동리(東里) 이은상(李殷相) 한시(漢詩) 연구(硏究) -이정귀 가계문학의 특성과 차이를 중심으로-

이명희 ( Lee Myoung-hee ) 근역한문학회 2020 한문학논집(漢文學論集) Vol.55 No.-

본고는 당대 문단의 중심에 있었던 月沙 李廷龜(1564~1635) 가계의 일원인 東里 李殷相(1617~1678)의 詩文學을 고구하였다. 그의 시에 드러나는 중요한 특성들은 그만의 것이 아니라 이정귀 가계의 문학이 공유하는 것들이다. 본고는 이 점에 유의하면서 가계문학의 특성과 그만이 지녔던 차별성을 살펴보았다. 이정귀 가계는 산수 자연에 대한 갈망과 탐닉이 남달랐다. 이은상은 선대의 경험을 공유하고자 금강산 유람을 시도하였으며, 이정귀가 그랬던 것처럼 악공을 대동하여 산에 올랐다. 장문의 시 제목을 통하여 운문과 산문을 복합적으로 활용하는 가계의 전통을 계승하였다. 또한, 윗세대와 달리 다양한 詞牌를 활용하는 詞를 창작해 문학적 역량을 과시하였다. 그의 이러한 행보는 그만의 특성이 아니라 가계문학의 계승이라는 측면에서 바라볼 때 온전한 이해가 가능하다. 이정귀 가계문학은 ‘學唐’의 범주 안에 있었으며, 구성원의 시풍도 유사한 성격을 지니고 있다. 평어에 개별적 차이가 있지만, 이정귀의 ‘豪放’ ‘飄逸’에서 크게 벗어나지 않았다. 이은상의 경우 ‘豪健’이라는 평을 받았는데, 이정귀의 ‘豪放’보다 좀 더 정제된 면모에서 나온 평가이다. 16세기에서 17세기로 넘어가는 시기의 시단은 ‘學唐’의 테두리에서 벗어나지 않으면서 시적 수준을 높이려는 노력을 기울였다. 이은상의 시문학에서 ‘漢魏盛唐’을 주창한 鄭斗卿이나 金得臣처럼 적극적인 변화의 모습을 찾기는 어렵다. 그러나 가계문학의 전승속에서 이은상이 詞를 창작하고 시 구성의 치밀성 등 다양한 변화를 추구하려는 모습은 발견되었다. 김창협은 이은상의 시문학에 대하여 “율시에 뛰어나서 입을 열면 문장이 되었다”며 천부적인 재능에서 나온 口占과 口號를 높이 평가하였다. 이것은 즉흥적 감성을 담보로 한 문학의 진정성이 기반이 된 것으로 즉 백악시단의 ‘眞詩 追求’ 정신과 맞닿아 있다고 할 수 있다. 본고는 가계문학이라는 범주의 부여가 가능한지 확인하기 위해 詩語를 통하여 자카드 분석을 시도한 결과, 그 유사성을 확인하였다. 이는 이정귀에서 이은상이 활동하던 시기까지 이정귀의 가계문학에 큰 변화가 일지 않았다는 증거이다. 題材의 측면에서 논한다면 이은상의 시문학은 당대의 시인들과 다른 어떤 특수성을 갖고 있다고 말하기는 어렵다. 하지만 당대 문단의 중심인물로 활약한 이정귀 가계문학의 성향을 확인한다는 점에서 의미가 있다. 그리고 그가 물색의 탐닉에 몰두하여 ‘物色分留’라는 시어를 애호한 점은 현장체험을 중시하였던 가계의 전통을 계승하고 윗세대에서 표현하지 못한 새로운 시의 창작을 추구하였다는 실례이다. 처참했던 壬丙兩亂의 고통 속에서 헤어지는 한을 시에 담았던 윗세대와 달리 이별의 순간을 ‘浮生聚散’의 관점으로 詩想을 써내려간 이은상에게서 세상을 대하는 세대 간의 차이를 발견할 수 있다. 내재된 감성의 표현으로 達觀의 境地를 보여주는 시가 많은 것도 그의 차별적인 지점이다. 아울러 이은상의 시문학은 김상헌 가계와의 문학적 교류와 상호 영향을 고려해 볼 때, 18세기 문학의 새로운 면모를 만들고자 활약한 백악시단의 탄생에 일조했으리라 가늠할 수 있다. This paper studied the poetic literature of Dong-ri(東里) Lee Eun-sang(李殷相). He is a member of the Li Jung-gul family. The Li Jung-gu family shares literary characteristics. their literature transmits literary tradition faithfully and it should be focused that they have similar tendency. Lee Jung-gui’s family had a longing and indulgence for arithmetic. Lee attempted to tour Mt. Kumgangsan to share the experiences of his ancestors. The family tradition was inherited through the title of the long sentence, which is a combination of verse and prose. Unlike the older generation, he also created Sa(詞) that utilize various Sa(詞) to show off their literary capabilities. His behavior is fully understood in terms of inheritance of family literature. Lee Jung-Gui’s family literature has a similar style. Although there are individual differences in flatfish, they do not deviate significantly from Lee Jung-Gui’s ‘Ho bang(豪放)’ and ‘飄逸(Pyoil)’. Lee Eun Sang received the reputation of ‘豪健(Ho geon)’, which comes from a more refined aspect than Lee’s free style. In the transition from the 16th to the 17th centuries, poetical circles endeavored