두과작물 근류균에 대한 생리 및 생화학적 연구 : Ⅰ. 근류균 균주의 특성과 접종시험 Ⅰ. Some charateristics of isolated strains of Rhizobia and inoculation test on soy bean

임선욱 한국농화학회 1970 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.13 No.1

On the basis of the specific interrelationship between the species or variety of leguminous crops and the species or strain of nodule bacteria, Rhizobia, the rhizobial species and strain must be effectively chosen for the successful inoculation. The present paper describes on some results of the isolation and taxonomic study on the native rhizobial strains isolated from the nodules of five species of leguminous crops such as numerous varieties of soy bean, lespedeza, birdfoot trefoil, ladino and red clovers. The isolated strains of soy bean nodule bacterium, Rhizobium japonicum were grouped through the inoculation test on variety Changdanbaikmock into the effective, noneffective and toxic strain for the nodule formation. In the study of the effect of some inorganic and organic nitrogenous compounds on the growth of Rhizobium japonicum strain Ac 20, a promotive response was showed by asparagine, and glutamine, but hydroxylamine, nitrite, hydrazine and azide was inhibitory at the concentration of 10^(-2)M/ℓ in mannitol-yeast extract basal medium. In the physiological characteristics each strain showed somewhat different activities of the indole-3-actic acid formation and hydrogenase and discussed with these characters in relation to nodule forming ability.

한국산(韓國産) 이탄(泥炭)과 답토양(畓土壤)의 유기물(有機物) 조성(組成)과 질소(窒素)의 형태별(形態別) 분포상(分布相)

임선욱,문무상,Lim, Sun-Uk,Moon, Moo-Sang 한국토양비료학회 1983 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.16 No.3

In a series of studies on the chemical compositions and properties of organic matter from peats, volcanic ash soils and paddy rice soils, a comparative study on the composition and the fractional distribution of nitrogenous organic matters were undertaken for the elucidation on their characteristics. The results obtained are summerized as follows. 1. Gimpo and Peongtaeg peats showed higher content of organic matter, more than 60%, than Gimje and Yeongdong peats, and there is a great difference between the two groups in total-N, CEC and ash content. 2. The content of Lignin, Hollocellulose and Hemicellulose in organic matter was 12-25%, 15-31% and 7-14% respectively, and Gimpo peats were lots of Lignin content compared to others. 3. Sixty seven to eighty eight percent of the total-N in the soil was hydrolysable by 6 N-HCl and they were decreased in the order of volcanic ash soils (86.4%), mineral paddy soils (77.2%) and peats (72.3%). 4. The fractionations of acid hydrolysable organic-N were ${\alpha}$-amino acid-N(25-45%), unidentified-N (12-50%), amino sugar-N (1-7%) and ammonium-N (12-25%). 5. Almost same pattern in the amino acid composition of the acid hydrolysates of peat and soil organic matter was showed in the thin-layer chromatogram. 김포(金浦), 평택(平澤), 김제(金堤), 영동산(永同産)의 이탄층(泥炭層)과 송당(松堂) 및 제동(濟東)의 비교적 유기물 함량(含量)이 많은 화산회토(火山灰土) 및 무기질답(無機質畓)의 작토층(作土層)으로부터 채취한 토양시료(土壤試料)를 사용(使用)하여 그 이화학적(理化學的) 특성(特性) 및 유기태(有機態) 질소(窒素)의 형태별(形態別) 분포(分布)를 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)를 상호(相互) 비교(比較)하였다. 1. 김포(金浦), 평택산(平澤産) 이탄(泥炭)은 유기물(有機物) 함량(含量)이 60% 이상(以上)으로 김제(金堤), 영동산(永同産) 이탄(泥炭)보다 많았으며 그 외 김질소(金窒素), CEC, 회분함량(灰分含量)도 차이(差異)가 있었다. 2. 이탄(泥炭)의 Lignin, Hollocellulose 및 Hemicellulose의 함량(含量)은 각각(各各) 12~25%, 15~31%, 7~14%, 이었으며 김포(金浦) 이탄(泥炭)은 다른 것과 비교하여 Lignin 함량이 많았다. 3. 6N-HCl 산가용성(酸可容性) 질소(窒素)는 전질소(全窒素)의 67~88%이었으며 화산회토(火山灰土)(86.4%), 무기질토양(無機質土壤)(77.2%) 이탄토(泥炭土)(72.3%) 순(順)이었다. 4. 산가용성(酸可溶性) 질소중(窒素中) 분획정량(分劃定量)한 4종류(種類)의 유기태(有機態) 질소(窒素)는 아미노산태(酸態)(25~45%), 미지태(未知態) (12~50%), 암모니아태(態)(12~25%), 아미노당태(糖態)(1~7%) 순(順)이었다. 5. 이탄(泥炭) 및 토양유기물(土壤有機物)의 산가수분해물중(酸加水分解物中) 아미노산(酸)의 종류(種類)는 유기물(有機物)의 급원(給源)에 따른 큰 차이(差異)는 인정(認定)되지 않았으나 각(各) 함량(含量)은 조건(條件)에 따라 변동(變動)되는 듯하다.

