산소공여입자에 의한 석탄의 연소특성

이충원 대전대학교 대학원 2014 국내석사

Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) is a novel power generation technology and has many advantages such as no thermal NOx emissions and inherent CO2 separation without additional energy penalty. It is considered as good application of solid fuels such as coal, char, cokes and biomass to chemical looping combustion due to the low price. However, previous results are restrictive and more comprehensive investigation is prerequisite for development of solid fuel chemical looping combustion technology. This study is basic research to select appropriate oxygen carrier and coal by direct combustion tests of oxygen carriers and coals. Devolatilization characteristics of four coals were measured in a thermogravimetric analyzer. The weight loss percent and the maximum devolatilization rate were proportional to the contents of (water vapor + volatile) and decreased in order of Roto, Kideco, Hyper, and Sunhwa coal. Air combustion characteristics of four coals were measured in the thermogravimetric analyzer. The weight loss percent was proportional to the contents of (water vapor + volatile + fixed carbon). The maximum combustion rate decreased in order of Roto, Hyper, Sunhwa and Kideco coal. The maximum combustion rate was faster 4.7~8.0 times than the maximum devolatilization rate. Direct combustion characteristics of four coals mixed with two different oxygen carriers were measured in the thermogravimetric analyzer. The direct combustion efficiency decreased in order of Roto, Kideco, Sunhwa and Hyper coal for both oxygen carriers. Moreover, OCN703-1100 oxygen carrier showed better combustion efficiency than OCN706-1100 oxygen carrier for four coals. The reduction characteristics of two oxygen carriers for CH4, CO and H2 gases were measured in the thermogravimetric analyzer to investigate why OCN703-1100 oxygen carrier showed better combustion efficiency than OCN706-1100 for all coals. The OCN703-1100 oxygen carrier represented higher reduction rate than OCN706-1100 for all reducing gases. Moreover, the total pore area and the porosity of OCN703-1100 were higher than those of OCN706-1100 oxygen carrier. The total volatile gas and volatile component of four coals were measured in the batch type fluidized bed reactor to investigate why the direct combustion efficiency decreased in order of Roto, Kideco, Sunhwa and Hyper coal for both oxygen carriers. The direct combustion efficiency was proportional to the total amount of (CH4+CO+H2) produced during devolatilization of coals.