to raise the poetic level without leaving the borders of ‘Hakdang(學唐)’. In the poetry of Lee Eun-sang, it is difficult to find positive changes such as Jeong, Du-gyeong(鄭斗卿) and Kim, Deuk-sin(金得臣) which advocated ‘Han-Wi-Seongdang(漢魏盛唐)’. However, even in the tradition of family literature, the movement of change to raise the level through the creation of a book and pursuing the preciseness of the composition of poetry is sensed. Kim Chang-hyup said that Lee Sang-sang’s poetry is “excellent and bizarre unless he intentions.” The authenticity of improvised sentiment was highly valued because it touched spirit of the Baekaksidan(白岳詩壇). Compared with other members of Lee Jung-gui’s family through the poetic diction, it is clear that they are in an influence relationship, but his distinctiveness can be seen in the words of his own particular favorite, ‘scenery(物色)’ and ‘transient life(浮生)’. According to the jacquard analysis, Lee Eun-sang and Lee Myung-han are the most similar. However, there is little variation except Lee Seok-hyung, which has a big difference in time. It is clear that there is a similarity in the use of Shea. This proves that the changes in Family literature were not significant until at least Lee’s time. Lee’s poetry is hardly considered to have any specificity different from the poets of his time. However, there is a clear significance in that it shows the propensity of the Lee Jung-gui family that was at the center of the passage. And his devotion to the indulgence of nature and his love of the ‘mulsaegbunlyu(物色分留)’ is an example of his pursuit of a new poetic attempt that the older generation did not express. Unlike the poems of the older generations, who suffered through the experience of Im Byung-ran, being optimistic even in the moment of parting from the perspective of ‘busaengchwisan(浮生聚散)’ reveals a difference in the gaze for the world. Many poems that show the stage of ‘dalgwan(達觀)’ are also different points from those of family literature. Lee’s poetry is intact in the category of Lee Jung-gui’s family literature. His traits are mostly influenced by family literature. However, it also reveals the attempts of differentiation, such as the creation of her own poem and poem. Lee Jung-gui’s family literature favored improvisation and sincerity rather than hanging on the table. I valued the inspiration that comes directly from the landscape. This is in line with the spirit of ‘jinsichugu(眞詩追求)’ as mentioned earlier. The Lee Jung-Gwi family grew their literary capacity through continuous exchanges with the Kim Sang-Hun family. Lee Eun-sang’s position in the two-family exchange suggests that it played a role as a medium for the birth of the Baekaksidan, which contributed to creating a new face in the 18th century.