한국산(韓國産) 이탄(泥炭)과 토양부식물(土壤腐植物) 획분(劃分)의 흡수(吸收)스펙트럼 및 관능기(官能基)의 함량(含量)

임선욱,문무상,Lim, Sun-Uk,Moon, Moo-Sang 한국토양비료학회 1983 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.16 No.4

한국산(韓國産) 이탄(泥炭), 화산회토(火山灰土) 및 무기질(無機質) 답토양(畓土壤)에 유기물(有機物)에 대(對)한 일련의 토양화학적성상(土壤化學的性狀)의 비교연구(比較硏究)로부터 본(本) 실험(實驗)은 김포(金浦), 평택(平澤), 김제(金堤) 및 영동(永同)의 이탄(泥炭)과 제주도(濟州島) 화산회토(火山灰土) 그리고 수원(水原)의 답토양(畓土壤)으로부터 각각(各各) 부식물(腐植物)을 유출(油出)하고 Hymatomelanic acid와 Humic acid로 분획(分劃)하여 가시(可視), UV 및 IR 광역(光域)에서 흡수(吸收) Spectra를 측정(測定)하여 비교(比較)하여 보았다. Humic acid와 Hymatomelanic acid는 UV 및 가시광역(可視光域)에서 극대(極大)나 극소(極小)의 Peak를 가지지 않으며 파장(波長)의 감소에 따라 단조로운 Optical density의 증가를 보이는 Spectra를 나타내었다. 또한 이탄(泥炭) 및 화산회토(火山灰土)와 답토양(畓土壤) 부식물간(腐植物間)의 흡수(吸收) Spectra는 이 범위의 광파장역(光波長域)에서 별다른 상이성(相異性)이 없었으나 화산회토(火山灰土), 이탄(泥炭), 무기질(無機質) 답토양(畓土壤)의 순(順)으로 완만(緩慢)한 경사(傾斜)를 이루었다. Humic acid와 Hymatomelanic acid의 IR spectrum의 주요한 흡수대(吸收帶)는 $3400cm^{-1}$, $2900cm^{-1}$, $1720cm^{-1}$, $1625cm^{-1}$, $1400-1450cm^{-1}$, $1200-1250cm^{-1}$, $1050cm^{-1}$ 등이며 토양형간(土壤型間)의 상이점(相異點)은 미미(微微)하나 Hymatomelanic acid는 파수(波數) $2900cm^{-1}$에서 흡수(吸收) peak를 가지며 파수(波數) $1720cm^{-1}$ 부근에서의 흡수(吸收)가 $1625cm^{-1}$ 부근보다 큰 반면에 Humic acid는 $1625cm^{-1}$ 부근이 $1720cm^{-1}$ 부근보다 큰 흡수(吸收) band를 이루었다. Humic acid의 관능기(官能基)의 함량(含量)은 공시(供試)된 토양형(土壤型) 사이에 큰 차이(差異)가 없었으나 화산회토(火山灰土), 이탄(泥炭), 무기질(無機質) 답토양(畓土壤)의 순(順)으로 전산도(全酸度)가 낮았고 Carboxyl기(基)의 함량(含量)이 적었다. To characterize humus fractions in soil, visible, ultraviolet and infrared absorption spectra of humic acids in alkaline solutions and hymatomelanic acids in ethanol solutions extracted by Stevenson's method from paddy rice soils, peats, and volcanic ash soils were analyzed. The spectra patterns of both fractions in visible and ultraviolet ranges did not have any peak and the absorbance decreased as the wavelength increased. Visible and ultraviolet spectra of the solutions from all the peats, volcanic ash soils and paddy rice soil were very similar each other but absorbances were slowly declined in the order of volcanic ash soils, peats and mineral paddy soils. The infrared spectra of the two solutions appeared in a typical pattern, showing a few broad peaks. The main absorption bands were in the regions of $3400cm^{-1}$ (hydrogen bonded OH), near $2900cm^{-1}$ (aliphatic CH), $1720cm^{-1}$ (C=O of COOH, C=O of carbonyl), $1625cm^{-1}$ (aromatic C-C conjugated with C=O and/or COO-), $1400-1450cm^{-1}$ (CH stretch), $1200-1250cm^{-1}$ (CaO stretch of phenolic OH or OH-deformation of COOH) and $1050cm^{-1}$. The hymatomelanic acid fractions, however, had spectra that were characterized especially by very distinct absorption at $2900cm^{-1}$ and $1720cm^{-1}$, for aliphatic CH and carbonyl stretching vibration respectively in addition to the weaker bands for COO- or aromatic CH vibration at $1625cm^{-1}$, as compared to humic acid. No differences were noted in the general patterns of the spectograms of both fractions extracted. Analyses of the functional groups revealed little differences between peats and paddy soils, although total acidity and the content of carboxyl groups were decreased in the order of volcanic ash soils, peats and mineral paddy soils.