近代化過程에 있어서의 企業家精神에 關한 硏究 : 特히 막스·웨버(Max Weber)의 企業家精神을 中心으로

이충원 檀國大學校 大學院 1971 국내석사

CHAPTER I PROLOGUE THIS ESSAY is to study the spirit of entrepreneur in the Process of Modernization, expecially attempting to the retically analyse Max Weber's the spirit of capitalism = the Spirit of Entrepreneur. As the fact indicates today that how important it is for an Entrepreneur's spiritual attitude toward the modernization of underdeveloped countries, it is considerable that studies of the Spirit of Entrepreneur is a such important issue for us. Historically, as we see, the Process of Modernization was affected by organical balance of power-external conditions such as technical development, exploit market, accumilation of capital in terms of money, sufficient labor force, and internal conditions- the Spirit of Entrepreneur (individual who carry out innovations), the goal of this essay is to study the spirit of entrepreneur, involving its role and influence in the Process of Modernization. And to pinpoint corelationship between the Process of Modernization and the Spirit of Entrepreneur by adding comments of Max Weber's proof. In order to accomplish above goals, the summary of this essay is as follow: CHAPTER II THE PROTESTANT ETHIC AND THE SPIRIT OF ENTREPRENEUR (Die protestantische Ethik und der Geist des Unternehmer). The epoch of ethical conception of Protestantism was in the Martin Luther's time, expecially based on Jean Calvin's proof the ascetic and religious living attitude. The ascetic of protestant ethics derived from Protestantism had accelerated the economic development which was one of the organizational factor of modern capitalism and modern civilization and rational livin attitude based on the conception of Calling (Beruf). Two different viewpoints on the entrepreneural ethics by Max Weber and Adam Smith; Max Weber emphasized the spirit of asceticism such as Industry, Frugality and Prudence, etc and Adam Smith believe in only the pursuit of profit is the purpose of entrepreneural activity. The aspect of the spirit of entrepreneur varied upon historical change. In traditionalism, pre-modernic social order and status order strongly affected to maintain economic ethics, however, in surmounting the traditionalism of the past, tradition in middle age, ethical and religious hinderances were removed and freely proceeded for pursuit of profit. The peculiarity of modrn capitalisitc profit acquisition is that it is doneleagally. And according to Max Weber, the peculiarity of modern capitalism is the leagality and the bourgeois capitalism. And so we can see that the spirit of entrepreneur is found on particular religion called Puritanism as far as Max Weber' ethos concerns. CHAPTER III MODERNIZATION AND MAX WEBER'S THE SPIRIT OF ENTREPRENEUR. For the motive forces of economic and social modernization, capital, labor force, industrial fuel and natural resources (coal and steel mine) should be available, and also machinery inventions, technological development and the external conditions must be available along with the spirit of an entrepreneur which are mutually concerned, harmonized and accelerated the modernization. Therefore, the spiritual attitude of the entrepreneur had tremendously affected in the modernization. For instance, particularly, the modernization (the First Industrial Revolution) of England coupled with external conditions and internal conditions of which the spirit of entrepreneur amazingly acted as booster resulted in standing ahead of Germany, France and other Western countries. CHAPTER IV MANAGEMENT PHILOSOPHY AND THE SPIRIT OF ENTREPRENEUR. In the Business History, problems relation to management philosophy of entrepreneur, innovation and entrepreneur are still remaining unanswered clearly all over the world, furthermore, social relation of entrepreneural management in the capitalistic society and or responsibility of society are vitally subject to discuss and that it is very worthy to theoretically analyse the management philosophy of manager innovation and entrepreneur. The right and authority were given by society for free business operation to a business manager as for the society approve that the business activities contribute social benefit. Nevertheless, the business operation right is responsible for operation within the ethic and moral standards of which society it belongs and a greater responsivility is given to leading businessmen to obey social rules established in the society they belong to. This thought explains the meaning of social responsibility of business as Peter F. Drucker explained. Also Professor J.A. Schumpeter explained in his Business Cycles, volume l, p.102 that the entrepreneur himself is an economic subject in carrying out innovation. Specifically, the entrepreneur is Creative Entrepreneur (scho¨pferischer Unternehmer). CHAPTER V CONCLUSION The study of the Spirit of Entrepreneur in the Process of Modernization disclosed the following conclusion: 1. The motivations of the first industrial revolution of the England were not only the sufficient external conditions such as capital and natural resources (coal and steel mine, etc.) but also the internal conditions - the spirit of capitalism, the spirit of entrepreneur were an essential existence in the industrial revolution. 2. The Spirit of Entrepreneur has been continuously varied upon historical changes. Max Weber who claimed that the purpose of the Creed of spirit of entrepreneur is the ascetic ethics from strict Puritan religious life while criticized by Brentano, Tawnety, and Sombar who claimed on acquisitionm pursuit of profit (auri sacrafames). The essay of Peter F. Brucker indicates that the spirit of entrepreneur is not the " auri sacra fames" as Brentanom Tawney and Sombart claims nor Max Weber's ethics but he explains that social responsibility of business is to coincide with social common-wealth. I, indeed, agree with Peter F.Drucker viewpoints-as business of today should not be bound up with simple private sphere but it should be understood as a certain social organization. 3. The spirit of the entrepreneur of Max Weber, expecially emphasized Ethos concept, was a spiritual origin of the religious thoughts of Jean Calvin or Marin Luther of the Reformation. 4. I conclude that the true entrepreneur is the one with the ascetic ethics; Industry, Frugality and Prudence, etc. as Max Weber's theory and one who carries out innovation function as J.A. Schumpeter claimed.