저 합금강재(2.25Cr-1.0Mo) 반복 보수용접 열영향부의 특성

이철구,안종석,이남혁,이길재,Lee, Chul-Ku,Ahn, Jong-Seok,Lee, Nam-Hyuck,Lee, Gil-Jae 대한용접접합학회 2008 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.26 No.1

A low alloy-steel(2.25Cr-1.0Mo) has been widely used for boiler piping, header and tubes in high temperature and pressure conditions of the thermal power plant. It is common knowledge that the repair welding is permitted two or three times by customary practice rule, but there is no regulation to limit the number of repair welding base on the study heat-affected zone(HAZ), which is the weakest zone when repair welding is under taken, by experiments about the metallographic degradation and mechanical properties. Therefore, this study aims to verify the reliability of 5 times repair welding through conducting the experimental observation in the mechanical and the metallographic change on HAZ varying repair welding times. In results of the experiments, it is concluded that the reliability was kept in HAZ even up to the fifth repairs.

Nd:YAG 레이저를 이용한 냉연강판과 스테인레스강판의 용접

이철구,이우람,백운학,Lee, Chul-Ku,Lee, Woo-Ram,Baek, Un-Hak 한국생산제조학회 2010 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.26 No.2

We have studied on welding dissimilar materials of cold-reduced carbon steel sheet and stainless steel sheet together by using laser beam. It is well known that stainless steel is so strong againt rust and heat, while cold-reduced carbon steel is widely used in various parts of industry. In this research we have performed some experiments to know the possibility of welding dissimilar materials using laser beam by adjusting the power output of 3kW laser. Other conditions of the experiments were as follows : the welding speed was varied in the range between 2m/min and 7m/min, argon gas and helium gas were used as shield gas, the flow value of shield gas was ranged between $10{\ell}/min$ and $30{\ell}/min$, and the gap of two materials was ranged between 0mm and 0.3mm. In order to ascertain of the welded surface, we have done the tensile strength testing, the hardness testing and the microscope observation. As a result, we have found that tensile strength was the highest at the condition of the welding speed of 4, the flow value of $20{\ell}/min$, the gap of two materials 0, and the use of helium gas. Above testings have also showed that the tensile strength was generally satisfactory since the penetration of welding was almost complete due to the thinness of the materials. In addition, the formation of the welded area was excellent when it had the highest tensile strength.

건축설비 관련 현황과 교육면에서의 개선방향 고찰

이철구,Lee, Chul-Goo 한국교육녹색환경연구원 2013 교육·녹색환경연구 Vol.12 No.3

The education of building services field at university is not enough, although the field has become to be very important in architectural engineering. This lack of education is one of the reason that the level of domestic building services field is lower than that in developed countries. Present conditions of related laws, fields of work after graduation and education at university in building services field have been studied, and education conditions have been investigated divided into four-year architectural engineering course and five-year architecture course. Though building services field has become more important at university education, the number of credits and professor of the field is still small than other fields of architectural engineering. More practical curriculums are necessary to meet the expectation of companies, and it will be one of the method to meet it that criteria of curriculum constitution is according to ABEEK(Accreditation Board for Engineering Education of Korea) in more architectural engineering department.

AISI 316L 클래드강의 맞대기 용접부 입계부식과 예민화 거동에 관한 연구

이철구,박재원,Lee, Chul-Ku,Park, Jae-Won 대한용접접합학회 2013 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.31 No.2

We have investigated traits of clad metals in hot-rolled clad steel plates, sensitization and mechanical properties of STS 316 steel plate and carbon steel(A516). Clad steel plates were butt-weld by SAW+SMAW, and with the time of heat treatment as the variable, heat treatment was conducted at $625^{\circ}C$, for 80, 160, 320, 640, 1280 minutes. As a way to evaluate it, sectioned weldments and external surfaces were investigated to reveal the degree of sensitization by mechanical property, etching and those of EPR test, results were compared with it. In short, the purpose of this study is suggesting some considerations in developing on-site techniques to evaluate the sensitization of stainless steels.

하수처리수 이용 열원시스템의 경제성 평가

이철구,Lee, Chulgoo 한국지열에너지학회 2017 한국지열에너지학회논문집 Vol.13 No.3

It has become important for unutilized energy to be used for air conditioning of building. Economic evaluation on energy system by using treated sewage water as heat source, which is one of unutilized energy, was performed. The floor area of the subject building and the distance between heat source equipment and sewage treatment plant was assumed $30,000m^2$ and 200m. Absorption chiller-heater system was used for comparing to the energy efficient system, and payback period method was applied to carry out economic evaluation. Although the operating cost of this system is reduced compared to general heat source system, the ratio is not meaningful compared to the initial investment cost increase, and payback period was calculated to be about 36.1 years. However, when calculated based on the 2014 rate of electricity and city gas, it will be greatly reduced to 3.1 years. International commodity prices are constantly changing, and therefore national policy on the spread of unutilized energy should be maintained.

