국제 환경규제 대응을 위한 국내 환경독성 시험법 개발 및 적용 방안

이헌주 韓國外國語大學校 大學院 2012 국내박사

In recent years, global environmental regulatory policies such as the EU's REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals; new chemicals management laws) and environmental regulatory policies of developed countries including the United States and Japan have been introduced and increasingly strengthened. Accordingly, country-by-country GLP (Good Laboratory Practice) management systems and a variety of toxicology test and evaluation technologies have been actively developed and continued to evolve for the chemical substances which cause environmental toxicity. In order to cope with the increasingly strengthened global environmental regulations, there are needed, along with the expansion of the capacity of GLP institutions through the development of domestic environmental toxicity tests, application and utilization of the developed environmental toxicity tests in the industry, systematic training of GLP professional researchers, and the expansion of technical exchanges of experts. Although GLP toxicity assessment technologies of our country started far later than the developed countries, the general toxicity tests among them have become in line with international standards owing to the continued efforts of research institutes and companies. However, environmental toxicity tests have mainly been entrusted to overseas institutions due to immaturity of the domestic market and technologies, and the relevant domestic technologies still remain in a very low level or have not yet been established. Thus, to enable timely responses to the confronting environmental regulations in and outside the country, environmental toxicity tests, which are essential when developing new materials in the domestic biotechnology and chemical companies, were developed in a lump using various substances and established to a level that meets international standards, through the present dissertation. The newly reestablished tests are: the environmental analysis tests of which importance is internationally being emphasized and which accurately determine the homogeneity and stability of test substances; four kinds of microbial biodegradation assays (DOC die-away, CO2 evolution, Closed bottle, and Modified OECD screening) which have not yet been developed and established in this country; avian toxicity tests (acute oral toxicity and dietary toxicity); genotoxicity tests (SOS chromotest); physicochemical assays; and general toxicity tests on rodents. In particular, SOS chromotest was tried as a convenient alternative for the genotoxicity test and, consequently, it was confirmed that six low-molecular-weight chemicals, which had shown IF values of less than 1.5 in the test, have no genotoxicity. Rodent toxicity tests using IVC (Individually Ventilated Cages) system have been established to have high reproducibility and to employ fewer animals. In these tests, extracts of huinmokyi mushrooms (Tremella fuciformis, China) and gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides, Korea) showed no toxicities at their highest doses, and Chlorpyrifos, an organophosphorus insecticide, showed a relatively high LD50 values in mice (Male: 141.42 mg/kg [80.43 - 248.67]; Female: 141.42 mg/kg [-]) and rats (Male: 452.98 mg/kg [-]; Female: 284.24 mg/kg [148.98 - 726.06]), respectively, and the signs of white colored eye, hypersensitivity, dacryohemorrhea, tremor, and hypolocomotion of the test animals were observed depending on the administered concentration. By introducing a new and simple system to the genotoxicity and general toxicity tests, the risk assessment and the application to the prediction screening techniques of environmentally hazardous substances have become easier. In the avian toxicity tests using 10 day-old Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica), Pyraclofos, an organophosphorus agrochemical which is important in the environmental toxicity assessment, and JCTC-0975 were used as test substances and exhibited LD50 values of 55.00 mg/kg and 9.00 mg/kg, respectively, in the oral toxicity tests and LC50 values of 130.00 mg/kg and 75.00 mg/kg, respectively, in the dietary toxicity tests. The outcome above indicated 35∼100% higher level than any previously reported data, in both domestic and international, which demonstrates that a great difference can be resulted depending on varying conditions for in vivo testing. Further, microbial biodegradation test protocols, 301A, 301B, 301D and 301E, which were formerly unestablished, have been established and microbes suitable for the test protocols have been secured. Furthermore, with respect to the physiochemical characteristics analysis, methods for measuring melting points, boiling points, surface tension, and viscosity, as well as GLP analysis tests including homogeneity and stability tests of which importance are emphasized as a core technology of GLP, globally in recent years. In this dissertation, those environmental toxicity tests unestablished so far including test substance analysis techniques were developed through a number of comparative and repetitive tests using a variety of toxicity-inducing pesticides and comparative substances. The tests were conducted in accordance with OECD guideline so that the results were drawn with reliability and reproducibility which are consistent with the global standards, and hence the established tests have a significant meaning. In other words, environmental toxicity tests that were previously undeveloped or unestablished for domestic use now became established in standardized GLP protocol model suitable for domestic use. These developed tests are in line with global test standards, and can be utilized for the assessment of various pesticides, natural materials and environmentally toxic substances and the development of new materials and bioassays. Accordingly, it is expected that the developed tests can be widely utilized in the domestic and international industries and further development of the tests is activated through collaborative researches. In the future, domestic CRO industry should be actively promoted by developing various environmental toxicity tests, activating the domestic application and utilization of the developed techniques, and systematic fosterage of expert consultants and researchers having registration experience and skills, as well as by making it compulsory to domestically perform some test items related to toxicity assessment as the developed countries do.

