옥수수 연작지에서 Fall panicum의 발생과 연작 피해 방지를 위한 대상작의 도입효과

임근발(Keun Bal Lim),이현준(Hyun Jun Lee),안병석(Byung Suk Ahn),성병렬(Byung Ryul Sung),신재순(Jae Sun Shin) 한국초지조사료학회 2005 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.25 No.2

페레니얼 라이그라스 위주 초지에서 목초, 잡초 식생 군락간 상호작용

임근발(Keun Bal Lim),성병렬(Byung Ryeol Sung),이현준(Hyun Jun Lee),안병석(Byung Suk Ahn),서성(Sung Seo) 한국초지조사료학회 2006 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.26 No.2

This experiment was carried out to investigate the distribution, function of dry matter and competition in the grassland composed with mainly perennial ryegrass. Co-functions between grasses and weeds were evaluated by calculating methods; expected yield (P), agressivity, relative yield total (RYT), compensation index (CI) and morphological index (MI). Each values obtained were influenced by seeding method, grassland management and seasonal changes of co-functional index were identical. Expected yields of spring were lower than those of fall and improved by additional seeding to grassland in early spring time. In the relative yield total (RYT), all were under 1.0 which ranged from 0.17 to 0.41. Compensation index (CI) ranged from -0.3 to -0.6 and all values showed ‘under compensation(+, --)’. This means that the conditions of ‘under compensation’ could be improved through weed control by management of grassland in perennial ryegrass grassland. The results indicated that productivity of grassland mainly composed with perennial ryegrass is negatively affected by weeds like shepherd’s purse, crabgrass and barnyard grass. As major weeds, shepherd’s purse in spring, crabgrass in summer and barnyard grass in summer and fall were negatively functioned to productivity in the grassland composed with mainly perennial ryegrass.

헤어리 베치의 품종별 생육 특성과 생산성 비교

이종경(Joung Kyong Lee),임근발(Keun Bal Lim),김기용(Ki Yong Kim),최기준(Gi Jun Choi),성병렬(Byung Ryul Seong),서성(Sung Seo),지희정(Hee Chung Ji),최연식(Yeon Sik Choi),신정남(Jeong Nam Shin),박형수(Hyung Soo Park) 한국초지조사료학회 2007 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.27 No.4

