한국 현대회화에 있어서 행위와 물성의 상호의존성- 1970~1980년대의 물성회화를 중심으로-

이창수 ( Chang Soo Lee ) 한국영상미디어협회 예술과미디어학회 2013 예술과 미디어 Vol.12 No.3

In this study, firstly, ‘materialhood(Mulseong)’ and action, found in the Korean monochrome paintings of 1970s and 1980s are reviewed, and their interdependency in the context of ‘Mulseong’ paintings are discussed. ‘Mulseong’painting can be traced back to the beginning of monochrome paintings after the Informel, however the materialhood and the action, and their interdependency in the paintings of the Korean artists have expressed the aesthetic sense unique to the Korean painting, different from the Minimalism of the West. Given the premise, ‘Mulseong’ painting is defined in the context of history of art in Korea, and its significance as an experimental efforts and its unique position in the context of contemporary art in Korea are discussed in this study. First of all, to define the term, ‘Mulseong’ painting, the evolution and the genealogy of monochrome painting in the contemporary art of Korea are studied. Monochrome painting, widely accepted in 1970s and 1980s, used to be evaluated as similar to Color-field abstraction of the US, or Minimalism, however it is positioned on a totally different layer in the respect of the principle of creation or the aesthetics. The clear-cut distiction between ‘Mulseong’ painting and the others would be the role of materialhood and action in painting. In this study, based on the disctinction, the sample artists are selected and researched as preceding case of ‘Mulseong’ painting. Among the widely-known artists of Korean monochrome paintings, JEONG, Chang-Seop and HA, Jong-Hyeon were selected for the discussion in this study. While Jeong achieves ‘Unity without Self (沒我合一)’via ``all-over vision``, while Ha did zygosis of materialities via ``view from the rear``. Here, it can be understood that the paintings of the author are located at the point where the two are intermediated. The works of the author is based on materialhood of Korean paper and take their forms through the action of pounding. The implication of the action and the process of creation can be argued in 2 aspect: the action, and the materialhood. Ultimately, these 2 aspects interact with each other, and reach to communication between the nature and human beings, in other words, Unity without Self. In the end, the author succeeds the spirit of monochrome painting in the 1970s and 1980s, but that doesn`t mean that the author just employ the as a simple way of expression, but he endeavors to transcend it and seeks the modern implication of monochrome. In this respect, the unity of materialhood and action, which the author has pursued throughout his works, focus on emotional aspect of monochrome, based on the naturalism of Korea. The key in the argument of this study in the contemporary arts is that most of researches of arts are focused more on listening to the sound of individual entities in a structure. In this study, he considers that the harmony of individual entities in the era of comeliness, in which existence of small individuals extinct and recreated over and over, is the contemporary issue with material importance. Accordingly, it can be said, that the argument in this study and the works of the author are practical approach, where the nature and an individual are synchronized in a specific occasion of our time.

미소파괴음을 이용한 KURT 화강암의 미시적 균열발달특성에 관한 연구

이창수,이경수,김진섭,최희주,Lee, Chang-Soo,Lee, Kyung-Soo,Kim, Jeop-Seop,Choi, Hey-Joo 한국방재학회 2013 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.13 No.2

In this study, moment tensor analysis in acoustic emission (AE) was adopted to analyze the tensile failure mechanism of granite under three point bending load. Source location result was in remarkable agreement with the real failure plane. However, it was showed that although the tensile failure was initiated by the tensile cracks generated from the tip of V shape notch, the failure was mainly caused by shear cracks occurred along the failure boundary. This is considered due to the irregular arrangement of mineral rock. Therefore despite the fact tensile stress was applied to the specimen, tensile and shear cracks were well distributed. In addition, shear cracks interacted with existing neighboring cracks and when the failure occurred, the cumulative volume reached approximately 62%.

