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토끼의 바이러스성(性) 간염(肝炎)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) I. 실험적(實驗的) 감염토(感染兎)의 급성간염조직(急性肝炎組織)의 전자현미경적(電子顯微鏡的) 관찰(觀察)
이차수,박청규,Lee, Cha-soo,Park, Cheong-kyu 대한수의학회 1989 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.29 No.4
A new sudden death in rabbits appeared in China and Korea in 1984 and 1985, respectively, and was recognized to be an acute infectious disease caused by a virus. The disease was reported as a "new viral disease," and thereafter, a tentative name of "viral hemorrhagic disease", "hemorrhagic pneumonia" or "viral hemorrhagic pneumonia" has been described in the case reports. But authors had called the viral disease "rabbit viral hepatitis" due to picornavirus infection, because the principal lesion of the disease was an acute hepatitis. The purpose of this report is to describe the electron microscopic findings on the livers in experimentally infected rabbits. All the livers of the affected rabbits were shown to have degenerative changes of a type that is characteristic of acute hepatitis. In the liver cells, there were dilation of rER and mitochondria, vacuole formation of various sizes, and appearances of many virus-like particles in the vicinity of rER, granular bodies and crystalline arrays of viral particles in the cytoplasm with necrotic changes of the nucleus. Clusters of virus-like particles and viral crystals appeared in the cytoplasm of sinusoid endothelial cells and Kupffer's cells with morphological changes of organelles. Also viral crystals were demonstrated in the cytoplasm of macrophages among the liver cells. On the whole, the liver cells had many virus-like particles and a few crystalline arrays of viral particles. Therefore, this implies that the liver cells are the main site of the viral replication in inducing the viremia. It was concluded that the liver was the primary target organ of this viral disease, and the pathological and the ultrastructural evidence suggest that the virus may be belong to genus enterovirus.
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이차범,이선규,김규하 한국정밀공학회 2012 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.13 No.9
An uncertainty analysis of grating interferometry in six degree-of-freedom (DOF) motion error measurements in a linear stage is presented. Six-DOF refers to the translational and rotational motion of a rigid body in a three-dimensional space. The optical measurement method and sensor were constructed and applied to the ballscrew-driven stage for validation. With a single traversal of the stage along the X direction, the optical sensor measured the motion in high resolution along each axis: less than 0.03 arcsec, 20 nm, and 0.4 nm for the rotational, Y and Z directions, and X direction, respectively. A laser interferometer and autocollimator were used for comparison. In conjunction with a performance evaluation for the proposed optical sensor, the measurement uncertainty (k=1) was estimated from the error sources, which included installation error, optics error, electronics error, environmental effects, and motion-induced error (with the exception of the driving axis). Under a given experimental condition, the environmentalerror is a major error source for the X direction, the optics error strongly affects the Y and Z directions, and environmental effects affect the three rotational directions. Furthermore, the motion error in the high precision stage is less sensitive to the measurement error, but it has to be taken into account in case of a general-purpose stage.
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일반 RC보와 동등한 강섬유 보강 철근콘크리트 보의 이론적 산정
이차돈,윤여천 한국콘크리트학회 1997 콘크리트학회지 Vol.9 No.1
비선형 layered 유한요소법과 비선형 프로그래밍 기법에 의하여 주어진 기존의 철근콘크리트 보의 휨강도 및 연성을 근사하게 나타낼 수 있는 강섬유고강 철근콘크리트 보(Reinforced Steel Fibrous Concrete Beam : RSFC Beam)의 인장 및 압축철근량, 강섬유의 혼입률 등을 산정하였다. 개발된 모델을 이용하여 콘트리트의 압축강도 및 철근비가 서로 다른 일반 철근콘크리트 보에 있어서 강섬유보강 콘크리트를 사용할 경우, 기존 철근을대체하는 강섬유의 량과 또한 이로 인한 인장 \ulcorner 압축 철근량의 변화량을 조사하였다. 기존 문헌에 나타난 강섬유보강 콘크리트보의 전간강도식을 이용하여 일반 철근콘크리트보와 비교하여 강섬유보강 철근콘크리트 보에서 증가될 수 있는 스터럽의 간격을 산정하였다.
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이차범,이선규 대한기계학회 2013 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.27 No.1
Recently, in accordance with the increasing market demand for ultraprecision technology, a high precision multi-degree-of-freedom displacement measurement technology has become important for industrial applications such as the field of manufacturing and inspection because those physical quantities, linear and angular displacements, are key parameters for keeping and improving quality control of a production system. A number of instruments capable of precise multi-degree-of-freedom measurements have been built and some novel techniques have been introduced. The current state-of-art techniques for multi-degree-of-freedom motion error measurement in a linear stage using laser encoder-implemented system are reviewed. First, we summarize the basic principles behind the measurement technology of the motion error in a stage and simple encoder system. Next, the basic design principles of practical laser encoder system are discussed using the experience of past and existing cases to refer to the important points and the major scientific results. The current trends in the field are significantly discussed, including the novel techniques under construction and advanced technologies. Lastly, the future of multi-functional laser encoder-implemented system, highlighting the kinds of new science upcoming in the next few years, is discussed.