본 연구는 2005년과 2006년 축산과학원 2개지역의 시험포장에서 각각 수행되었다. 1년차는 수원(중부)과 남원(남부)에서 2년차는 천안(중부)과 남원(남부)에서 수행되었으며 공시 품종은 헤어리 베치 11품종 도입품종 9품종(Penn-02, Sander, Latigo, Welta, Ostsaat, VV4712, Minnie, Barlosa 및 Capello), 국내품종 2품종(Cold green과 Cheong pa)를 이용하였다. 시험에 사용된 품종을 개화시기를 기준으로 평가한 결과 도입품종 Minnie, Barlosa, Capello 및 국내 품종 Cold green이 조생종이었고, 도입 품종 Penn-02, Sander, Latigo, Welta, Ostsaat, VV4712 및 국내품종 Cheong pa는 중만생종에 속하였다. 월동상태는 조생종 Minnie, Barlosa 및 Capello를 제외하고 대부분 우수하였다. 2년간 시험한 결과 11개 품종중 VV4712가 가장 수량이 높은 품종이었다. 그리고 중부지방에서는 중만생종의 수량이 남부지방에서는 조생종의 수량이 많았다. 두 지역에서 국내 육성품종인 중만생종 Cheong pa는 도입품종들에 비하여 뒤떨어지지 않았고 조생종 Cold green은 도입 품종들에 비하여 생육과 수량이 우수하였다. 헤어리 베치의 NDF, ADF, IVDMD 및 CP 등 사료가치는 조생종보다 중만생종이 좋았고, 그중에서 NDF는 중만생종 Latigo, ADF는 중만생종 Welta, 소화율과 조단백질 함량은 중만생종 Sander가 가장 좋았다. 이 시험의 결과 헤어리베치중 VV4712 품종의 생산성이 가장 높았고 국내 육성품종인 Cheong pa와 Cold green은 유망한 품종으로 판단된다. This experiment was conducted to compare the agronomic characteristics and productivity in introduced hairy vetch cultivars and developed new Korean hairy vetch cultivars in two areas of the experimental field of Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Institute of Animal Science from 2005 to 2006. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. A total of 11 hairy vetch cultivars used in this study including 9 introduced cultivars (Penn-02, Sander, Latigo, Welta, Ostsaat, VV4712, Minnie, Barlosa and Capello) and 2 Korean cultivars (Cold green and Cheong pa). The early flowering varieties of Minnie, Barlosa, Capello and Cold green were grown as early maturity cultivars, while the late flowering varieties of Penn-02, Sander, Latigo, Welta, Ostsaat, VV4712 and Cheong pa were grown as medium and late maturity. The winter hardiness of hairy vetch was good except for Minnie, Barlosa and Capello of early maturity cultivars. In this study, dry matter yield of VV4712 was the highest of 11 hairy vetch cultivars. And dry matter yield of medium and late maturity vetch increased in the middle region while that of early maturity increased in the south. The new Korean cultivar, Cheong pa, as a medium and late maturity hairy vetch was not bad compared to introduced cultivars and Cold green as an early maturity hairy vetch was an excellent cultivar compared to introduced cultivars in both regions. Latigo in NDF (neutral detergent fiber) and Welta in ADF (acid detergent fiber) were lower than other cultivars, while Sander in IVDMD (in vitro dry matter digestibility) and CP (crude protein) content were higher than other cultivars. The results of this experiment indicated that the productivity of hairy vetch cultivars was highest in VV4712, and Cheong pa and Cold green of new Korean cultivar were the promising cultivars of hairy vetch in Korea.

내한 조숙성 이탈리안 라이그라스 신품종 ‘코스피드’

최기준(Gi Jun Choi),임영철(Young Chul Lim),성병렬(Byung Ryul Sung),김기용(Ki Yong Kim),이종경(Joung Kyong Lee),임근발(Keun Bal Lim),박형수(Hyung Soo Park),서성(Sung Seo),지희정(Hee Chung Ji) 韓國草地學會 2007 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.27 No.3

본 시험은 이탈리안 라이그라스 조숙 내한성 품종을 육성하기 위하여 1999년부터 2005년까지 축산과학원 조사료자원과에서 수행되었다. 이탈리안 라이그라스 신품종 ‘코스피드’는 2배체 품종으로서 엽색은 녹색이며, 월동 전 초형은 반직립, 봄의 초형은 직립형이다. ‘코스피드’는 5월 1일경에 출수하는 조숙성 품종이다. 또한, ‘코스피드’는 ‘Florida 80’ 보다 지엽의 폭이 0.2㎜ 넓고, 지엽의 길이가 1㎝ 길며, 출수기 초장은 85m로 ‘Florida 80’ 보다 1㎝ 정도 작다. 줄기의 두께는 ‘화산 101호’와 ‘Florida 80’과 같이 중간이었다. ‘코스피드’의 내한성은 ‘Florida 80’ 보다 강한 품종이었다. ‘코스피드’의 건물수량은 13,257㎏/㏊로서 ‘Florida 80’과 대등하였다. ‘코스피드’의 사료가치는 in vitro 소화율이 73.2%, TDN이 65.3%로서 ‘Florida 80’ 보다 각각 2.1% 및 1.7% 높았고, ADF와 NDF는 29.1 및 53.1%로서 ‘Florida 80’ 보다 각각 2.1% 및 2.3% 낮았다. This experiment was carried out to breed the cold-tolerant variety of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) in Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan from 1999 to 2005. New variety, ‘Kospeed’ is a diploid variety with green in leaf color, and has semi-erect and erect growth habit in late autumn and early spring, respectively. 'Kospeed' was on 1 May in heading date as a early-maturing variety. Also ‘Kospeed’ was wider by 0.2㎜ in flag leaf width, longer by 1㎝ in flag leaf length and shorter by 1㎝ in plant length than those of ‘Florida 80’, respectively. Stem width of ‘Kospeed’ was similar to that of ‘Florida 80’ and ‘Hwasan 101’. Cold tolerance of ‘Kospeed’ was better than that of 'Florida 80'. Dry matter (DM) yield (13,257㎏/㏊) of ‘Kospeed’ was similar to that of ‘Florida 80’. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and total digestible nutrient (TDN) of ‘Kospeed’ were 73.2% and 65.3% which are 2.1% and 1.7% higher than those of ‘Florida 80’, respectively. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of ‘Kospeed’ were 29.1% and 53.1% which are 2.1% and 2.3% lower than those of ‘Florida 80’, respectively.

