution at postharvest dip treatment under the air pressure was effective in increase of fruit calcium content, and the effect was more clear by addition of zinc sulfate than cupric sulfate. Trace amount of radioactivity of 45Ca was detected in the flesh part at the depth of 10mm plus from the skin 4 weeks after dip treatment, suggesting that penetration of calcium from the fruit skin into the flesh is very slowly.

土壤酸度가 '후지' 사과園의 土壤과 葉의 無機成分 含量에 미치는 影響

任悅宰 건국대학교 자연과학연구소 1998 建國自然科學硏究誌 Vol.9 No.2

토양산도에 따른 과수원의 무기성분 함량을 비교하기 위하여 충주호 주변지역에 위치하는 사과 '후지 '품종이 재식된 43과원을 대상으로 엽과 토양을 채취하였다. 채취한 토양시료의 pH를 측정하여 조사과원을 pH6.0 미만 과원(9과원), pH6.0~7.0과원(17과원), pH7.0이상 과원(17과원)으로 구분하였다. 과수원의 표토(0~15cm)에서의 유기물 함량은 토양산도에 따른 차이가 없었으나 심토(15~30cm)에서는 토양산도가 증가함에 따라 함량이 약간 증가하는 경향이었다. 칼리. 칼슘 및 마그네슘과 같은 치환성 염기의 함량은 표토나 심토 모두 토양산도가 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 그러나, '후지'엽중 질소.인산.칼리.마그네슘의 함량은 토양산도에 따른 차이를 인정할 수 없었다. 토양중 구리.아연.카드뮴.납 및 크롬과 같은 중금속 함량도 토양산도가 증가함에 따라 증가하는 경향이었으나 '후지'엽중 이들 함량은 토양산도에 따른 차이를 인정할 수 없었다. 심토는 표토에 비하여 본 시험에서 조사된 모든 성분의 함량이 현저히 낮았다. Soils and 'Fuji' apple leaves in the orchards around Chungju Lake were analyzed to compare mineral nutrient contents by different soil pH levels. Samples were taken in 43 orchards, which were divided into three groups after measurements of soil pH-below pH 6.0 (9 orchards), pH 6.0~ 7.0(17 orchards) and over pH 7.0 (17 orchards). No differences were shown in the organic matter contents of the top soil(0~15cm depth) between pH levels, but its contents of the sub soil(15~30cm depth) increased slightly as soil pH increased. The contents of available phosphorus, and exchangeable cations such as potassium, calcium and magnesium in the top and sub soils showed a tendency of increasing as soil pH increased. However, there were no differences between the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in 'Fuji' apple leaves at these three groups. The contents of heavy metals such as copper, zinc, cadmium, lead and chromium also showed a tendency of increasing slightly as soil pH increased, but no differences were shown between the contents of these heavy metals in the 'Fuji' apple leaves at these at these groups. In general, the contents of organic matter and mineral nutrient were much less in sub soils than in top soils in all three groups.

生長調節劑의 葉面撒布가 사과 후지 實生의 樹體生育과 無機成分의 濃度에 미치는 影響

任悅宰 건국대학교 부설 중원인문연구소 1989 論文集 Vol.8 No.-

生長調節劑의 燁面撒布가 樹體生育과 樹體部位別 無機營養元素의 濃度에 미치는 影響을 조사하기 위하여 후지實生幼苗를 供試하여 砂耕栽培를 실시한 結果 다음과 같다. 1. 生長調節劑의 燁面撒布는 實驗其間中 新梢伸長이 현저히 抑制되어 無處理에 비하여 葉줄기 等 地上部生長은 떨어졌으나 地下部의 生長은 오히려 양호하여 T/R율이 현저히 減少되었다. 生長調節體 處理間에는 差異가 없었다. 2. 處理別 N,P,K,Mg의 濃度는 時期別로 樹體部位에 따라 일부 差異를 보이고 있지만 일정한 傾向이 없었다. 3. 葉에서의, Ca濃度는 燁面撒布 3週後에 NAA와 paclobutrazol 處理區가 無處理에 비하여 增加하는 傾向이었고 daminozide,處理區는 效果가 없었다. 줄기와 뿌리에서의 Ca濃度에 있어서 paclobutrazol과 daminozide 處理區는 無處理와 差異가 없었다. NAA處理區는 葉에서의 Ca농도가 增加한 반면에 줄기와 뿌리에서의 Ca濃度는 減少의 傾向을 보여 NAA 生長調節에 의하여 植物體에 에 吸收된 상당한 量의 Ca이 葉으로 轉移되는 것을 추측할 수 있다 One month old 'Fuji' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) seedlings grown by sand culture were used to study the evvects of foliar spray of some growth regulators on tree growth and macronutrient concentrations in different parts of tree. Growth regulators [NAA (20mg. 1-¹), paclobutrazol(50mg,1-¹), daminozide (25000mg,1-¹)] reduced significantly shoot extension, but increased root growth on the dry weight basis as compared with control. Therefore, T/R ratio in growth regulator treatments were lower than that in control. No differences were noted in shoot extension root dry weight, and T/R ratio among growth regulator treatments. The concentrations of N,P,K, and Mg in different parts of tree were changed by growth regulator treatments of 3 sampling dates(1,2, and weeks after foliar spray),but the trends were not constant. Leaf Ca concentration 3 weeks after treatment was increased by NAA and paclobutrazol, but was not affected by daminozide, Ca concentrations of stem and root were not affected by paclobutrazol and of stem and root as cmpared with control at 3 weeks after foliar spray. It is suggested that NAA has a signiffcant effect on increasing Ca translocation from stem and root to leaf in young apple seedlings.