우리나라 企劃制度의 效率的 施行方案에 관한 硏究 : 第1次 및 第2次 國土綜合開發計劃을 中心으로

林善旭 건국대학교 행정대학원 1987 建國大學校 行政大學院 硏究論叢 Vol.15 No.-

This Study deals primarily with the effective implementation of a plan for national land development in Korea. In 1960's, the conventional social structure had been changed by the progress of politics, economic and social culture. This was rapidly evolved by the governmental program for economic development and national land develpment. Specially, national development policy got to be the basis of the modernization. Therefore the development of national land in Korea has been started in 1960's. Meanwhile, the basic frame work of National Physical Development Plan was decided in 1968. The 1st Comprehensive National Physical Plan was established in 1971 and accomplished by succeeding 10 years. The 2nd Comprehensive National Plan was established in 1981 and it's basic policy was based on the settlement at national land base to spread localized age. But, the effective implementation of the 1st and 2nd Comprehensive National Physical Plans were in difficulties for unsettlement of governmental organization, lack of special planner, shortage of an executive budget and insufficient of control function, this situation is due to disparity of regional investment and insufficient of an executive plan in the 1st and 2nd Comprehensive National Physical Plans. Consequently, Comprehensive Nationai Physical Plan must get to be execution, coordination and control effectively. First, National Physical Plan get to have a connection with national land plan, economic plan and budgeting in government and National Physical Plan must be essentially consulted with Economic Planning Board which generalizes the investment plan. Secondly, A yearly executive program must be established in relation to National Physical Plan. This program will be included a scale, contenst, a location and a term of construction work to national land development projects. Thirdly, In order to perform national land development plan and regional plan effectively, National Physical Plan must be established a special resource in addition to general budget. Therefore the matter can be solved through the foundation of National Land Development Fund, the refundmen of development returns and the collection of development share. Aside from themes, it must positively be divised to mitigate a institutional regulation and participate capital.