내한 다수성 이탈리안 라이그라스 신품종 ‘코위너’

최기준(Gi Jun Choi),임영철(Young Chul Lim),김기용(Ki-Yong Kim),성병렬(Byung Ryeoul Sung),임용우(Yong Woo Rim),김맹중(Meng Jung Kim),임근발(Kim Keun Bal),서성(Sung Seo) 한국초지조사료학회 2006 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.26 No.3

This experiment was carried out to breed the cold-tolerant variety of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) in Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Livestock Research Institute, RDA, Suwon from 1987 to 2005. New variety, Kowinner as a tetraploid variety was dark green in leaf color and growth ㏊bit in autumn and early spring was semi-prostrate and medium, respectively. Kowinner as a medium or late-heading variety was 19th May in heading date. Flag leaf length of Kowinner was 29 cm t㏊t was the same as control variety, Hwasan 101. Length of longest stem and plant length of Kowinner were 70 cm and 97 cm t㏊t was longer 3 cm t㏊n those of Hwasan 101, respectively. Stem width of Kowinner was thicker t㏊n t㏊t of Hwasan 101. Expecially, Kowinner was very good in regrowth. Cold tolerance of Kowinner was slightly weaker t㏊n t㏊t of Hwasan 101 and slightly stronger t㏊n t㏊t of Florida 80. Dry matter (DM) yield (12,884 ㎏/㏊) of Kowinner was 8% more t㏊n t㏊t of Hwasan 101. In vitro dry matter digestibility and total digestible nutrient (TDN) of Kowinner were 76.2 and 63.3% t㏊t was 1.6 and 0.4% lower t㏊n those of Hwasan 101, respectively.

SWPA2 프로모터 + AtNDPK2 유전자' 도입에 의한 버즈풋 트레포일 형질전환체 생산

김기용(Ki-Yong Kim),장요순(Yo-Soon Jang),김맹중(Meing Jooung Kim),임근발(Keun Bal Lim),김원호(Won Ho Kim),서성(Sung Seo),이상진(Sang Jin Lee),곽상수(Sang-Soo Kwak) 한국초지조사료학회 2005 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.25 No.4

Festulolium braunii 교잡종의 재배특성, 사료가치 및 수량성

성병렬(Byung Ryeol Sung),김맹중(Meng Jung Kim),임근발(Keun Bal Lim),임용우(Yong Woo Rim),김기용(Ki yong Kim),최기준(Gi Jun Choi) 한국초지조사료학회 2006 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.26 No.2