데이터 스트림 윈도우 질의를 위한 다중의 연속 MJoin 연산자 공유 처리

이헌주 서강대학교 대학원 2007 국내석사

Development of the detection method using complement 1 q for the immune-reaction of protein chips

이헌주 서강대학교 대학원 2002 국내박사

韓國軍의 動員體制에 관한 硏究 : 動員機構·體制를 中心으로

이헌주 漢陽大學校 行政大學院 1998 국내석사

Even with the of invading our country, Republic of korea, in June 25, 1950; the North Korean government during their conventionnal meeting in October, 1980, they've announced that "the main purpose of the choson nodong dang is influence our communist system to ROK' s socialist system and to unite two Koreas with our people democracy. The overall goal is spreading the communist ideas." This clearly shows North Korea have not changed their mind about invading our democratic country. Especially, in April 9, 1996, Kim Kwang-Jin, who is the immin moolyukboo 1booboojang, have told their party members and the worker that "We must be in alert and be ready to fight with anyone in anytime". In few days later, dangbiseo Choi Tae-Bok, have said, "We must increase our backup power for tighter, security. It is important to prepare for a war at anytime. Our country from our enemy", during Kim Il-sung's 84th birthday celebration at Pyungyang Arena. Our country, ROK, is being invaded by North Korean governments and this intrusion will not end until the unification of two Koreas. According to my observations and the military experience, I've found several problems. First of all, it is important for us to set up an emergency defence system by inspecting all of our stored military goods and increase the system of Mobilization Search Center. Secondly, to set up our own system it is important for us minimize Mobilization Reaction Crisis and develope the Mobilization plan by Advance Mobilization and part Mobilization. And finally, must set up Mobilization Legislation Matrix. To accomplish all these, it is important us not to enact and pass the law war peace which decreases the number fighting power. Currently, we are seeing changes of international environment which leads us to have hope for unification, Bat it is true that North Korea is always in alert to intrude our country so that we must be prepared. And of course, we have to prepare for unification as well. Therefore, just like the Korean proverb, no matter how good is the plan is the is you don't act or apply without quick and accurate actions everything will go down the dranes. Furthermore, it is important to solve this with state of the art technology. To accomplish this, it is must to change and control the roles of the Army Reserves and maintain all the military supplies we have. And it's not possible to develope search mobilization individually so that it is must to get help by civilian, government, and logistics part.

