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극지용 선박 및 해양플랜트 구조 강재의 기계적 특성에 대한 저온 및 변형률 속도의 효과에 관한 연구
Carbon steels including in the IACS Requirements concerning Polar Class are a primary material to build ships and offshore structures. They can be exposed to sudden accidents including collision, grounding and dropped object in extreme environments. In order to achieve economic profits and safety design of ship and offshore structure, accurate mechanical behaviors of ship and offshore structure materials have to be understood with nonlinearity of material in various strain rate and low temperature. The aim of the present study is to characterize the mechanical properties of mild and high-tensile steel through tensile test at low temperature equivalent to an Arctic environment. Reliable structural analysis of ship and offshore structure needs accurate information of test database. In this paper, tensile testing with the effect of various temperature and strain rate from 0.001 /sec and 34 /sec are performed and 5 different mild and high-tensile steel are used for obtaining static and dynamic material properties. This paper focuses on temperature-dependent strain rate sensibility and strain rate hardening in various temperatures. The coefficients of the Cowper-Symonds equation are reviewed based on the test database. Additionally, the simulation result of drop test for steel-plated structure is compared with applying mild steel and high tensile steel in room temperature characteristic in LS-DYNA nonlinear finite element simulation.
초고속 공기 주축을 이용한 마이크로 엔드밀링에서 가공변질층 특성 평가
As demands for micro parts are on the increase in recent industries such as aerospace, biomedical, electronics, environment, information technology and display instrument, the need for manufacturing such parts is also increasing. The major methods of manufacturing micro parts are based on semiconductor process technology such as lithography, etching and non-traditional machining using lasers, ultrasonic and ion-beams. However, such methods are only applicable to the machining of two-dimensional shapes. Therefore, the mechanical machining methods are required for micro parts machining with complex shapes. The endmilling process, which is one of the mechanical machining methods can be applied to the manufacturing of a variety of shapes, and this machining is available from macro to micro scale level. Recently, the application of micro endmilling process has been increasing for the micro machine parts that can not be manufactured by MEMS technology. The process of micro endmilling is generally similar, but it is difficult to select cutting conditions in small diameter of micro endmill. In addition, more time and costs may be wasted because the tools are fractured easily, and it is not easy for machining operator to monitor the tool conditions. This paper presents an investigation on the characteristics of damaged layer in micro endmilling of copper by using ultra-high speed air spindle. The damaged layer in metal cutting is derived from plastic deformation and transformation of metal structure. This layer affects mold life and precise machine parts. In this study, micro-cutting force, surface roughness and plastic deformation layer according to the variation of machining conditions were investigated by experimental method. The damaged layer was measured by using optical microscope for the samples prepared by metallographic techniques and the metallurgical characteristics were evaluated by scanning electron microscope. It's scale was dependent on cutting process parameters, especially feed per tooth and machining environments. According to experimental results, it was verified that the thickness of damaged layer was increased with decreasing of feed per tooth and increasing of cutting depth, also thickness of damaged layer was reduced in down-milling compared to up-milling during micro-endmilling operation. By this investigation, the micro endmilling technology can be applicable efficently for die & mold machining and micro parts machining.
The temporal query language can represent time and process data related time in temporal database. In this paper, I design the temporal query language, SQL^(*)T. SQL^(*)T is a temporal extension of SQL. The temporal data model of SQL^(*)T extends relational data model using tuple timestamping. For defining a temporal relation, the data definition language of SQL^(*)T is extended. SQL^(*)T has an additional clause, the validtime clause, which can represent time and support a temporal operation in the data manipulation language. And, I implement a temporal query system to query using SQL^(*)T. The temporal query system is constructed a query processor based on a relational database system and a user-friendly interface using WWW-based CGI programing. My temporal query system may be used for experimental base in the further research of temporal database.