시뮬레이션 기반 엔지니어링 사업자 선정방식 개선에 관한 연구

이충원 홍익대학교 일반대학원 2017 국내석사

국내 엔지니어링 산업 시장의 위축으로 국내업체의 해외진출이 모색되고 있으며, 그에 따른 엔지니어링 업체의 기술 경쟁력 유도와 트렉레코드 확보가 매우 중요하게 인식되고 있다. 그러나 현행 엔지니어링 사업자 선정 방식은 가격 위주의 사업자 선정 방식이 이루어지고 있으며, 기술변별력 유지 및 사업자 참여기회 부분에서 균형을 이루지 못하는 평가기준으로 인하여 국내 엔지니어링업체의 경쟁력을 저해시키는 요소로 작용하고 있다. 현행 엔지니어링 사업자 선정 방식에는 ‘적격심사방식’과 ‘협상에 의한 계약방식’으로 구분해 볼 수 있으며 대부분의 엔지니어링 관련 사업에서 ‘적격심사방식’을 준용하고 있다. ‘적격심사방식’의 평가방식에는 ‘사업수행능력평가’와 ‘가격점수’를 합산하여 적격여부를 판단하고 이 중 ‘사업수행능력평가’의 기준은 「건설기술용역업자 사업수행능력 세부평가기준」(국토교통부 고시 제2015-1097호)와 「엔지니어링 사업자 선정에 관한 기준」(산업통상자원부 고시 제2011-182호) 등을 준용하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 국내 엔지니어링 사업자 선정에 관한 법령과 국외 엔지니어링 사업자 선정 방식을 분석하고 비교하여 시사점을 도출하였고 기존 관련 연구를 통해 현행 사업자 선정 방식 개선방향의 동향을 파악하였고 낙찰제도에 관한 정략적 분석 방법등을 고찰하였다. 또한 정량적인 시뮬레이션을 구현하기 위해 현행 적격심사 방식을 수식화 하였으며 이를 바탕으로 spread sheet기반의 적격심사 모델을 개발하였다. 현행 엔산법 고시(「엔지니어링 사업자 선정에 관한 기준」(산업통상자원부 고시 제2011-182호))을 기준으로 적격심사 모델 시뮬레이션을 수행하였으며 이를 통해 현행 적격심사 평가방식인 ‘절대평가방식’과 ‘상대평가방식’의 장단점을 분석하고 적격심사 시 낙찰에 미치는 영향요인을 도출하고자 하였다. 또한, 적격심사 시뮬레이션 분석결과를 토대로 현행 엔지니어링 사업자 선정 기준의 문제점을 제시하고 이를 해결하기 위한 개선방향을 제언한다. As national engineering industry recedes, domestic engineering companies seeks for global expansion. Consequently, the importance of inducement of technological competence and track record has been greatly emphasized. However, current engineering company procurement method is highly focused on cost efficiency. Moreover, its unbalanced criteria destruct fair competition in the marketplace that it often leads to failure of correct evaluation of technologies and decrease of opportunities for small and medium-sized enterprises. Thesedays, there are two different modes in the current engineering company selection method : negotiation and qualification system in Korea. Qualification system, the most common method used in the engineering industry, determines competence by aggregating scores of “Prequalification” and cost efficiency. Guidelines for the standards are indicated in 『Specific Evaluation Standard for Construction Engineering Service Prequalification』 (MOLIT(Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport) notification No. 2015–1097) and 『Standard for Selection of Engineering company』(Ministry of Trade Industry and Energy) notification No. 2011-182). This study compared engineering company selection methods of domestic and international industries, examined improvement direction for national selection methods based on the preceding researches, and designed quantitative examination mechanism for the method. Moreover, the current selection method was mathematized to develop the quantitative bidding simulation based on the spread sheet. The selection method simulation model was performed according to the 『Standard for Selection of Engineering company』(Ministry of Trade Industry and Energy) notification No. 2011-182). Pros and cons for the current bidding systems, absolute evaluation and relative evaluation, were analyzed, as well as the influence of these characteristics in the bidding. Furthermore, problems and improvement direction of the current engineering company selection method are proposed based on the results of the qualification system simulation.

초등학교아동의 폭력성향과 가정환경의 상관성 연구

이충원 동국대학교 교육대학원 2000 국내석사

The purpose of this study is to examine relation Between violent disposition of elementary school children and home environment. And to examine the influence of korea home environment on violence disposition at elementary school. Today's home environment are different from the past. This study is structured as follows; The first chapter introduces purpose, scope and methods of study, and the second chapter deals with theoretical backgrounds, the concept of the elementary school violence disposition, the home environment, The third chapter deals with violence reality of the elementary school and home environment elements. The fourth chapter deals with a solutions of the home environments and school and social. The fifth chapter concludes the study. This study provides an overview of the concerns of one aspect of psychology's concern with the relation between violent disposition of elementary school children and home environment. It was found through this study that the elementary school students had more experience of being offenders of violence than female students. Physical violence have influenced on the students of the parents under 900-120 dollar/month. That is, the elementary students under the lower-income parents are more exposed to violence, and male students are more subject to violence than female ones. In addition, the students who have no been paid attention to their parents would be more exposed to violence. In order to prevent school violence, relevant authorities and community members combine their efforts to protect out elementary school students by creating a better environment for them. In particular much more attention should be paid to the students under low-income parents who are more exposed to violence in order to prevent them from being offenders of the violence.