이종재료의 피복아크 용접에서 자기력에 따른 LIBS 해석

이철구,이우람,Lee, Chul Ku,Lee, Wooram 대한용접접합학회 2013 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.31 No.4

This paper reports mild steel(SPHC) and stainless steel(STS304) sheets commonly used for railroad cars or commercial vehicles such as in the automobile and shipbuilding industries. The sheets are used in these applications, which are mainly fabricated using the shielded metal arc welding(SMAW) of dissimilar materials. It also reports an interesting application of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy(LIBS) in order to determine the elemental composition diffusion of SPHC and STS304. Arc blow produced by magnetic force during the electric arc welding prevents the formation from a sound weldment. In particular, the mechanical properties of the joint are influenced by not only by geometrical and mechanical factors but also the welding conditions for the arc welded joint. Therefore, the mechanical properties and performance are evaluated by performing a physicochemical component analysis. And they increase in accordance with content of elements and microstructure in mild steel. As results, appropriate range for magnetic fields could be achieved. Therefore, the effect of magnetic force in a butt weld of mild steel plates was investigated by comparing to the measured data.

냉연 압연 강판의 레이저 용접 공정 시 발생하는 응력 평가

이철구,이우람,Lee, Chulku,Lee, Wooram 대한용접접합학회 2013 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.31 No.1

Residual stress caused in the weldments with high restraint force are often observed during welding in the weldments of Inner and outdoor materials or radial tanks. The reason is that quantitative analysis about thermal stresses during laser welding is lacking for this weldments. To verify Finite Elements Method (FEM) theory, the temperature was measured with thermocouple in a real time in this paper. Also analysis of the thermal stress for welding condition is performed by Comsol program package on various welding condition in SCP1-S butt welding. The principal stress in laser welding process is seen through the width direction. Also, it was confirmed that a change in base metal by thermal expansion made the stress in width direction stronger. Base metal close to the weld bead as the process progresses to the tensile stress in the compressive stress was varied. It was shown that the change of stress was quantitative from the bead at a certain distance.

초경톱과 숫돌톱의 성능에 관한 연구

이철구,이우람,김진영,Lee, Chul-Ku,Lee, Woo-Ram,Kim, Jing-Young 한국생산제조학회 2009 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.25 No.1

An experimental study was performed to select cutting parameters for better quality-products in hard metals such as steels. Usually, a hard metal can be cut with a rotary cutting knife and the process provides a good cutting quality result. However, the cutting machine is much sensitive in cutting conditions because of its complicated mechanism. By this reason, careful processing conditions must be taken to improve the quality of the products. This experimental study for better quality products with a rotary cutting knife was carried out with two main factors; cutting speeds and cutting and pooling forces. A two-dimensional profile measuring instrument is used to evaluate its cutting faces and the effects of processing factors are analyzed by a commercial software.

낙동강 수계 배출원별 유해물질 오염실태 조사

이인정 ( In Jung Lee ),이철구 ( Chul Gu Lee ),허성남 ( Seong Nam Heo ),이재관 ( Jae Gwan Lee ),김혜란 ( Hye Ran Kim ),양득석 ( Deuk Seok Yang ),김종하 ( Jong Ha Kim ),이용희 ( Yong Hee Lee ) 한국환경분석학회 2011 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.14 No.3

There are many industrial factories in the central Nakdong river basin and have been occurred water pollution accidents by hazardous chemicals such as phenol, 1,4-dioxane and perchlorate. The object of this study is to establish the database on the hazardous chemicals for the industrial wastewater and to prevent the pollutant accident of the Nakdong river. We categorized 20 hazardous chemicals potentially discharged into the Nakdong river. The concentrations of 20 compounds were measured in surface water samples, wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) influents/effluents and wastewater discharge facilities in the Nakdong River basin. One compound( 1,4-dioxane) was detected in surface waters and three(1,4-dioxane, perchlorate, vinyl acetate) were detected in WWTPs. Eleven compounds(beryllium, perchlorate, 1,3-butadiene, vinyl acetate, ethyl acrylate, styrene, hexachloroethane, 1,4-dioxane, diethyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, 4,4`-bisphenol A) were detected in wastewater discharge facilities. 1,4-Dioxane was most frequently observed in surface waters, WWTPs and wastewater discharge facilities.