This experiment was carried out in order to examine the winterhardiness, heading date, fresh and dry matter yeild of Festulolium braunii, a hybrid of Festuca pratensis and Lolium multiflorum, which is newly introduced in Korea. This experiment was performed at National Livestock Research Institute in Suwon and Namwon from September 2004 to July 2005. The results are as follows. “Fleurial”, “Boxer”, and “Perun” showed stronger winterhardiness than “Hwasan 101”, which is one of the strongest in the winterhardiness hybrids. Therefore, we do not see there is any problem in winterhardiness when these hybrids are cultivated in Korea. The hybrids are turned out to be mid and late maturing hybrid. The average heading dates of the three hybrids were May 25 in Namwon and May 27 in Suwon. These dates are lower(1~3 days) than that of Hwasan 101. They showed 91~96 ㎝ in leaf length at 1st cutting times which are comparatively long. This experiment also disclosed that their lodging and regrowth are strong and excellent. We also found out that there are significant difference between regions and hybrids in the total fresh yield per ha. The average fresh yield of Suwon was 83,222 ㎏/㏊ and that of Namwon was 69,139 ㎏/㏊. We could not see any difference in the dry matter yield affected by region, however, there were significant difference in hybrids(p<0.05). The crude protein contents of the three hybrids indicated very high figures. the crude protein cotents of Perun, Fleurial and Boxer are 18.0%, 17.4% and 16.7% respectively. However the ADF (Acid Detergent Fiber) shows 28.1~29.2% which is less contents than 33.2% of Hwasan 101. We found out from this experiment that these three hybrids have excellent feed quality because the NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber) is decreased by 7~3.8% comparing that the NDF of Hwasan 101 is 58.3%. Also each hybrids contains more crude fat by 1%, a little more chemical composition and less ash contents. Thus we can learn that chemical composition contents of these hybrids are also fittable.

Festulolium 교잡종의 연차간 생육특성 및 수량 비교

김맹중(Meing Jooung Kim),성병렬(Byung Ryeol Sung),최기준(Gi Jun Choi),김기용(Ki Yong Kim),임근발(Keun Bal Lim),지희정(Hee Chung Ji),정기백(Ki Beak Jung) 한국초지조사료학회 2008 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.28 No.1

새로 도입된 목초 Festulolium (Festuca pratensis × Lolium multiflorum) 3개 속간교잡종의 한해, 출수기, 도복, 재생력과 수량성 및 사료가치의 지역적응력과 생산력을 검정하여 국내재배 가능성을 검토하고자, 2005년 9월부터 2006년 7월까지 수원과 남원에서 수행한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 시험교잡종의 내한성은 내한 다수성 이탈리안 라이그라스 화산101호에 비하여 Perun은 다소 강한 편이었으며 Boxer와 Fleurial은 대등하게 나타남에 따라 국내 재배 시 한해 문제는 전혀 없을 것으로 판단된다. 초장 및 도복은 표준품종과 비슷하나 Fleurial은 86㎝로 다소 짧고 도복도 15%로 가장 적게 발생되었으며, 재생력은 모든 품종이 양호하였다. 그리고 출수기는 화산101호가 5월 24일에 비하여 Fleurial은 같았으나, Perun과 Boxer는 1~3일 늦은 중만숙성 교잡종들이었다. 화산101호의 청예 및 건물 평균수량은 85,910 ㎏/㏊, 13,642㎏/㏊이었으나, 이에 비하여 시험교잡종들의 청예수량은 3~11%가 증가하였다. 건물수량은 Perun이 18%로 가장 많이 증수되었으며, Boxer와 Fleurial은 화산101호와 대등하였다. 사료가치에서 조단백질 함량은 화산101호가 12.1%인데 비해 Perun이 16.6%로 가장 높았으며 Boxer와 Fleurial이 각각 14.7%와 14.3%이었다. 시험 품종들의 NDF와 ADF는 모든 품종에서 각각 55.5%와 31.5% 미만으로서 양질 조사료의 요건을 갖추고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 가소화 건물소화율에서도 표준품종의 65.1% 보다 시험품종들이 높게 나타났으므로 이들 품종은 모두 내한 중만숙 다수성 교잡종들로 판단된다. This experiment was carried out to examine the winter hardiness, heading date, quality, and yields of Festulolium hybrids, Festuca pratensis and Lolium multiflorum, which were cultivated during September 2005 to July 2006 at Suwon and Namwon. The results are as follows; Perun, Boxer, and Fleurial showed stronger or same level of hardiness than Hwasan 101, which is one of the strongest hybrids in winter hardiness. Therefore, we did not detect any problem in winter hardiness when these hybrids were cultivated in Korea. These are turned out to be mid and late maturing hybrids. The average heading date of three hybrids were 24 to 27 May in Suwon and Namwon. These date are same or 3 days later than Hwasan 101. The average fresh yields of 3 hybrids were increased by 17~29% than that of Hwasan 101. And the dry matter yields of Perun, Boxer, and Fleurial were increased by 39%, 26%, and 29%, respectively, than that of Hwasan 101. We could not detect any difference in the average fresh and dry matter yields between region, however there were significant differences in hybrids(p<0.05). Crude protein contents of 3 hybrids were higher to 14.3~16.6% than that of Hwasan 101. The neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were decreased by 3.9 and 7.0%, respectively, comparing to Hwasan 101. Therefore these hybrids have turned out to be excellent feed quality hybrids.