체육교사의 교직문화 형성

이충원 서울대학교 대학원 2003 국내박사

Spatially-resolved Laser Activated Cell Sorting for Genomics and Transcriptomics in Biological Specimens

이충원 서울대학교 대학원 2020 국내박사

본 학위 논문에서는 이 논문에서는 SLACS (Spatially-resolved Laser Activated Cell Sorting) 기술이 도입되었으며 유전체학 및 전사체학에 대한 응용이 시연되었다. 모든 생물학적 덩어리는 생물학적 세포로 구성되며, 각각의 세포는 DNA 또는 RNA와 같은 유전자 분자로부터 얻은 수십억 바이트의 데이터를 포함한다. 휴먼 게놈 프로젝트가 10 년 안에 한 사람의 게놈을 시퀀싱 한 후, 차세대 시퀀싱 (NGS)과 관련되는 대규모 병렬 시퀀싱 기술은 생물학의 혁신을 불러 일으켜 생물학에 대한 통찰력을 제공하고 진단 및 치료에서 혁명을 일으켰다. 그러나 이 기술들은 이종 유전자 분자의 풀에만 적용 할 수 있으며, 생물 표본 내의 다른 세포에서 유전자 지형의 철저한 탐색을 방해하였다. 따라서, 세포 풀에서 각각의 모든 세포를 따로 분리하려는 노력은 수많은 단일 세포 분리 방법론을 생성하였으며, 이는 미세유체학, 마이크로 어레이 및 광학을 사용하여 세포를 분리하는 것의 세 가지로 분류 될 수 있다. 일반적으로 수 마이크로미터에서 수십 마이크로미터에 이르는 생물학적 세포 크기 때문에 단일 기술의 진보는 단일 세포 조작에 이점을 제공 하였다. 미세 유체 특성을 이용하는 최첨단 세포 분리 기술이 빠르게 상용화되어 한 번에 수백에서 수천 개의 단일 세포를 처리 할 수 있는 고 처리량 단일 세포 분석이 가능해졌습니다. 이들은 미세 분자 챔버 또는 피코 리터 액적에서 세포 해리 및 구획화를 이용하며, 여기서 생체 분자 기술은 원하는 유전자 분자를 증폭시킬 수 있다. 단일 세포의 게놈 또는 전 사체와 같은 증폭 된 생성물은 NGS를 통해 시퀀싱되어, 해리 된 세포가 생체 시편에서 어떻게 기능하는지에 대한 통찰력을 제공한다. 그러나, 원래 서로 부착 된 세포의 해리 과정은 가혹할 수 있으며, 서로 상호 작용하는 표면 단백질이 분해 될 것을 요구한다. 이 공정은 전지 상태가 용매 내에서 해리되기 전에 동일한 지에 대해 많은 의문을 제기했다. 따라서, 폴리아데노신 꼬리 또는 폴리 (A) 꼬리를 포획 할 수 있는 화학적으로 합성 된 올리고 뉴클레오티드의 마이크로 어레이는 생물학적 표본으로부터 메신저 RNA (mRNA)를 직접 포획하기 위해 개발되었다. 그러나, 이들 기술은 화학적 DNA 합성 기술의 기술적 한계 및 스폿 간의 교차 오염으로 인해 올리고 뉴클레오티드 스폿의 큰 해상도를 요구한다. 생체 시료로부터 세포의 광학적 분리는 관심 대상 영역을 원하는 수신기로 전달하기 위해 레이저를 이용하는 종래의 레이저 캡처 미세 해부 (LCM) 장치로 광범위하게 조사되었다. 그러나, 이들은 자외선 (UV) 레이저를 사용하여 생체 내 분자에 크게 손상을 줄 수있는 원하는 영역을 만들거나 근적외선 (IR) 레이저를 사용하여 녹일 수 있고 추가 생물학적 물질을 위해 원하는 관심 영역을 전달할 수있는 열가소성 수지를 사용한다. 분석. 그러나 열가소성 방식은 종종 교차 오염을 유발하고 시편을 접촉 방식으로 분리해야하기 때문에 처리량이 낮다. 이 논문에서는 광학 셀 분류기 또는 낮은 손상과 높은 처리량으로 셀을 광학적으로 분리 할 수 있는 펄스 형 근적외선 레이저를 사용하는 SLACS (공간적으로 해결 된 레이저 활성화 셀 분류기)의 개발에 대해 설명하였다. 이 새로운 장치의 엔지니어링 프로세스와 NGS 기술의 두 소프트웨어 및 응용 프로그램에 대해 설명하였다. 또한, 게놈 및 전 사체에 대한 SLACS의 적용이 입증되었다. SLACS의 향후 응용에 대한 개념 증명 연구도 설명하였다. In this dissertation, Spatially-resolved Laser Activated Cell Sorting (SLACS) technique is introduced, and its applications in genomics and transcriptomics are demonstrated. All biological mass is comprised of biological cells, each of which contain its own multi-billion bytes worth of data from genetic molecules, such as DNA or RNA. After the Human Genome Project sequenced one person’s genome in ten years, the massively parallel sequencing technologies that are referred to the next generation sequencing (NGS) sprouted innovations in biology, providing further insights into biology and generating revolutions in diagnostics and therapeutics. However, these technologies were only applicable to pools of heterogeneous genetic molecules, hindering thorough explorations of genetic landscapes in the different cells within a biospecimen. Therefore, efforts to separate each and every cell from the pool of cells have generated