금속 용사 마감 공법을 적용한 콘크리트의 전자파 차폐 효과에 관한 실험적 연구

이헌주 漢陽大學校 産業經營大學院 2005 국내석사

고성능 C-MOSFET 소자 구현을 위한 SGOI 공정 개발 방법 중 Condensation mechanism에 관한 연구

이헌주 漢陽大學校 大學院 2008 국내석사

차세대 정보통신 소자의 고속화, 저전력 소모, 고집적화 및 다기능화 요구 성능을 충족시키기 위해서는 단위 소자 셀의 회로 선 폭을 지속적으로 줄여야만 가능하다. Gate 길이가 60nm 이하로 줄어들게 되면 소자구조는 ultra-thin body SOI (UTS) C-MOSFET 형태가 되어 20nm 이하의 상층 실리콘 두께를 요구하게 된다. 이럴 경우, 양자현상으로 인해 반전 층 내의 캐리어들이 속박되고 inter-valley 산란이 증가하여 그 이동도가 감소하는 문제가 발생한다. 이러한 소자동작 속도 저하를 개선하기 위하여 Si grown on relaxed SiGe-on-insulator (ε-SGOI) 구조 기반의 C-MOSFET 소자가 개발되었다. ε-SGOI 구조는 상층 실리콘과 중간 절연막인 buried SiO2층 사이에 SiGe 층을 삽입하여 상층 실리콘의 구조를 strain 상태로 바꾸게 된다. ε-SGOI 구조는 inter-valley, intra-valley 산란을 감소시킴과 동시에 전자의 유효질량을 낮추어 일반적인 SOI 기반의 소자보다 캐리어의 이동도를 향상시킬 수 있다. 이러한 ε-SGOI 구조를 성립시킬 수 있는 방법에는 bonding, dislocation sink, condensation 방법이 있다. 이 중 condensation method가 bonding method나 dislocation sink method와 비교하여 가장 품질이 우수하고 cost effective한 relaxed SiGe-on-insulator의 제작 방법이다. Condensation 방법으로 제작된 ε-SGOI 웨이퍼는 bonding 방법에 비해 6배 이상, dislocation sink 방법에 비해 1.15배 이상 surface roughness가 개선되며, 공정시간은 bonding 방법에 비해 11배 이상, dislocation sink 방법의 1.5배 이상 단축되는 효과가 있다. 하지만 수많은 연구에도 불구하고 condensation 방법의 mechanism은 여전히 밝혀지지 않은 부분이 많다. 이 연구에서 우리는 실험을 통하여 발견된 SiGe 층의 strained 상태에서 relaxed 상태로 변화하는 condensation 방법의 mechanism과 그에 따른 공정 최적화에 대해 설명할 것이다. Relaxed SiGe-on-insulator를 제작하기 위한 condensation method에서는 oxidation time, SiGe의 농도, SiGe의 두께 그리고 마지막으로 oxidation의 온도가 중요한 파라미터로 작용한다. 결국 이 모든 조건을 고려하여 SGOI의 공정을 진행하여야 가장 최적화된 SGOI층을 만들 수 있다. The condensation method to grow a strained SiGe layer-on-insulator (ε-SGOI) has attracted interests for the application of high speed complementary metal?oxide?semiconductor field-effect transistors (CMOSFETs) because of high quality properties and effective process cost. Although many reports presented its superiority in a device performance to bonding and dislocation sink technologies, the mechanism by which the condensation method produces ε-SGOI has also not been clearly explained and the surface properties have not been evaluated. Thus, we investigated condensation mechanism in detail by characterizing a surface property and Ge profile in SiGe layer. In this study, we refer about condensation mechanism. There are four states in SiGe layer during the condensation process is proceeding. The first states is that a SiGe layer on silicon-on-insulator layer was epitaxally grown. In the second states, diffusion of Ge atoms in SiGe layer into Si layer-on-insulator was generated and Ge atoms were segregated into only surface oxide. It was observed that Ge profile of SiGe layer was shown a less graded profile. And, in the third step, Ge atoms in SiGe layer into Si layer-on-insulator was diffused further than a first step did and Ge atoms were segregated into surface oxide. It was observed that Si layer was shown a fully graded profile. Lastly, in the fourth step, the diffusion of Ge atoms in SiGe layer into Si layer-on-insulator was finished completely and Ge atoms were segregated into both surface and buried oxides. It was confirm that Ge profile of SiGe layer was shown a Gaussian profile rather than a graded profile, and dislocation sink occurred. Therefore, our talk will focus on the explanation for the mechanism by which condensation method produces ε-SGOI via characterizing a surface property, oxidation temperature, post annealing, SiGe thickness, a remained Si thickness on insulator, and Ge concentration in SiGe layer.

