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임승택 동국대학교 불교문화연구원 2005 佛敎學報 Vol.0 No.46
본고는 초기불교에서 바라보는 죽음의 문제에 대해 다룬 것이다. 나아가 죽음의 원인과 양태 그리고 그것의 극복 가능성에 대해서도 언급하고 있다. 불교에서는 죽음에 대해 삶의 종착점이 아니라 새로운 태어남으로 나아가는 관문으로 파악한다. 따라서 죽음의 의미는 육체적인 차원에 국한되지 않는다. 또한 죽음의 극복은 윤회의 굴레로부터 벗어날 때라야 비로소 완성될 수 있다. 죽음의 개념은 업과 윤회의 관념에 불가분의 관련을 맺고 있다. 또한 이것은 내면의 심리와도 밀접한 상관 관계에 있다. 니까야에 자주 등장하는 '죽음의 신'으로 마라는 내면의 번뇌를 상징화한 것이며, 윤회의 세계는 그것의 외형적인 드러남이라고 말할 수 있다. 이상과 같은 내용들을 줄거리로 하는 본 고는 죽음의 문제로부터 출발하여 초기불교 고유의 세계관과 실천론으로까지 확대되는 특징을 지닌다. This paper aims to illuminate the problem of the death in early buddhism. I have considered the origin and the aspect of the death in this paper. Also, the possibility of overcoming the death is the matter of my concern. The death is not the end of the life, but the gateway to rebirth in early buddhism. Therefore we can say that the true meaning of the death can not be limited to the side of the physical death. In this connection, I have insisted that the overcoming of the death would not be completed until one frees himself from the transmigration. The concept of the death is closely related with the theory of the transmigration. And it is close to the state of the mind which is the object of the ascetic exercise. The goddess of the death who is so frequently appeared in Nikāya is the symbolic of the mental anxiety. So we can say that the world of the transmigration is the appearance of the state of the mind. At last, this paper related to all these topics has the characteristic that the problem of the death itself is expanded to the theory of the worldview and the practice in early buddhism.
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임승택,임선민,김민주,박신영,김주항 연세대학교의과대학 2019 Yonsei medical journal Vol.60 No.10
Purpose: Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway is known to play a crucial role in carcinogenesis in various malignancies, includinglung cancer regarding tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and cellular differentiation. The aim of this study was to investigatethe value of components of Shh pathway as a prognostic marker in extensive stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) patients. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data of 36 patients who were diagnosed with ES-SCLC between 2008 and2012 at a single center. We performed immuo-histochemistry for glioma-associated oncogene homolog zinc finger protein 1 (Gli1),patched, Shh, and Ptch-mediated repression of smoothened (Smo) proteins using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue derivedfrom primary tumors. We then conducted survival analysis to evaluate the prognostic impact of these markers. Results: All 36 patients received platinum-based doublet chemotherapy. The median progression free survival and median overallsurvival were 6.9 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 6.5–7.3] and 11.7 months (95% CI, 9.1–14.3), respectively. The overall responserate was 84%. Of the 36 tissue specimens examined, over-expression of Gli1, Patched, Shh, and Smo was found in 12(33.3%), five (13.9%), five (13.9%), and six (16.7%) cases, respectively. We found that high expression of Shh was associated withworse progression free survival (6.3 vs. 7.6 months, p=0.005) and overall survival (9.2 vs. 12.0 months, p=0.039) by both univariateand multivariate analyses, whereas other markers were not related to patient prognosis. Conclusion: A high proportion of small cell lung cancer tumors express proteins related to Shh pathway, and over-expression ofShh is correlated with poor prognosis.
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임승택 보조사상연구원 2003 보조사상 Vol.19 No.-
The concept of Sati is known as the essence of Buddhist meditation. It is translated into memory, recognition, consciousness, intentness of mind, mindfulness, concentration, alertness, lucidity, self-possession etc., in English. Also it is translated into 念 , 憶念, 不 亡 , 守意, 意止 etc., in Chinese. This paper is the second research to explicate the concept of Sati. My first study on Sati was On the Meaning of Sati, which has been written in Journal of Bojo Jinul's Thought vol.16. In the first study, I have ever said that Sati has various implications and examples of translation as above. This paper aims to research into concrete examples of Sati, which have not been discussed in the first study. I think this work intensify my original assertion with the confromity of Nikayas. Therefore this work will playa part in the verification on the first study. In this study, I insist again that the insight(vipassana) and the serenity(samatha) should be a pair in the practice of meditation. And I asserted newly that all this progress of meditation should be said as that of Sati. Furthermore the practice of Sati would be expanded into the realization of such practical systems as four foundations of mindfulness(cattaro-satipatthana). Four foundations of mindfulness have been said as the most inclusive system in the practice theory of early Buddhism. Consequently the concept of Sati has the meaning in covering wide range of the insight and the serenity, and in representing four foundations of mindfulness. I think these points to be the prominent results in this study.
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임승택,김영균,황정기,김상동,박순철,원용성,박장상,김지일,윤상섭,문인성 대한혈관외과학회 2011 Vascular Specialist International Vol.27 No.3
Purpose: With current advances in surgical technique, the prognosis for elective open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) has improved, but the mortality rate for ruptured AAA remains high. The aim of this study was to define the risk factors of AAA rupture. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 169 AAA patients who underwent open surgical repair between March 2000 and October 2010. According to the rupture, the patients were divided into 2 groups:‘ruptured’ (n=41), ‘non-ruptured’ (n=128). To define the risk factor of ruptured AAA, we compared following variables between the 2 groups: clinical co-morbidities (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease,malignancies), diameter (maximal diameter of AAA), location of rupture, gender, and previous abdominal surgery history. Results: Mean patient-age was 68.4±4.4 years (range: 32 to 86 years); the majority of patients were males,135 (79.8%). Mean diameter of AAA was 6.67±2.0 cm (range: 4 to 15 cm); ‘non-ruptured’: 6.3±1.6 cm,‘ruptured’: 7.8±2.6 cm. The risk of AAA rupture was statistically significantly increased with increased diameter of the AAA (P=0.007). On multivariateanalysis, the only statistically significant risk factor for AAA rupture was diameter of AAA (P=0.004). Conclusion: The only significant risk factor for AAA rupture found in this study is the diameter of AAA. To minimize the rupture rate of the AAA patients, we will have to closely monitor the size of AAA diameter.
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