numerous single cell isolation methodologies, which can be categorized into three: those that separate cell using microfluidics, microarrays, and optics. Advancement in micro-technologies particularly provided advantages in manipulating single cells because biological cell sizes that usually range from microns to tens of microns. State-of-art cell separation technologies that utilize microfluidic properties were rapidly commercialized, enabling high throughput single cell analysis that can process hundreds to thousands of single cells at a time. These utilize cell dissociation and compartmentalization in a microfluidic chambers or a pico-liter droplets, in which biomolecular techniques can amplify the desired genetic molecules. The amplified products such as the genomes or the transcriptomes of the single cells are sequenced through NGS, providing insights into how the dissociated cells were functioning in the biospecimen. However, the dissociation process of the cells that are originally adhered to each other can be harsh and requires the surface proteins that interact with another to be degraded. This process has raised many doubts on whether the cell state is the same before it is dissociated within a solvent. Therefore, microarrays of chemically synthesized oligonucleotides that can capture the poly adenosine tail, or poly (A) tail, were developed to capture the messenger RNAs (mRNAs) directly from the biological specimens. These technologies, however, require large resolution of the oligonucleotide spots because of the technical limitations in chemical DNA synthesis technologies and cross-contaminations between the spots. Optical separation of the cells from biospecimen has been extensively investigated with conventional laser capture microdissection (LCM) devices that utilize laser to transfer target area of interest to the desired receiver. However, these utilize either ultraviolet (UV) lasers to catapult the desired areas that can be highly damaging to the biomolecules within, or thermoplastics that can be melt down using near-infrared (IR) lasers and transfer the desired region of interest for further biological assays. However the thermoplastic approach often cause cross-contamination and has low throughput because the specimen has to be isolated in a contact manner. In this dissertation, the development of an optical cell sorter, or spatially-resolved laser activated cell sorter (SLACS) that uses pulsed near-IR laser that can optomechanically isolate the cells with low damage and high throughput is described. The engineering process of this novel device and two softwares and their applications in NGS technologies are described. Furthermore, the applications of SLACS for genomics and transcriptomics are demonstrated. Proof-of-concept studies for future applications of SLACS are also described.