광물질 혼화재를 함유한 고성능 콘크리트의 자기수축

이창수,박종혁,김용혁,김영욱,Lee,Chang-Soo,Park,Jong-Hyok,Kim,Yong-Hyok,Kim,Young-Ook 한국방재학회 2007 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.7 No.3

플라이 애쉬와 고로슬래그를 함유하고 물-결합재비가 낮은 고성능 콘크리트의 자기건조에 의한 습도감소와 수축과의 연관성을 파악하기 위하여 내부 습도와 변형률을 측정하였다. 그 결과 일반 콘크리트 내부 습도 감소는 약 10% 수축변형률은 약 <TEX>$320{\times}10^{-6}$</TEX>까지 진행하였으며 플라이 애쉬 10%, 20% 혼입한 콘크리트의 경우 각각 10%, 7%의 습도 감소와 <TEX>$274{\times}10^{-6}$</TEX>, <TEX>$231{\times}10^{-6}$</TEX>의 변형률을 나타내었다. 고로슬래그 40%, 50%를 혼입한 콘크리트는 11%, <TEX>$371{\times}10^{-6}$</TEX>, O30G50은 11%, <TEX>$350{\times}10^{-6}$</TEX>의 습도감소와 수축 변형률을 나타내었으며 플라이 애쉬 혼입 콘크리트는 일반 콘크리트에 비해 습도 감소량과 변형률이 감소하며 고로슬래그 혼입 콘크리트는 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 자기수축의 경우 내부 습도와 변형률의 관계만을 고려할 때 플라이 애쉬, 고로슬래그 혼입 유무에 상관없이 모두 습도와 변형률은 강한 선형성을 보였다. 콘크리트 내부 습도 변화와 수축변형률의 관계를 보다 구체화하기 위하여 콘크리트 내부 공극을 단일 네트워크로 가정하고 확장 메니스커스 생성 가정 하에 공극수에서 발생하는 모세관 압력과 수화조직체에서 발생하는 표면에너지 변화를 습도의 함수로 모델링하여 수축의 구동력으로 작용시킨 결과 실험값과 비교적 일치하는 값을 나타내었다. 이를 근거로 물-결합재비가 낮은 고성능 콘크리트에서 자기건조에 의한 습도감소는 20nm이하의 소형공극에서 발생함을 파악할 수 있었으며 따라서 자기수축에 대한 제어 방안은 이러한 소형공극에서의 공극수 표면장력과 포화도에 초점을 맞추어야 함을 확인할 수 있었다.한 지침을 제공한다.편차는 각각 1.1 mm, 2.1 mm, 1.0 mm로 나타났다. 하체 고정기구를 사용한 환자군에서 디지털재구성사진과 모의 치료사진의 차이는 좌우, 전후, 두미 방향에 따라 각각 <TEX>$1.3{\pm}1.9\;mm$</TEX>, <TEX>$1.8{\pm}1.5\;mm$</TEX>, <TEX>$1.1{\pm}1.1\;mm$</TEX>, 디지털재구성사진과 조사영역사진 간의 차이는 각각 <TEX>$1.0{\pm}1.8\;mm$</TEX>, <TEX>$1.2{\pm}0.9\;mm$</TEX>, <TEX>$1.2{\pm}0.8\;mm$</TEX>, 조사영역사진 간의 평균 표준편차는 각각 0.9 mm, 1.6 mm, 0.8 mm로 고정기구를 사용하지 않았을 때보다 유의하게 재현성이 향상된 것으로 나타났다. 결 론: 본 연구에서 고안된 하체 고정기구는 골반부암 환자 치료 시 편안함을 제공해 주고 재현성 향상에 도움을 주는 것으로 사료된다..) 이 때 방사선 조사량의 중앙값은 3,600 cGy이었다. 이후 추가 방사선 치료 시 계획용 CT를 사용하지 않고 2-oblique fields 사용하여 치료한 경우가 87명(35.4%)이었는데 방사선 조사량의 중앙값은 1,800 cGy이었다. 전 환자에서 1일 1회 180 cGy로 치료하였다. 전 환자에서 조사된 총 방사선량의 중앙값은 5,580 cGy이었다. 수술 후 방사선 치료를 시행한 경우 중앙값은 5,040 cGy이었고 수술을 받지 않은 환자 중앙값은 5,940 cGy이었다. 근접조사 방사선 치료는 총 34명(13.8%)에서 시행되었고, 전 환자에서 high dose rate Iridium-192를 사용하였다. 조사범위는 종양에서 longitudinal margin의 중앙값은 1 cm, prescribed isodose curve에서 axial length의 평균값 Humidity and strain were estimated for understanding the relation between humidity change by self-desiccation and shrinkage in high-performance concrete with low water binder ratio and containing fly ash and blast furnace slag. Internal humidity change and shrinkage strain were about 10%, 10%, 7%, 11%, 11% and <TEX>$320{\times}10^{-6}$</TEX>, <TEX>$270{\times}10^{-6}$</TEX>, <TEX>$231{\times}10^{-6}$</TEX>, <TEX>$371{\times}10^{-6}$</TEX>, <TEX>$350{\times}10^{-6}$</TEX> respectively on OPC30, O30F10, O30F20, O30G40, O30G50 and from the results, fly ash made humidity change and strain decrease but slag increase comparing with ordinary portland cement. Considering only relation internal humidity and shrinkage by self-desiccation, humidity change and shrinkage represented the strong linear relation regardless of mineral admixture. For specifying the relation on internal humidity change and autogenous shrinkage strain, shrinkage model was established which is driven by capillary pressure in pore water and surface energy in hydrates on the assumption of a single network and extended meniscus in pore system of concrete. This model and experimental results had a similar tendency so it would be concluded that the internal humidity change by self-desiccation in HPC originated in small pores less than 20nm, therefore controlling plan on autogenous shrinkage might be focused on surface tension of water and degree of saturation in small pore.

