6가 크롬 폭로가 랫트의 태반 기능과 출산에 미치는 영향

이헌,문덕환,이채언,강성구,손병철,김대환,이창희,김정원,이채관,전진호,Lee, Heun,Moon, Deog-Hwan,Lee, Chae-Un,Kang, Sung-Goo,Son, Byung-Chul,Kim, Dae-Hwan,Lee, Chang-Hee,Kim, Jung-Won,Lee, Chae-Kwan,Chun, Jin-Ho 대한예방의학회 2004 예방의학회지 Vol.37 No.2

Objectives : This study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of chromium (VI) on the placental function and reproduction in rats. For the study, the placental prolactin-growth hormone (PRL-GH) gene expression, placental trophoblast cell differentiation and reproductive data were analyzed. Methods : The pregnancies of F344 Fisher rats were checked by the presence of a copulatory plug or sperm in the vaginal smear, which was defined as day 0 of the pregnancy. Pregnant rats were divided into the three groups. The control group was given tap water (chromium level < 0.001 ppm) and the remaining groups were given 250 or 750 ppm of chromium (VI) [as potassium dichromate], from day 7 to 19 of the pregnancy. Rats were sacrificed at days 11 and 20 of pregnancy. The mRNA levels of PRL-GH and Pit-1a and b isotype genes were analyzed by Northern blot hybridization and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The hormonal concentration was analyzed by radioimmunoassay, and the differentiation of placental trophoblast cells were observed by histochemical studies. Reproductive data, such as placental and fetal weights, pregnancy period, and litter size, were surveyed at day 20 of pregnancy and after birth. A statistical analysis was carried out using the SAS program (version 8.1). Results : The mRNA levels of the prolactin-growth hormone (PRL-GH) family of genes were dose dependently reduced by chromium exposure. The mRNA levels of Pit-1a and b isotype genes that induce the expression of the PRL-GH family of genes were also reduced by chromium exposure. The PRL-GH hormonal concentration in the rat placenta, fetus and maternal blood were decreased by chromium exposure. In the middle stage of pregnancy (day 11), a high dose of chromium suppressed the differentiation of spongiotrophoblast cells that secret the PRLGH hormones. In the last stage of pregnancy (day 20), a high dose of chromium induced apoptosis of placental cells. Reproductive data, such as placental and fetal weights, litter size, were reduced, but the pregnancy period was extended in the group exposed to chromium compared with the controls. Conclusion : Chromium (VI) disrupts the ordered functions of the placenta, which leads to reproductive disorders in rats.

라식 술 전검사에서 관찰된 주변부 망막병변

이담호 ( Lee Dam Ho ) , 이헌일 ( Lee Heon Il ) , 권오연 ( Kwon O Yeon ) 대한안과학회 2004 대한안과학회지 Vol.45 No.1

Tumor Necrosis Factor from Human Peripheral Monocytes: Induction, Purification, Gene Cloning and Expression

이헌,김정현,김승수,Lee, Hun,Kim, Jeong-Hyun,Kim, Soung-Soo 생화학분자생물학회 1989 한국생화학회지 Vol.22 No.4

LPS와 PMA를 다양하게 조합하여 사람 단핵구 세포를 처리해서 이들로부터 사람 종양괴사인자가 생성되었다. 특히 사람 단핵구 세포 ($2{\times}10^7$ 세포/ml)를 PMA (10 ng/ml)로 먼저 6시간 처리하고 LPS $(20{\mu}g/ml)$로 나중에 6시간 처리하였을 때 가장 높은 종양괴사인자 활성을 얻을 수 있었다. 유도한 종양괴사인자는 혈청이 포함되지 않은 배양배지로부터 DEAE-Sephacel 이온교환 크로마토그라피, Sephadex G-75 gel filtration, SDS-PAGE 용출방법에 의해 정제하였다. SDS-PAGE 방법에 의해 결정된 종양괴사인자의 분자량은 대략 17,800 정도였고 Sephadex G-150 gel filtration 방법에 의해 얻은 native 분자량은 68,000 정도였다. 반면에 ${\lambda}gt11$ 발현 운반체 system에 의해 E. coli에서 발현된 recombinant 사람 종양괴사인자의 분자량은 Western blot 분석과 Sephadex G-150 gel filtration 방법에 의해 모두 17,400 정도로 나타났다. 이 같은 결과들로 보아 종양괴사인자의 monomer 형태와 multimer 형태가 모두 생물학적으로 활성을 갖는다는 것을 알 수 있다. Human tumor necrosis factor(TNF) was produced from human peripheral monocytes by treatment of the cells with various combinations of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and phorbol myristate acetate(PMA). The best induction of TNF activity could be achieved when human peripheral monocytes ($2{\times}10^7$ cells/ml) were first treated with 10 ng/ml of PMA for 6 hours followed by 6 hours treatment with LPS$(20{\mu}g/ml)$. Induced TNF from serum-free culture media was purified by DEAE-Sephacel ion exchange chromatography, Sephadex G-75 gel filtration and SDS-PAGE elution. The molecular weight of the TNF as determined by SDS-PAGE was about 17,800, while the native molecular weight obtained by Sephadex G-150 gel filtration was 68,000. On the other hand, the molecular weight of recombiant human TNF obtained in E. coli by ${\lambda}gt11$ expression vector system was estimated to be 17,400 by Western blot analysis and Sephadex G-150 gel filtration. These results suggest that both monomeric and multimeric forms of TNF are biologically active.