사례를 통한 설계기반 소지역추정법의 비교

이충원 경기대학교 대학원 2002 국내석사

설계기반 소지역 추정법에는 직접추정량, 합성추정량, 복합추정량이 있다. 이 중 직접추정량은 적은 표본으로 추정을 하기 때문에 분산이 크고, 합성추정량은 동질성을 가정하기 때문에 편의가 커질 수 있다. 복합추정량은 앞의 두 추정량의 가중평균이다. 이러한 추정량들을 충청북도 지역의 2000년 12월 경제활동인구조사자료를 바탕으로 구해, 서로 비교해 보겠다. Small area estimators based on implicit models include direct estimators, synthetic estimators and composite estimators. Direct estimators show large variance because they have small size of sample and hence have large variation. Synthetic estimators have large bias if their assumptions are violated because they assume homogeneity. Composite estimators are weighted means of direct and synthetic estimators. These estimators were discussed as a possible alternative to estimate 10 small area of the Choong-Buk. Specially, Economically Active Population Survey data (Dec. 2000) were applied in this study.

만성 B형 간염 어머니와 그 자녀에서 Hepatitis B virus promoter 부위의 변이에 관한 연구

이충원 고려대학교 대학원 2001 국내박사

Hepatitis B viral infection which affect about 10% of Korean population manifests asymptomatic carrier, chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis and even associates with hepatocellular carcinoma. Clinical manifestations induced by hepatitis B virus vary depending on the degree of immune response by cytotoxic T cells against viral epitope-presenting liver cells. Since hepatitis B virus presents high rate of mutaton that might change the presented epitope and eventually alter immune response, viral mutations, especially in promoters and enhancers, have an important implication in hepatic inflammation and viral replication. To identify mutations related to the hepatic inflammation, we investigated sequence variations of hepatitis B viral promotor regions in the presence or absence of symptoms in hepatitis B carriers. For this, sera from persistently hepatitis B virus-infected mother-child pairs were collected. After PCR amplifiation of all hepatitis B viral promoters (C promoter, S1 promoter, S2/S promoter, X promoter) using serum DNA from each pair, viral promotors were sequenced by automatic sequencer and then sequence data were analyzed by ClustalW. In most cases, the dominant type of maternal virus was transmitted to the child. However, in some children, some new host specific viral variants could be observed in Cp, S1p and S2/Sp. The prevalance of new variants does not appear to be related to ages but related to GOT/GPT level. Regardless of any visible signs of pathological symptoms, more than half of the children contained the typical 1762/1764 double point mutations as well as deletion mutations found in enhancer Ⅱ containing C promoter in chronic hepatitis patients. However, the mutations in C promoter did not seem to be vertically transmitted but arose in new host independently after the wild type had been transmitted. Enhancer I containing X promoter revealed high host specific variations as has been reported before. However, despite a few point mutations, the dominant types in children were almost exactly same as those in mothers unlike S and C promoters which had the accumulated high children-specific mutations. T wo S promoters, Sp, S1p, has shown some point mutations in children, but no deletion mutations were detected as in chronic hepatitis patients in whom deletion mutations are frequently found. In conclusion, the children with the vertically transmitted hepatitis B virus mostly retain the dominant type virus that had been transmitted but host specific variants tended to accumulate over time and possibly as clinical symptoms develope.