중부지역 논에서 월년생 두과 사료작물의 생육특성 및 수량 비교

신재순(Jae Soon Shin),김원호(Won Ho Kim),윤세형(Sei Hyung Yoon),임영철(Young Cheol Lim),임근발(Keun Bal Lim),서성(Sung Seo) 한국초지조사료학회 2008 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.28 No.1

본 시험은 우선 논에서 여름철 사료작물과 연계할 수 있는 겨울철 재배에 적합한 월년생 두과작물로 이듬해의 개화를 통한 경관효과와 수량이 우수한 초종의 선발을 목적으로 충남 천안시 성환읍에 위치한 벼재배 농가포장에서 2006년 9월부터 2007년 5월까지 수행되었다. 월년생 두과 사료작물로서 Hairy vetch (Vicia villsa), Crimsom clover (Trifolium incarnatum), Berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum), Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum), Balansa clover (Trifolium michelianum), Sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis) 및 Forage pea (Pisum sativum) 각 1 품종을 공시하였다. 파종 45일후 출현율은 Crimsom clover, Hairy vetch, Forage pea 및 Berseem clover가 90%이상으로 높았으며 월동율은 Hairy vetch와 Crimsom clover가 각각 98%와 95%로 가장 높았다. 경관과 관계되는 개화율은 수확시(5월 10일)에 Crimson clover가 100%로 조사되었다. 생초수량과 건물수량은 Crimson clover가 각각 72,556 ㎏/㏊과 16,062 ㎏/㏊으로 가장 높았다. 조단백질 수량은 Hairy vetch가 2,929 ㎏/㏊으로 가장 높았지만 Crimson clover (2,169 ㎏/㏊)와는 차이가 없었다(p<0.05). TDN 수량은 Crimson clover가 9,007 ㎏/㏊으로 가장 높았지만 Hairy vetch (7,366 ㎏/㏊)와는 차이가 없었다 (p<0.05). 이상의 결과로부터 월동율, 수량 그리고 경관 등을 고려할 때 Crimson clover가 가장 적합한 것으로 사료되지만 추후 보완 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다. This experiment was conducted to compare the agronomic characteristics, flowering condition and productivity of introduced annual legumes at paddy field of Seonghwan (Cheonan, Chungnam, Korea) from September 2006 to May 2007. Annual legumes used in this study were hairy vetch (Vicia villsa, Rosa), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum, Contea), berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum, Alexandria), persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum, Prolific), balansa clover (Trifolium michelianum, Paradona), sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis, Yellow) and forage pea (Pisum sativum, Austrian). Emergency rate after seeding were 90% or more in crimson clover, hairy vetch, forage pea and berseem clover. Wintering of hairy vetch and crimson clover were excellent as 98% and 95%, respectively. Flowering rate of harvesting date (May 10) was 100% in crimson clover, 98% in balansa clover, 5% in persian clover and others were not flowering. Fresh and dry matter yield of crimson clover were highest as 72,556 ㎏/㏊ and 16,062 ㎏/㏊, respectively. Crude protein yield of hairy vetch was highest as 2,929 ㎏/㏊ but not significant with crimson clover (2,169 ㎏/㏊). TDN yield of crimson clover was highest as 9,007 ㎏/㏊ but not significant with hairy vetch (7,366 ㎏/㏊). According to the results from this study, it is suggested that crimson clover would be recommendable for autumn-sowing annual legume at paddy field of Central Provinces.

