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미카엘 하네케의 <히든>: 포스트모던 인식론과 포스트콜로니얼 서사의 불편한 조우
이형섭 문학과영상학회 2011 문학과영상 Vol.12 No.1
Close Encounters of Postmodern Epistemology and Postcolonial Narrative in Michael Haneke’s CachéThis paper looks into the problem of spectatorship manifest in Michael Haneke’s film, Caché (2005). Haneke’s constant destabilization and displacement of images regarding their epistemological status and in terms of both time and space render the spectator extremely helpless in attempting to arrive at the film’s meanings, however ambiguous and indeterminate they may have been intended by the director. Although Haneke explains the complexity and obtuseness of the film in terms of the director’s not necessarily cordial invitation to actively participate in creating the meanings of the film, the spectator is left with bewilderment partly through the film’s narrative obfuscation and due also in part to the tension-ridden gulf, if not the outright contradiction, that exists between the film’s postmodern epistemological form and its postcolonial narrative content. The essay is an interpretive exercise in multiple directions, all of them regretably yet necessarily inconclusive and tentative.
이형섭,Lee, Hyong-Sup 생화학분자생물학회 1970 한국생화학회지 Vol.3 No.1
Rhizopus mold cellulase의 가수분해 기구를 연구하기 위하여 alpha-cellulose, CMC, DEAE cellulose, cellulose phosphate, Sigma cell, 및 CMC phosphate를 기질로 삼아 Willst$\ddot{a}$ter and Schudel법으로 이들의 가수분해도를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Rhizopus mold cellulase에 의하여 상기 섬유소들은 다음 순위로 가수분해를 잘 받는다. 즉, CMC>DEAE cellulose>alpha-cellulose>Sigma cell>CMC phosphate>cellulose phosphate. 2. Aspergillus niger cellulase에 의한 가수분해 순위는 다음과 같다. Sigma cell>CMC>DEAE cellulose>alpha-cellulose>CMC phosphate>cellulose phosphate. 3. Rhizopus mold cellulase는 pH 2.8~6.0 범위에서 안정하며, $70^{\circ}{\sim}90^{\circ}$ 범위에서 내열성이 있었다. 4. Succinate 및 citrate buffer에서 Rhizopus mold cellulase의 활성도는 높고, phosphate buffer에서 낮다. 5. Bovine albumin 및 cysteine는 Rhizopus mold cellulase를 부활시키고 $Na_2HPO_4$는 저해하였다. 6. $Ca^{++}$, $Mg^{++}$은 Rhizopus mold cellulase를 부활시키고 $Cu^{++}$는 이 cellulase를 저해하였다. A prevalent explanation of the enzymic hydrolysis of cellulose involves at least two enzymes, cellulase and cellobiase. Cellulase produces and probably other oligosaccharides, whereas cellobiase hydrolyzes these products to glucose. In an effort to characterize the enzyme concerned in the hydrolysis of cellulose substitutes, the experiments were carried out by the following method. Seven milliliters of citrate (pH 4.5) containing 30 mg of the cellulose was incubated with 30 mg of Rhizopus mold cellulase (Sigma) and 2 drops of toluene at $47^{\circ}$ continuing the aeration. After 24 hours the suspension was filtrated and a 1 ml aliquot of the filtrate was assyed. The activity is expressed in milligrams of reducing sugar as glucose. In general, native cellulose exhibits a much greater resistance to enzymic hydrolysis than do regenerated cellulose, Hence, it has become customary to use treated celluloses for measurement of cellulolytic activity, since the sensitivity is thereby greately increased. Accordingly, the author used cellulose substitutes such as CMC, cellulose phosphate, DEAE cellulose and alpha-cellulose (fiber) and Sigm acell (macrocrystalline) as substrate to investigate the effects of metal ions and thiol containing compounds on Rhizopus mold cellulase. The preferability of buffer system, temperature stability, and pH stability were studied, too. The following results were obtained; The cellulase is stable over the pH range of 2.8-6.0 and the temperature range of $70^{\circ}-90^{\circ}$. The cellulase was shown to be inhibited by sodium phosphate and $Cu^{2+}$, but not by $Fe^{3+}$ and EDTA. It was found that the addition of bovine albumin, $Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$ and cysteine activated the cellulase activity.
완전탈구 후 재식한 영구 절치의 예후에 대한 후향적 연구
이형섭,김영진,김현정,김소현,남순현 大韓小兒齒科學會 2016 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.43 No.3
Many studies on the prognosis of avulsed teeth were published but follow-up studies on Korean children and adolescents are insufficient. The aim of this study was to identify clinical factors determining the healing and prognosis of permanent incisors that were replanted after avulsion injury. This study included 184 permanent teeth in 142 patients aged 6-14 years. The clinical and radiographic data of the patients were analyzed from electronic medical records. Immature teeth had a higher probability of pulp revascularization than mature teeth. When extra-alveolar time was longer than 60 minutes, the incidence of inflammatory root resorption (IRR) was higher in immature teeth than mature teeth. However, the incidence of replacement root resorption (RR) was higher in mature teeth than immature teeth under the same condition. The incidence of IRR was increased when pulp was extirpated more than 20 days after replantation. IRR had a more significant influence on the decrease of survival expectation than RR. There was no significant correlation between the root development stage and survival expectation. However, when RR occurred, immature teeth survived shorter than mature teeth. Long term follow-up results from this study are expected to be used as fundamental data for the treatment guidelines and evaluation of the prognosis of replanted teeth. 지금까지 완전탈구된 치아의 예후에 대해 많은 연구가 발표되었으나, 국내의 소아와 청소년을 대상으로 한 추적 조사 연구는 거의 없다. 이에 본 연구에서는 6-14세 환자 142명의 재식치 184개를 대상으로 전자의무기록지와 치근단 방사선 사진을평가함으로써 재식된 영구 절치의 치유와 예후에 영향을 미치는 인자에 대해 분석하였다. 재식치의 치근 발육 단계가 낮을수록 치수의 재혈관화 가능성이 높았다. 구외 시간이 60분 이상인 경우 염증성 치근 흡수의 발생률은 미성숙 치아에서 높게 나타났으며, 대치성 치근 흡수의 발생률은 성숙 치아에서 높게 나타났다. 20일 이상 경과하여 발수한 경우 염증성 치근 흡수의 발생률이 증가하였으며, 대치성 치근 흡수에 비해 염증성 치근 흡수가 생존 기간의 감소에 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 치근의 발육 단계와 재식치의 생존 기간 간에 상관관계는 없었으나, 대치성 치근흡수가 발생한 경우 미성숙 치아의 생존 기간은 성숙 치아에 비해 짧았다. 본 연구는 장기간의 추적 조사를 통해 수행한 연구로서, 완전탈구된 치아의 치료 지침과 예후 평가에 대한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있으리라 생각된다.