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이차돈,김현,Lee, Cha-Don,Kim, Hyun 대한건축학회 2011 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.27 No.11
The model incorporating different strain components of concrete and steel in high temperature has been developed to simulate the axial deformation of the wall in fire. Comparisons between the test results and the model predictions showed that the developed model was able to predict the general tendency of the axial deformation of the wall in fire. From the parametric studies with the developed model, it was found that except concrete compressive strength, both wall thickness and the ratio of the externally applied axial load to nominal strength of the wall could affect the fire resistance. Based on the results from the developed model, it was suggested that further refinement on the code provisions be made for the fire resistance to include the effect of relative magnitude of the axial load to the wall strength.
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앙고라 토끼의 급성폐사성질병(急性斃死性疾病)의 병인학적(病因學的) 연구(硏究) : 소위(所謂) 토끼의 바이러스성(性) 급사병(急死病)
이차수,박청규,Lee, Cha-soo,Park, Cheong-kyu 대한수의학회 1987 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.27 No.2
This paper dealt with etiological studies on the acute fatal disease of Angora rabbits occurring as a group in Korea. The disease was confirmed as an acute infectious disease caused by virus. The results obtained were summarized as follows: The disease produced a high morbidity in the rearing Angora rabbits and a high mortality in the infected rabbits, and was acute. The infected rabbits died soon without premonitory signs after inappetence. The body temperature of the affected rabbits rose to $40^{\circ}C$ and nearly all deaths occurred within 48 hours after inoculation. In many cases a bloody foam was visible from the nostrils after death. According to the progress of the disease the nervous signs, such as ataxia, paralysis of the legs, and torticollis could be recognized in the some cases. Rabbits that had recovered from the disease were severe emaciation, and bristly and sparse hairs. In macroscopical findings, there were hemorrhage and edema of the lung, hemorrhage or hyperemia of the tracheal and broncheal mucosae, appearance of blood-tinged effusion in the respiratory tract. The principal lesions were found in the liver. Usually the lobular necrosis of the liver cells was progressed, and focal necrosis and hemorrhagic spots of various sizes were often observed in the liver. Liver was as a whole pale. In chronic cases, however, there was a slight liver cirrhosis with the atrophy of the parenchymal cells. The other lesions encountered grossly consisted of swelling and petechiae of the kidney, hyperemia and hemorrhage of the spleen, catarrh of the small intestine, and hyperemia of the brain. The urinary bladder contained a lot of turbid urine or bloody urine and urinary cast, and was distended with the urine. In microscopical findings, the most striking lesions occurred in the liver and may be classified as viral hepatitis. The hepatic lesions were initially characterized by progression from periportal to peripheral necrosis of the lobules with the infiltration of mononuclear cells. Focal necrosis of various sizes, hemorrhage and hyperemia were often observed in the hepatic lobules. In chronic cases, there were intensive infiltration of lymphocytes, proliferation of fibroblasts, appearance of plasmal cells, and atrophy of parenchymal cells in the hepatic tissue. Perivascular lymphocytic infiltration and meningitis were seen in the brain and spinal cord. In the kidney, there were acute glomerulonephritis, hemorrhage, necrosis of the uriniferous tubules, and retention of eosinophilic substance within the renal tubules. Proliferation of fibroblasts and infiltration of mono-nuclear cells were found in the interstitial stroma of the kidney in chronic case. There were also hemorrhage and edema in the lung, hyperemia and hemorrhage in the trachea and bronchus, perivascular lymphocytic infiltration and focal myocardial necrosis in the heart, hyperemia and hemorrhage in the spleen, vacuolization and desquamation of mucous epithelia in the urinary bladder, catarrhal inflammation of the small intestine, hemorrhage in the adrenal cortex and hyperemia in the other organs. In the electron microscopical findings of the hepatic tissue, crystals of viral particles appeared in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes and the sinusoidal endothelial cells, and the viral particles, were small in size and polygonal. The authors suppose the virus may belong to picornaviridae family of RNA viruses. Also immature virus-like particles, dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum and destruction of nuclear membrane were seen in the hepatocytes. From these results, it is concluded that the sudden death is an acute viral disease characterized by hepatitis and the affected rabbits may be died of viremia.
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