전달함수법에 의한 콘크리트슬래브의 동적거동예측

이헌주 연세대학교 1994 국내석사

임베디드 리눅스 보드를 이용한 홈 네트워킹 시스템 구현에 관한 연구

이헌주 弘益大學校 大學院 2003 국내석사

본 논문에서는 사용자의 편의를 고려하여 임베디드 리눅스 보드를 사용한 홈 네트워킹 시스템을 설계하였다. 설계한 홈 네트워킹 시스템은 인터넷 망을 기반으로 하고 있으며, 서버, 클라이언트, 시뮬레이터의 3가지 부분으로 구성되어 있다. 자바언어로 프로그램된 서버 서비스 데몬과 웹 서버 프로그램은 임베디드 리눅스 커널을 사용하는 보드에 포함되어 있다. 사용자는 웹 브라우저를 내장한 모든 일반적인 컴퓨터, PDA 등의 장치에서 웹브라우저를 사용하여 서버에 접속할 수 있다. 모든 종류의 CPU와 OS를 지원하기 위하여 클라이언트측 프로그램은 자바 애플릿을 사용하였다. 사용자는 별도의 프로그램을 설치할 필요 없이, 임베디드 서버의 웹서버로부터 자바로 작성된 클래스 파일과 웹페이지를 전송받아 서버에 접속 할 수 있게 되며, 원격지에서 각종 기기들의 제어가 가능하게 된다. 일반 데스크탑 컴퓨터 대신 사용할 수 있는 임베디드 리눅스 보드는 작은 크기(86.3×74mm)이므로 내장형 시스템을 구성하는데 유용하다. 홈 네트워킹 시스템뿐만 아니라 각종 감시 시스템, 사무 자동화, 공장 자동화 및 로봇 분야 등에도 널리 이용되어 질 수 있다. 보드 자체는 작은 자원을 가지나 많은 자원을 필요로 하지 않는 국한된 목적의 여러 시스템에 적용하기에 적합하며 실제로 많은 분야에서 사용되어 지고 있다. 시스템을 설계하기 위하여 임베디드 보드에 리눅스를 포팅하고, 웹서버를 사용 가능하게 만들어 준 후, 자바 프로그램을 실행하기 위한 JVM을 포팅하였다. 이로써 웹서버로서의 역할과 홈 네트워킹 서버로서의 역할을 동시에 수행하게 된다. 시뮬레이션 프로그램은 자바 어플리케이션 프로그램을 사용하였고 데이터의 정상적인 전달여부와 기기들의 상태를 모니터링 할 수 있도록 하였다. In this paper, we have designed a Home Networking System using an embedded linux board. The system based on the World-Wide-Web is composed of three parts - a Server, a Client and a Simulator. The Home Networking Server is built in an embedded board using an embedded linux kernel. A web-server and Home Networking Server Service Demon programming with a Java-Language are included in the board. Clients may connect to the server board using a web-browser in the desktop computer, PDA or any other machines which include web-browsers. For this purpose, we made the client program using a Java-Applet. So, the clients who connect to the server for the control of the applications, download the class-file and execute the client-program in the web-browser. So, the clients don't need any other programs to control the applications from a remote place. The size of server board is very small (86.3×74mm), which makes it very useful not only for the Home-Networking-System but also in many other fields, e.g., embedded robot control system, etc. Using an embedded board instead of a desktop computer is good for a simple network environment and it occupies only a small space to make the system.