포스터 발표논문 초록 ( 토양 / 농약 / 환경 분야 Poster 초록 ) : 결명 (決明 (Cassia tora) , 쑥 (Artemisia asiatica) 추출물에 의한 밭 토양중 요소분해와 질소화작용 제어효과

임선욱,신명호 한국응용생명화학회(구 한국농화학회) 1997 한국응용생명화학회 학술발표회 Vol.1997 No.1

포스터 ( 환경 ) : 토양시용 요소의 동태에 대한 환경요인의 영향 - (1) 밭 토양 상태에서 온도의 영향 -

임선욱,서영호,신명호 한국응용생명화학회(구 한국농화학회) 1996 한국응용생명화학회 학술발표회 Vol.1996 No.1

포스터 초록 ( 농약 및 환경 ) : 토양 시용 요소의 동태에 대한 환경 요인의 영향 - (2) 밭토양 상태에서 유기물의 영향 -

임선욱,서영호,신명호 한국응용생명화학회(구 한국농화학회) 1996 한국응용생명화학회 학술발표회 Vol.1996 No.2

결명자 종실의 수용성 추출물이 타식물에 대한 타감성 저해작용의 생리화학적 기작에 대한 연구

임선욱,문경환 한국토양비료학회 1992 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 Vol.1992 No.49

감자(Solanum tuberosum L .) 에 대한 붕소시비(硼素施肥)가 수량과 품질에 미치는 영향

임선욱,김주학 한국농화학회 1983 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.26 No.3

Effects of boron fertilization with or without liming on the yield and quality of potato tuber were investigated by field trials. Boron fertilization up to 6ppm with or without aiming did not affect the yield of potato tubers but the production decreased gradually at higher levels of boron. Absorption of boron into leaves and tubers was increased by increased level of application, and the increase was higher in leaves than in tubers. Antagonistic effect of calcium on the boron absorption was observed. Contents of vitamin C, total and reducing sugar, and nitrogenous compounds(protein-, nonprotein-, and total nitrogen) were increased at higher levels of boron in soil, but the contents except that of total sugar were not affected by calcium Level, Concentrations of phenolic compounds and activity of phenol oxidases in tubers were increased by boron up to 12ppm in soil, but decreased at higher level of boron and by liming. Enzymatic and nonenzymatic browning of the tubers increased by boron level up to 12ppm while decreased at 24ppm of boron and by liming at all levels of boron fertilization.

시비(施肥)의 합리화(合理化)와 비종개발(肥種開發)

임선욱,Lim, Sun-Uk 한국토양비료학회 1982 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.15 No.1