중세 수도전통에 있어서 Lectio Divina에 대한 연구 : 「수도승의 다리」와 「신학수업입문서」비교를 중심으로

이충원 협성대학교 일반대학원 2013 국내석사

ABSTRACT March 2, 2011 Steve Jobs who was Apple's former CEO talked about the identity of the Apple to iPad 2 released , Steve Jobs showed a picture. There was two crossed intersections, ‘Liberal Arts’ and ‘Technology’ and he said "It’s in Apple’s DNA that technology is not enough, that it’s technology married with liberal arts, married with humanities, that yields us the result that makes our heart sing" Namely Apple's identity is that as Humanities which learn none other than from accumulated liberal arts in tradition and to pursue the new thinking and innovation, it is the deeper introspection on humans which concerned about users first through technology marred with deeper insight on humans, understanding and liberal arts so that they could use it a bit easier to use on humans. We know that through two people "New thinking", "Innovation" is that it must have a meeting with Liberal Arts which is accumulated tradition and filled with a deep insight and understanding for the Humanities, conversations. Our society emphasizes the specification and TOEIC, TOEFL, and to concentrate the practice-based education to increase the employment rate. So universities has to have each of the academic personality but they have an unlimited competition under the university evaluation rarher than intelligence and building an upright character to be pursued in the university campuses. Such a flow ignore the good things of the past, weaken the foundation of the academic and break with tradition with new thinking, creative thinking and innovative thinking is extremely limited that it can be. Not just be confined to the humanities such an atmosphere of Christian spirituality seems to be also true. So we have a lot of interest about the old masters of spirituality, such as Teresa of Avila, of St. John of the Cross, Meister Eckhart, St. Francis and Clervaux of Bernard Such interest to modern Christians to discover the richness of the Christian tradition of spirituality. However, in such an atmosphere reality our generation today it does not about Richard Foster says, "The people of today know nothing about all the classic spiritual disciplines of the simplest and most practical aspects are not.". Does not mean that we know how to know the actual training. Done a lot in our modern Christians to their spiritual training, have a break with the past. So what we need is the richness of the traditional "recovery" is needed. So there is a need to continue our new era of spiritual traditions through a serious approach in the past for hidden precious. So in this paper to recover from the perspective of the richness of the tradition of Christian spirituality of the Bible, which is one of the training Spiritual Training focuses on Lectio Divina. Lectio Divina which is spiritual disciplines through the Bible has been lot of research from a Protestant rather than Catholic, but Catholics also has been rediscovered Lection Divina through the Second Vatican Council. And the Protestant played Lectio Divina but it was recognized as one of good spiritual disciplines within the church without interest in the historical roots of this training. So we need to rediscover Lectio Divina the discipline of the Christian spirituality as the time-honored tradition and throw new hope and reflection to now the time to live for us so that we may bring the hidden dynamic life in the Bible and change of the character in this era. For such a reason, in this paper we want to discover the similarities and differences between 『The Ladder of Monks』of Guigo Ⅱ that is suggested as a method for personal spiritual disciplines and『Didascalicon』of Hugh of Saint Victor that is suggested as a method for studying theology by comparing the two figures.

減壓沸騰による液體の微粒化に關する 硏究

이충원 東北大學 1982 해외박사

가압하여 가열한 액체를 액체온도의 포화압력 이하로 급감압하면, 과열상태로 되어 있던 액체는 액체중의 기포가 급성장하여 순간적으로 분열한다. 이와같은 현상을 flas hing현상이라 하며, boiler의 배관의 파손시에 볼 수 있다. 공간에 분출된 이상분류가 분열하는 현상은 액체미립화의 한 방법으로 주목되어, 몇몇 연구자들에 의하여 기포의 성장과정, 분사조건등의 기본적 분열기구에 대한 연구가 이루어지고 있으나, 미립화 법으로써 이용하기 위하여서는 노즐형상, 치수, 재질 등에, 분사압력, 액체온도등을 광범위하게 변화시킨 경우의 기포생성, 성장과정, 분열기구의 특징을 명확히 할 필요 가 있으며, 이것을 기본으로, 요구되는 미립화특성을 주는 분사 노즐을 설계하는 것이 좋다. 따라서, 본연구에서는 가장 단순한 단공노즐을 제작하여, 단공노즐의 크기, 형 상, 재질 및 분사조건에 따른 분무특성 즉, 평균입경, 입도분포, 분무각, 분무분산 등 을 조사하여 감압비등에 의한 미립화기구부터 미립화특성까지를 광범위한 실험을 통하 여 명확히함을 목적으로 하였다. 이 실험결과를 나열하면 다음과 같다. 1. 액체의 분 열현상은 액체내부, 노즐내벽 및 분류표면으로부터의 기포의 생성, 성장 및 분열의 조 합으로 이루어지며,노즐의 크기, 분사조건에 따라 분류된다. 2. 분류내부에서 생성된 기포는 처음에는 구상으로 성장하지만, 액주경을 초과하면, 변경방향의 성정속도가 증 가하여 분열한다. 3. 노즐길이가 짧은 경우에는 과열도가 클 경우에 미립화되며, 노즐 출구에서 액주부와 분열부로 나누어져 분열되며, 긴 경우에는 노즐내부에서 생성된 기 포가 노즐을 떠나자마자 분열된다. 4. 동일한 분사압력에서는 액체온도가 클수록, 동 일온도에서는 분사압력이 낮을수록 활발히 분열되며, 평균입경도 작아진다. 5. 분사온 도 및 분사압력이 같은 경우 노즐길이가 긴쪽이 평균입경이 작아지며, 과열도가 클수 록 입도분포는 균일성이 높아진다.