국내 시판중인 일부 화장품의 중금속 농도에 관한 연구

이헌,유유정,박명희,김정호,이용희,문찬석,황용식,문덕환,Lee, Hun,Yoo, Yoo-Jung,Park, Myoung-Hee,Kim, Jung-Ho,Lee, Yong-Hee,Moon, Chan-Seok,Hwang, Yong-Shik,Moon, Deog-Hwan 대한예방의학회 1998 예방의학회지 Vol.31 No.4

This study aims at providing the fundamental data on the field of cosmetics by comparing heavy metal concentration in terms of domestic/foreign products, items, companies and colors. This study has determined the concentration of chromium, lead, mangagnese, nickel, copper and vanadium in cosmetics such as moisturizer, concealer, foundation (Ivory-yellow), compact powder (Ivory-yellow), lip colo. (Red, brown), eye shadow (Red, brwon and dark green) and eye liner (Black) manufactured by five domestic cosmetic companies and five foreign cosmetic companies on the market. The samples have been collected in cosmetic stores in Pusan from Dec. lst 1996 to Jan. 3lst 1997. The results are as follows : 1. The heavy metal concentration in cosmetics was $2.420{\mu}g/g$ for chromium, $0.82{\mu}g/g$ for lead, $4.49{\mu}g/g$ for manganese, $1.69{\mu}g/g$for nickel, $0.53{\mu}g/g$ for copper, and $51{\mu}g/g$ for vanadium, respectively. 2. Lead and vanadium concentration were significantly higher in domestic cosmetics than foreign cosmetics(p<0.05). 3. The mean(GM) concentrations of heavy metal were different significantly (p<0.01) when classified with cosmetic items. The highest means shown at eye shadow in $Cr(14.96{\mu}g/g),\;Cu(1.32{\mu}g/g),\;V(1.28{\mu}g/g),\;and\;Ni(8.30{\mu}g/g)$, compact powder in $Pb(2.50{\mu}g/g)$, eye liner in $Mn(90.62{\mu}g/g)$. 4. The mean(GM) concentrations of heavy metal were different significantly (p<0.01) among colored cosmetics. The highest mean concentration of Cr, Ni, Cu and V were dark green-colored cosmetics, that of Mn was black-colored cosmetics, and that of Pb was ivory yellow- colored cosmetics.

온라인 커뮤니티의 사회적 자본과 제도

이헌아(Huna Lee),류석진(Seok Jin Lew) 한국정보사회학회 2013 정보사회와 미디어 Vol.- No.27

본 논문은 온라인 커뮤니티의 제도를 ‘재생산’이라고 보고, 제도의 성패가 사회적 자본에 의해 달라진다는 가설을 검증하는 목표를 갖고 있다. 이를 위해 이론적으로 로버트 퍼트남(Robert D.Putnam)의 ‘사회적 자본(social capital)" 개념을 소개하고, 다른 연구를 통해 측정 가능하도록 개념을 보완한 뒤, 이를 온라인 커뮤니티에 맞게 수정 및 적용했다. 구체적으로 가설을 검증하기위해 비슷한 시기에 나타났으나 양상은 크게 달랐던 두 온라인 커뮤니티를 선정하여 NodeXL 프로그램을 이용, 사회적 자본에 대한 실증적인 분석을 하였다. 본 논문은 온라인 커뮤니티에도 사회적 자본 개념을 적용할 수 있다고 보았으며, 온라인 커뮤니티의 제도인 재생산에 영향을 끼치는 사회적 자본의 구성요소를 탐구했다. 또한 온라인 커뮤니티에 맞는 사회적 자본 개념이 기존과는 다를 수 있음을 지적하고 있다. Increasing the number of online community, online community has been focused on a new example in a social science field. This paper aims to explore the institution of online community as a concept of reproduction. Moreover, the hypothesis that social capital affects the success or failure of the institution which is studied by Robert D.Putnam can be adopted to online community. Social capital has been studied in many fields, however, it is not suitable to prove that how affects online community because of the lack of measurable concepts. Thus, this paper compensates some specific concepts which is studied by others and these apply to online community; Mutual interests by one’s value, Community space, and spontaneity and support. To verify this hypothesis, two online communities that began from a same portal-site in a same period were chose to analyze and explain the influence of social capital. NodeXL, a kind of computer software program developed to analyze a network was used to examine their empirical networks. As a result, this paper explains that the difference of social capital affects the reproduction of online community.