The objective of this paper is to review the changes in fertilizer use pattern and to discuss some aspects of the fertilizer development in Korea. Fertilizer consumption in Korea have steadily increased to triple the application rates of N, P and K during the 15 years from 1965 to 1980, and Korea became one of the countries which apply fertilizers at the highest rate. The ratio of N: $P_2O_5$: $K_2O$ in fertilizer consumption changed from 55.4 : 31.4 : 13.1 in 1965 to 54.0 : 23.8 : 22.2 in 1980. It can be said that Korean farmers practise a balanced fertilization at least in view of fertilizer consumption as compared to other developing countries. However, differences in soil properties, crops, and climate varying as region were not reflected on fertilization. In the technological development of fertilizer, the chemical form and composition of the fertilizer as well as the suitability to the specific crops must be taken into consideration for the efficient use of fertilizers. Although organic fertilizers and manure are accepted as minor element suppliers, it is necessary to add minor elements into chemical fertilizers on the industrial process. Industrial waste may be used for the agricultural production as a measure of pollution control providing careful study on the waste. 비료(肥料)를 합리적(合理的)으로 시용(施用)하고 여러가지 사정(事情)에 적합(適合)한 비종(肥種)을 개발하는 문제(問題)는 작물(作物)의 생산성(生産性)을 향상(向上) 시키기 위한 것 뿐만 아니라 농업경영, 농업정책(農業政策) 및 화학공학적(化?工?的)인 측면(側面)에서도 검토(?討)되어야 할 문제(問題)이다. 경작(耕作)의 기술(技術)과 비료(肥料)의 제반사정(諸般事情)이 국가적(?家的), 지역적(地域的) 특성(特性) 또는 시대(時代)에 따라 변동(?動)있고 차이(差異)가 있게 되는 것은 여러가지 기본적(基本的)인 조건(條件)과 배경(背景)에 의한다고 할 수 있다. 그러한 조건(條件)으로 중요시(重要視)되는 것을 들면 다음과 같다. 1. 자원(資源)-천연산(天然産), 부산물(副産物) 에너지 2. 비료생산(肥料生産)의 기술수준(技術水準) 3. 토양(土壤)의 특성(特性) 4. 농경업(農耕業)의 특성(特性)과 경작기술수준(耕作技術水準) 5. 식물(植物) 영향학적(營養?的) 이론(理論)의 발전(?展) 6. 기계화(機械化) ((수송(輸送), 저장(貯藏), 시용(施用)을 위한) 시설(施設) 7. 작물(作物)의 영양소(營養素) 요구(要求)와 비료성분(肥料成分)의 복합화(複合化) 8. 비료(肥料)의 생산효율(生産效率) 및 이용율(利用率) 9. 잔류성분(殘留成分)의 축적(蓄積)과 공해성(公害性) 10. 노력(?力)의 경제(??)와 다목적화(多目的化)(농약혼합등(農?混合等)) 이와 같이 많은 조건(條件)들은 지역(地域) 사정(事情)에 따라 단독(單獨) 또는 복합적(複合的)으로 다소간(多少間)의 차이(差異)는 있겠으나 비료(肥料)의 생산(生産)으로부터 시용(施用)에 이르기까지 관련(關聯)될 것이다. 우리나라의 농업(農業)이 이제까지 주(主)로 미곡생산(米?生産)을 위한 답작(沓作) 위주(爲主)의 농업(農業)이었고 비료(肥料)도 그의 물리적(物理的), 화학적(化?的) 형태(形態) 및 성분비(成分比)가 답작(沓作) 위주(爲主)로 개발(開?) 생산(生産)되어 왔다고 할 수 있을 것이며 더구나 선택(選?)의 여유(餘裕)가 거의 없이 단순(單純)한 비종(肥種)에 한(限)하여 왔다고 할 수 있다. 앞으로 영농(營農)의 과학화(科?化), 현대화(現代化) 및 집약화(集約化) 과정(過程)에서 각종(各種) 재배기술(栽培技術)의 개선(改善)이 필연적(必然的)으로 이루워 질 것이다. 따라서 작물(作物)의 영양(營養) 및 환경(環境) 상태(狀態)의 개선(改善)은 가장 기본적(基本的)인 과제(課題)가 될 것이다. 시비(施肥)의 합리화(合理化)란 작물(作物)의 영양생리(營養生理) 및 재배(栽培) 환경(環境)에 적합(適合)한 형태(形態)의 비료(肥料)를 시용(施用)하거나 또는 이러한 조건(條件)을 개선(改善)한 목적(目的)으로 취하(取)여지는 모든 수단(手段)을 말한다. 시비합리화(施肥合理化)가 이루어지면 시비(施肥) 성분(成分)의 이용율(利用率) 및 효율증대(效率增大)와 농산물생산(農産物生産)의 제고(提高) 더 나아가서는 품질향상(品質向上)도 기대(期待)할 수 있게 될 것이다. 시비(施肥) 합리화(合理化)의 실제적(?際的)인 문제(問題)로는 작목별(作目別), 생육시기별(生育時期別), 지대(地帶) 또는 토양별(土壤別), 그리고 기상조건(氣象條件)에 적합(適合)한 비종(肥種)을 구성성분(構成成分)의 화학형(化?型)과 비(比)를 선정(選定)하고, 시용량(施用量)을 조절(調節)하여 시용방법(施用方法)과 위치(位置) 선정(選定)하는 등(等)의 문제(問題)를 들 수 있을 것이다. 이러한 여러 관련요인(關聯要人)의 영향(影響)은 불확정(不確定)