설계 변경 승인을 위한 Workflow Management System 설계

이창수,김선호,Lee, Chang-Soo,Kim, Sunn-Ho 대한산업공학회 1999 산업공학 Vol.12 No.1

As most of information systems developed are data-centric rather than process-centric, it is difficult for users to understand and manage the system from the viewpoint of work processes. To resolve the problem of the data-centric design, we propose a new method to design WFMSs(Workflow Management Systems), which are focused on processes and modified from current information engineering methods. In this research, the drawing approval and engineering change approval process of a K manufacturing company has been analyzed as a sample process. This method takes two steps, i.e., process analysis and system design. In the prosess analysis, data and processes are analyzed, and functions and tasks are derived from the processes. In the system design, a data model for the operation of WFMS is designed, and based on this data model, build-time and run-time functions of WFMS are designed.

항원성 자극을 받은 임파절세포의 Rough Surfaced Endoplasmic Reticulum 의 변화

이창수,권세훈,손태중,Lee Chang-Soo,Kwon Sae-Hoon,Sohn Tae-Joong 한국현미경학회 1973 Applied microscopy Vol.3 No.1

토끼의 족서부 피하로 Bovine Gamma Globulin과 Ineomplete Freud's Adjuvant를 주입한 후 국소임파절내의 항체생산 세포인 형질세포의 rER을 경시적으로 관찰한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. (1) 항원투여전의 형질세포의 rER 는 일반적으로 편평낭상 (flattened sac) 을 정하고, 항원 투여 후 3 일째에는 일반적으로 소포상 (vesic lar) 를 그리고 7 일내지 10 일째에는 공포상 (vacuolar) 를 정하고 그 강내에는 intracisternal granule 이 다수 출현하며 20 일째에는 다시 확장낭상 내지는 편평낭상을 정하게 된다. 이상의 연구성적으로 보아 편평낭상을 정하는 형질세포의 rER에 항원성 자극을 가하면 처음에는 소포상으로 되었다가 공포상으로 변화하며, 항원 성자극이 소퇴하면 다시 편평낭상으로 복귀된다고 생각된다. The changes of rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum of plasma cells in the regional lymph node after injection of Bovine Gamma Globulin summarized as follow: The rough ER of plasma cells before antigenic stimulation shows flattened sac but changed to vesicular at 3rd day and vacuolar at 7th to 10th day. lntradisternal granules are appeared within the lumina or rough ER at 7th to 10th day. The rough ER is changed to distended sac or flattened sac at 20th day. The results suggest that normally flattened sac of rough ER is changed to vesicular and then to vacuolar after antigenic stimulation. But they are returned to distended sac or flattened sac with disappearance of antigenic stimuli.