청년기 자녀가 지각하는 수용-거부적 부모양육태도가 자기통제에 미치는 영향: 적극적 대처의 매개효과

이헌주 한국상담대학원대학교 2023 국내석사

본 연구는 청년기 자녀가 지각하는 수용-거부적 부모양육태도가 자녀의 자기통제에 미치는 영향을 알아보고, 적극적 대처의 매개효과를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 전국의 20~30대 성인 340명을 대상으로 인구통계학적 특성과 부모양육태도 척도, 자기통제 척도, 스트레스 대처 척도로 구성된 온라인 설문을 실시하였다. 불성실한 응답을 제외한 340명을 연구 대상으로 하였으며 빈도분석, 신뢰도, 독립표본 t검정, Pearson 상관분석, 매개 회기 분석, Bootstrapping으로 자료를 분석하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 수용적 부모양육태도, 거부적 부모양육태도, 자기통제, 적극적 대처가 통계적으로 유의미한 상관관계를 보였다. 먼저 수용적 부모양육태도는 자기통제와 정적인 상관을 나타냈고, 거부적 부모양육태도는 자기통제와 부적인 상관을 나타났다. 이는 수용적인 부모양육태도는 자녀의 높은 자기통제력과 관계가 있으며, 거부적인 부모양육태도는 낮은 자기통제 형성에 영향을 미친다. 둘째, 적극적 대처가 수용적 부모양육태도와 자기통제의 관계에서 부분매개 효과를 나타냈다. 셋째, 적극적 대처가 거부적 부모양육태도와 자기통제의 관계에서도 부분매개 효과를 나타냈다. 이는 거부적 부모양육태로 인한 스트레스 상황에서 자녀가 적극적 대처라는 매개효과를 작용하게 되면 자기통제가 증가해 부정적 영향이 감소할 것이라는 의미로 볼 수 있을 것이다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 의의 및 제한점을 논하였다.

인공 신경망으로부터 추출한 규칙의 불확실성에 관한 연구

이헌주 고려대학교 대학원 2019 국내석사

인공 신경망(artificial neural network)은 최근 계층을 깊게 쌓는 딥 러닝 (deep learning)으로 진화하면서 영상 및 음성인식이나 번역 등의 다양한 분야에서 뛰어난 성능을 보여주고 있다. 하지만 인공 신경망이 학습한 지 식이 정확히 어떤 내용인지를 사람이 파악하기 어렵다는 문제점이 존재하 는데, 이와 같은 인공 신경망의 문제점을 해결하기 위한 방법 중 하나로 학습된 인공 신경망으로부터 인간이 이해할 수 있는 형태의 규칙을 추출 하는 방법들이 고안되었다. 본 연구에서는 학습된 인공 신경망으로부터 규칙을 추출하는 방법 중 하나인 ordered-attribute search(OAS) 알고리즘을 사용하여 인공 신경망으로 부터 규칙을 추출해보고, 추출된 규칙을 개선하기 위해 규칙들을 분석 하 였다. 그 결과로 은닉 층의 출력 값이 sigmoid함수를 통과한 이후에 0 또 는 1에 가까운 값이 아닌 중간 값을 갖는 경우 규칙의 불확실성 문제가 발생해, 규칙의 정확도에 영향을 주는 것을 파악하였다. 규칙의 불확실성 문제 해결을 위해 은닉 유닛 명확화 기법을 적용하였 고 그 결과로 은닉 층 출력 값을 이진화하여 효율적인 규칙을 추출할 수 있음을 제시하였다. 그리고 학습된 인공 신경망으로부터 중요 데이터 라 우팅 경로(Critical Data Routing Paths)를 추출하였고, 이를 규칙을 가지치 기 하는데 이용하여 결과적으로 규칙의 불확실성 문제가 적게 발생할 수 있음을 보였다. Artificial neural networks evolved into deep learning that deepens layers re- cently and perform well in various fields such as image and speech recog- nition and translation. However, there is a problem that it is difficult for a person to understand what exactly the trained knowledge of the artificial neu- ral network is. As one of the methods for solving the problem of the artifi- cial neural network, rule extraction methods have been devised. In this study, rules are extracted from artificial neural networks using or- dered-attribute search (OAS) algorithm, which is one of the methods of ex- tracting rules from trained neural networks, and the rules are analyzed to im- prove the extracted rules. As a result, we found that when the output value of the hidden layer has an intermediate value that is not close to 0 or 1 af- ter passing through the sigmoid function, the uncertainty of rules occurs and affects the accuracy of the rules. In order to solve the uncertainty of the rules, we applied the hidden unit clarification method and suggested that it is possible to extract the efficient rule by binarizing the hidden layer output value. In addition, we extracted CDRPs(critical data routing paths) from the trained neural networks and used CDRPs to prune the extracted rules, which showed that the uncertainty of rules can be improved.