ISDN 교환기

이헌,Lee, Heon 한국전자통신연구원 1987 전자통신 Vol.9 No.4

Switching system can be regarded as the key node of Integrated Services Digital Networks(ISDN) because it plays the Important role in realization of ISDN. As ISDN is evolved from the telephony Integrated Digital Network(IDN), the switching system for ISDN will be evolved from the function and structure of telephony digital switching system. At near future, ISDN switching system is expected to implement the integrated access and transparent switching functions for both voice and data. As final goals of switching system, advanced switching methods for information having various traffic characteristics such as voice, data, text and image should be considered. This paper considered. This paper will show some of the fundamental design challenges and architectural trends in ISDN switching system.

접힘 인공수정체 표면의 폴리에틸렌 글리콜 표면 중합이 후낭혼탁 발생에 미치는 영향

이헌일,김미금,고정화,이현주,위원량,이진학.Hyeon Il Lee. M.D... Mee Kum Kim. M.D.. Ph.D... Jung Hwa Ko... Hyun Ju Lee... Won Ryang Wee. M.D.. Ph.D... Jin Hak Lee. M.D.. Ph.D.. 대한안과학회 2006 대한안과학회지 Vol.47 No.4

Purpose: To investigate the effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-grafted acryl intraocular lenses on the prevention of posterior capsular opacification (PCO). Methods: The acrylic surface of an intraocular lens (Acrysof SA 60AT, Alcon) was polymerized with PEG (PEG-IOL). To investigate the degree of cell adhesion to the modified lens surface, human lens epithelial cells (1×104 cells/ml) were inoculated on each PEG-grafted and acrylic control lens, and all were cultured in a carbon dioxide incubator for 24 hours. The adhered cells were trypsinized and counted. The PEG-IOL was implanted in 20 New Zealand rabbits after removal of the crystalline lens. The formations of PCO were checked serially through retroilluminated digital photography and severity scores were calculated using POCOman. The cell adherence pattern on the PEG-grafted IOL was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Results: The mean number of adherent cells in PEG-IOL was 3.2±1.1×103, which tended to be smaller than that of the unmodified acrylic control (3.6±1.9×103), but without statistical significance. The mean severity of posterior capsular opacification in PEG-IOL was much lower than in the control, especially at week 3. Scanning electron microscopy revealed more patch-like cells firmly attached to the lens surface in the control. Conclusions: PEG polymerization of the acrylic IOL may lessen the formation of posterior capsular opacification.

방사선 투시 유도하 폐병소 생검:세침흡인생검과 대침절단생검의 비교

이헌,한영민,정태곤,정경호,손명희,김종수,최기철,이동근,이양근,Lee, Heon,Han, Young-Min,Jeong, Tae-Gon,Chung, Gyung-Ho,Sohn, Myung-Hee,Kim, Chong-Su,Choi, Ki-Chul,Lee, Dong-Keun,Rhee, Yang-Keun 대한영상의학회 1995 대한영상의학회지 Vol.32 No.6

사람 단핵구 종양괴사인자의 유도 , 정제 . 크로닝 및 발현

이헌,김정현,김승수 ( Hun Lee,Jeong Hyun Kim,Soung Soo Kim ) 생화학분자생물학회 1989 BMB Reports Vol.22 No.4

The gene encoding subtilisin Carlsberg from Bacillus licheniformis has been isolated by the $quot;in-situ colony hybridization technique$quot; using synthetic oligonucleotide as a probe. Pstl digested chromosomal DNA was ligated into the Pstl site of pBR322. The ligation mixture was used to transform E. coli and the transformants were screened by the in-situ colony hybridization technique. Out of 3,500 colonies screened, one colony was hyridized to the probe. The recombinant DNA of this positive clone was named pS113. Digestion of pS113 by restriction endonucleases showed that the size of the inserted DNA was about 4.6 Kb and the restriction map was nearly like that of Jacobs`. To express the gene in Bacillus, Pstl digested pS113 was ligated into the Pstl site of pMK4. The ligation mixture was used to transform B. licheniformis and the transformants were assayed on casein plate for protease secretion. We obtained a clony having a distinctively large halo.

제어계 구조

이헌,송광석,엄태원,Lee, Heon,Song, Gwang-Seok,Eom, Tae-Won 한국전자통신연구원 1986 전자통신 Vol.8 No.2

본고는 TDX-1 제어계 구조에 관한 것으로서 digital switching에 적합한 제어구조의 design object와 이러한 design object를 중심으로한 TDX-1 제어계 구조의 특징 및 제어계를 구성하는 각 프로세서(TP, BP, DP)의 기능과 구조, 분산된 각 프로세서간 통신방식 등에 관하여 기술하였다.