국내 TMR 배합소에 대한 실태조사

기광석(Kwang Seok Ki),이왕식(Wang Shik Lee),이현준(Hyun June Lee),김상범(Sang Bum Kim),백광수(Kwang Soo Baek),임근발(Keun Bal Lim),조원모(Won Mo Cho),김현섭(Hyeon Shup Kim),정하연(Ha Yeon Jeong),여준모(Joon Mo Jeo) 한국초지조사료학회 2008 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.28 No.2

본 시험은 국내 TMR 배합소에 대한 실태조사를 통하여 문제점을 파악하고 개선방향을 제시하기 위하여 수행하였다. TMR 배합소 20개 소 조사결과 조사 배합소의 65%인 13개소가 사료배합비 작성을 외부에 의뢰하고 있는 것으로 조사되었으며, 배합비 작성 등 컨설턴트 비용으로 월 평균 50~90만원 정도를 지출하고 있어, 컨설팅 비용에 대한 부담으로 경영비를 상승시키는 요인이 되는 것으로 나타났다. 국내 유통 TMR에는 에너지가인 TDN가를 표기하고 있지 않아 농가에서 구입 활용 시 적정 영양소 균형급여가 어려운 실정이다. 국내 유통 TMR에 대한 건식 TMR의 추정 TDN가는 개인공장 TMR 63.0, 생산자단체 TMR 73.2로 나타났으며, 습식 TMR의 추정 TDN가는 개인공장 TMR 64.9, 생산자단체 TMR 67.2로 생산자단체의 TMR이 개인공장의 TMR 보다 에너지가가 높은 것으로 나타났다. TMR 배합소에서 생산되는 TMR 제품의 가격은 건물기준으로 비교해 보았을 때, kg당 건식 TMR은 325.6~347.0원이었으나 습식 TMR은 365.7~375.0원으로 습식 TMR의 가격이 높았다. TMR 배합소 종사자들의 TMR의 확대 보급을 위한 선결과제로는 TMR 교육 및 홍보와 TMR 배합비 작성능력 향상을 요구하였다. 따라서 국내 TMR 배합소의 발전을 위해서는 관련 종사자에 대한 전문적인 교육이 뒷받침 되어야 함을 알 수 있다. This experiment was carried out to show a reform measures by grouping for problems by the survey of TMR plants. Twenty total mixed ration (TMR) plants (10 cooperation and 10 private plants) were surveyed, of which 13 plants, 65% of total TMR plants, committed TMR formulae to a outside nutrition specialist (TMR formulator). With respect to consulting fee for TMR formulae, 500~900 thousands Won was paid monthly. On the basis of dry matter 1kg, the prices of TMR products were 325.6~347.0 Won, whereas those of wet TMR products 365.7~375.0 Won, which was appeared to be factors to increase management cost. And also, because the TMR plants did not provide TDN (total digestible nutrient) value on their products, nutritional balance feeding for cows could not be managed in farms. It was calculated, based on ADF (acid detergent fiber) value, that TDN value in dry type TMR was 63.0% and 73.2% for private and cooperation TMR plants, respectively and that the corresponding figure in wet type TMR was 64.9% and 67.2%. According to TMR plant employee's opinion, a prier items to enlarge TMR utilization were TMR education, TMR advertisement, and improvement of ability to make TMR formula. Therefore, for the purpose of further development of TMR, special education of persons related to TMR should be supported.