반복하중 시 발생하는 미소파괴음을 이용한 KURT 화강암의 손상도 평가

이창수,이경수,김진섭,최희주,Lee,Chang-Soo,Lee,Kyung-Soo,Kim,Jin-Seop,Choi,Hey-Joo 한국방재학회 2012 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.12 No.6

본 연구에서는 Acoustic Emission (AE)기법을 이용하여 반복하중을 받는 화강암의 손상도를 평가하였으며 AE는 변형에너지의 일부이기 때문에 손상의 절대적 지표인 응력-변형률 곡선 결과와 비교하였다. 응력-변형률 곡선 결과 중 소산에너지 결과만이 재하 횟수가 증가함에 따라 손상이 증가하며 특히 5번째 재하(3번 시료는 6번째)에서부터 손상이 0.23에서 0.48로 급격히 증가하였다. AE 에너지를 이용한 결과 또한 이와 유사한 결과를 제시하였다. 이에 두 결과의 상관성을 분석한 결과 상관관계는 0.988로 매우 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 AE 에너지를 이용하여 암석시료의 손상규준을 평가한 결과 화강암의 손상도가 0.3이하, 0.3~0.6, 0.6이상을 기준으로 손상등급은 초기, 중간, 심각으로 분류할 수 있으며 이 때의 횡 방향 변형계수는 평균 9%, 18%, 28% 감소, 포아송비는 65, 88, 108% 증가하였다. In this study, damage assessment of granite under uniaxial cyclic incremental loading was analyzed by the acoustic emission (AE) techniques and the obtained results were compared with stress-strain curve data. As the loading cycle number increased, the dissipated energy result obtained from stress-strain curve was only shown the rock samples were gradually damaged, then damage degree increased 0.23 to 0.48 from the 5th cyclic loading in stress-strain curve data. AE energy result also began to increase the damage degree dramatically at the same stage and it was similar to the result of dissipated energy. Thus, AE result was correlated with dissipated energy measurement and it was highly correlated (<TEX>$R^2$</TEX>=0.988). As a result, the criterion to qualify the damage could be denoted by minor, intermediate and heavy damage, respectively given by 0.30, 0.30~60, 0.60 of damage degree based on AE energy. However, the lateral deformation modulus and poisson`s ratio was decreased 9%, 18%, 28% and increased 65%, 88%, 108% at each damage level.

형산강 하류 적조발생시 수질 및 수문학적 특성 검토

이창수 ( Chang Soo Lee ) 한국환경과학회 2009 한국환경과학회지 Vol.18 No.10

To investigate the influence of water area calmness on the red tide development, runoff phenomena due to antecedent precipitation of red tide development day were analyzed. There were examined the water quality variation properties at about the same time of the red tide develop. The red tide was developed when the stage and discharge nearly had not changed. It was estimated that the stability of particle behavior in the mouth of river effected on the red tide develop. Also, the concentrations of COD(Mn) were increased about 241~629% when the red tide developed.

편평한 암석절리면의 속도 의존적 전단거동 특성

박병기,이창수,전석원,Park, Byung-Ki,Lee, Chang-Soo,Jeon, Seok-Won 한국터널지하공간학회 2007 한국터널지하공간학회논문집 Vol.9 No.2

최근 암반구조물의 규모가 점차 대형.대단면화됨에 따라 암반 절리면이 자유면에 노출되는 경우가 빈번하게 발생할 수 있으며 지진, 발파와 같은 외부 동적 하중의 영향을 받을 가능성이 커지고 있으므로 다양한 동적 하중조건 하에서 암반 불연속면의 거동 특성 파악을 위한 연구의 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 전단속도의 변화에 따른 편평한 화강암 전단면의 마찰특성 변화를 알아보고자 다양한 조건하에서 직접전단시험을 수행하였다. 수행한 직접전단시험은 크게 두 가지로 나눌 수 있는데 첫 번째 시험에서는 시험이 수행되는 동안 각각 7가지의 일정한 전단속도로 전단변위가 발생되도록 하여 전단속도에 따른 마찰계수의 변화를 살펴보았으며, 두 번째 시험에서는 전단변위가 발생되는 중간에3가지 형태의 순간적인 전단속도 변화가 마찰특성에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 수직응력과 전단속도의 변화에 따른 편평한 화강암의 마찰계수 변화는 가해진 수직응력 수준에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났으며, 전단속도의 변화가 마찰거동에 영향을 미치기 시작하는 전이속도는 수직응력이 증가함에 따라 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 전단속도가 느릴수록 stick-slip 거동에서의 응력 저하 폭이 커지는 경향을 보였다. 순간적인 전단속도 변화에 따른 정상 상태에서의 마찰계수 변화를 살펴본 결과 순간적인 속도의 증가에 따라 마찰계수가 감소하는 속도 연화 현상이 나타났으며, 느린 전단속도에서 전단속도의 변화에 따른 마찰계수의 감소폭이 빠른 전단속도에서의 변화에 따른 감소폭보다 더 큰 경향을 보였다. Recently, the probability of rock joints being exposed to free faces is getting higher for the scale of rock mass structures gets larger. Also, the frequency of occurring dynamic events such as earthquakes and blasting has been increasing. Thus, the shear behavior of rock joints under different conditions needs to be investigated. In this study, a series of direct shear tests were carried out under various conditions to examine the velocity-dependent shear behavior of saw-cut rock joints. Two types of direct shear test were carried out. The first was to examine the velocity-dependent shear behavior of saw-cut rock joints at seven different shear velocities, each with three different normal stresses. The second was to examine the shear behavior of saw-cut rock joints when three different instantaneous shear velocities changed. As a result, the coefficient of friction was affected by normal stress. The breakpoint velocity, the point when the change of shear velocity starts to affect the frictional behavior, became lower as normal stress increased. Also, as the shear velocity became lower, the degree of stress-drop on stick-slip behavior became larger. As a result of examining the changes of friction coefficient, velocity weakening (decrease of friction coefficient) was observed. The decrement of friction coefficient due to the changes of shear velocity under slow shear velocity was larger than that under fast shear velocity.