收穫後 칼슘의 浸漬處理方法이 사과 果實의 部位別 칼슘含量에 미치는 影響

任悅宰 建國大學校 附設 自然科學硏究所 1993 建國自然科學硏究誌 Vol.4 No.-

수확 후 칼슘침지방법을 달리한 사과 '후지'과실을 8주간 常溫貯藏하면서 과실부위별 Ca농도변화를 무 처리 과실과 비교하였다. 무 처리의 과실은 저장 8주 동안 果皮와 果肉의 모든 부위에서 Ca농도변화가 완만하였다. 減壓浸漬의 경우 침지처리 1주 후에는 果皮에서 부터 0∼12mm부위의 果肉에, 4주 후에는 24mm 부위의 果肉까지 Ca의 농도가 현저히 증가하였다. 반면에 hydrocooling浸漬와 大氣壓浸漬의 경우에는 침지처리 1주 후에 果肉 0∼6mm 부위의 Ca농도가 약간 증가하였고, 果肉 6mm 이상의 부위는 조사기간 중 무 처리와 차이가 없었다. 減壓浸漬처리는 hydrocooling浸漬나 大氣壓浸漬에 비하여 과실의 Ca농도가 현저히 높았다. Hdrocooling浸漬는 大氣壓浸漬에 비하여 果皮와 果皮밑 0∼6mm의 果肉부위에서 大氣壓浸漬에 비하여 Ca농도가 높은 경향이었다. 大氣壓浸漬처리의 果肉의 Ca농도는 무 처리와 거의 차이가 없었고, 大氣壓하에서 침지용액에 Zn의 첨가는 무첨가구와 Ca농도에 차이가 없었다. 본 시험에 사용된 5가지 침지방법중 4%鹽化칼슘용액에 0.2% 黃酸亞鉛을 첨가하고 減壓浸漬한 처리구가 과실의 Ca증가에 가장 효과적이었으나 저장 기간 중 異常 障害果가 발생하였다. Changes in calcium concentrations of 'Fuji' apples during 8 weeks of room temperature storage following 5 different postharvest dip treatments with 4% calcium chloride solution were compared with those of untreated fruits. Skin and flesh of the untreated fruits exhibited a very slight change of calcium concentrations during storage. Skin calcium concentrations in all dip treated fruits were significantly higher than that in the untreated fruits in 1 week after treatments. Flesh calcium increased considerably at the 0∼12mm depth from the skin in 1 week and up to the 24mm depth in 4 weeks after vacuum infiltration treatments. Whereas in the hydrocooling and normal dip treatments, flesh calcium increased slightly at the 0∼6mm depth in 1 week, and to the core at the 6mm plus depth calcium increase was not observed during 8 weeks after treatments. Fruit calcium concentration was significantly higher in vacuum infiltration treatments than those in hydrocooling and normal dip treatments. Hydrocooling dip treatment was relatively higher in calcium concentrations of fruit skin and flesh part, 0∼6mm depth from the skin, as compared with those of normal dip treatment. Little differences were observed in fruit flesh calcium concentrations between normal dip treated and untreated apples, and also between the treatments added 0.2% zinc sulfate or not. Of the 5 different dip treatments used in this experiment vacuum infiltration of 4% calcium chloride solution combined with 0.2% zinc sulfate was the most effective in increase of calcium of fruit skin and flesh parts, but resulted in the occurrence of abnormal rot fruits during storage.