내측 반월상 연골판 후방 골 기시부 파열의 관절경적 봉합술 후 최소 1년 추시 결과

이철형 ( Chul Hyung Lee ),송인수 ( In Soo Song ),정현윤 ( Hyun Yoon Jeong ),이창수 ( Chang Soo Lee ),이봉주 ( Bong Ju Lee ) 대한스포츠의학회 2011 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.29 No.1

This study is to evaluate clinical and arthroscopic second-look results of arthroscopic repairs of posterior root tears of medial meniscus which may cause loss of circumferential hoop tension and extrusion of meniscus. From October 2006 to May 2009, fifty-eight patients (59 knees) underwent arthroscopic pull-out repairs. Clinical results were evaluated using Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score for 12-month follow-up. Second-look arthroscopy was done to evaluate meniscal healing in 21 cases. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to assess status of repaired meniscus and tibial tunnel position in 9 patients. Average preoperative HSS score and IKDC score of 59 cases were 69.5 and 36.0, respectively. Average postoperative HSS score and IKDC score of 59 cases had been changed into 90.3 (p<0.001) and 66.8 (p<0.001), respectively. Second-look arthroscopies revealed complete or incomplete healing except one case. Two patients showed increased one grade according to the Kellgren-Lawrence radiologic classification system and others showed no change. Of 9 patients who performed MRI, six patients showed complete healing. The average position of tibial tunnel was 4.8 mm anterior and 5.7 mm medial to center of posterior cruciate ligament. Arthroscopic pull-out repair technique using transtibial tunnel seems to be simple and effective procedure for posterior root tear of medial meniscus. Further evaluation of arthroscopic repair of posterior root tear of medial meniscus should be needed to prove the effectiveness on the prevention of osteoarthritis of knee.

도농복합도시 도시철도 역세권의 토지이용 변화특성에 관한 연구: 경기도 광주시 경강선 역세권을 중심으로

신종범(Jong-Bum Shin),김찬호(Chan-Ho Kim),이창수(Chang-Soo Lee) LH토지주택연구원 2024 토지주택연구 Vol.15 No.3

This study analyzed the characteristics of land use changes around urban railway stations in peri-urban mixed-use cities. The research focused on four station areas along the Gyeonggang Line in Gwangju City, Gyeonggi Province, categorized into three phases based on their opening dates to analyze land use changes. The analysis method utilized building permit registry data from 2012 to 2020 within a 1 km radius of each station, at 250-meter intervals, examining temporal, spatial, and functional distributions. Statistical analysis employed SPSS for weighted cross-tabulation to explore differences in building permits and concentration levels among various building types. The findings revealed: firstly, peri-urban mixed-use city station areas exhibited the highest number of building permits at the time of opening; secondly, significant land use changes were observed within the 500-meter radius from the station; thirdly, residential buildings dominated, reflecting a trend towards housing supply-oriented land use changes; fourthly, cross-tabulation indicated significant differences in building permits across time, distance, and type (p < 0.01). Lastly, the concentration analysis revealed that residential buildings were distributed most evenly, while buildings for educational, social, and agricultural and fisheries purposes were distributed unevenly.