職業軍人 除隊 後 就業支援에 관한 硏究 : 軍 職業 輔導 敎育을 重心으로
이종환 東國大學校 行政大學院 2002 국내석사
Military is necessary organization for restoration and establishment of nation. This proved through ancient cohibition and able to find out from advanced powerful nations that contain powerful military. These militaries are formated organization for object of nation's embodiment. Necessary of full support of nation to employ, development, formation of organization. At the other side, when nation and citizens request, they must sacrifice their lives regardless on both normal and war time. With all these environments, the heart of our military who served more than ten years are retiring about the numbers of 3,000 to 4,000 every year, some of them retired for the other reasons(regardless of their choice and ability), their employment rates are below 30%, and in ages most of them are in 40s and early 50s, it gives serious concerns to veterans who leave their first job at the period of their life when they are necessary to spend most in economically. Also returning to society and re-employment over normal competitors without proper special knowledge are not the easy thing to do for the retired veterans with age of 40s to 50s. Especially for retired veterans, they have difficult in reemployment and resocialization since they have been spend in military for long time. At this point of view, problems of re-employment and re-socialization of retired veterans connect with overall production in military. It must conceive early resolve, otherwise it could be become the biggest problem. At this point of view, retired veterans are necessary to consolidates re-socialization and re-employment and executed to find and show the development of educating vocation information in military to apply overall production at the dimension of nation followed by their retirements. To complete the study object, first in order to re-establish system of military's educating vocational information, readjust system of management, and educating vocational information. And improve system of separating educating vocational information and system of managing procedure work. And presented improving control of educating vocational information and expanding objectives of educating vocational information. Second, consolidated connection to re-employment with military education, and experience. And presented to apply and expanding course of trust education out side of military and within military expansion of expertise skill education. Lastly, a plan of establishing organization of educating vocational information in military to execute job training for the veterans after their retirements. Objectives are presented to cultivate ability to re-employment and re-socialization training. Finally, in order to re-socialization and cultivate ability to re-employment for the retired veterans, consolidates educating vocational information also connecting with employment and to raise the rates of employment are necessary from pan national support and integrated efforts.
분산전원이 연계된 배전계통의 전압/무효전력 협조제어 및 효과분석
분산전원 연계용량 증대 요구가 증가함에 따라, 최근에는 이에 대응하기 위하여 계통 운영 규정을 유지하기보다는 분산전원의 연계를 최대한 수용하는 정책으로 전환되고 있는 추세이다. 해외 연계기준도 분산전원의 연계확대를 위한 기준으로 변화하고 있다. 따라서 배전계통의 분산전원 수용력 향상을 위한 보다 적극적인 계통 운영 전압제어 방법의 적용이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 분산전원이 연계된 배전계통의 전압 및 무효전력 협조제어 방안을 제안하였다. 배전계통에서 사용되는 전압제어기기와 분산전원의 무효전력을 이용한 전압 및 무효전력 협조 방안을 제시하였다. 국내 배전계통에 적용이 가능한 현장형 기법의 알고리즘을 제안하였으며 각 제어기기 구성별 전압 및 무효전력 제어기법을 제안하였다. 커패시터와 분산전원의 무효전력과 같은 무효전력 제어기기는 전압프로파일을 평탄화하고 OLTC(On Load Tap Changer)와 SVR(Step Voltage Regulator)과 같은 탭 제어기기는 적정전압 유지 또는 CVR(Conservation Voltage Reduction) 목적에 따라 전압을 제어하였다. 제어를 통해 적정전압 유지 제어는 배전 계통의 전체 전압을 공칭전압에 가깝게 제어하여 적정전압 유지 목적을 극대화하였고 CVR 제어는 배전 계통의 전압을 최저 전압에 가깝게 제어하여 CVR 효과를 극대화하였다. 또한 제안된 적정전압 유지 및 CVR 협조 전압제어에 따른 효과를 시뮬레이션으로 분석하였다. 적정전압 유지를 위한 협조 제어를 통해 배전계통의 손실감소 등의 효과를 분석하였다. 전력 손실감소와 같은 주요 특성을 분석하고 제안된 적정전압 유지 제어를 통해 개선된 효과를 분석하였다. CVR 제어도 CVR 측면에서 개선된 효과를 분석하였다. 분산전원 무효전력 보상 및 거래에 대한 국내 배전계통 적용 방안을 제안하였다. 무효전력의 보상을 무효전력 보조서비스 관점에서 분석하였으며 손실비용 및 CVR 제어 측면에서 분석하여 국내 배전계통에 적용하여 타당성을 분석하였다. As the demand for expanding distributed generation connection capacity increases, in recent years, there is a trend to change to a policy that accepts connection of distributed generations as much as possible rather than maintaining system operation regulations. Connection standards used in global utilities are also changing toward expanding the connection of distributed generations. Therefore, it is required to apply a more aggressive system operation voltage control method to improve the capacity of distributed generations in the distribution network system. In this paper, a cooperative control scheme for volt/VAR in the distribution network system connected with distributed generations was proposed. A cooperative method for volt/VAR using voltage control devices in distribution system and reactive power by distributed generations was presented. An algorithm of field-type technique applicable to domestic distribution system was proposed, and volt/VAR control method for each control device composition was proposed. Reactive power control devices such as capacitors and reactive power of distributed generation flatten the voltage profile, and tap control devices such as OLTC(On Load Tap Changer) and SVR(Step Voltage Regulator) control the voltage to maintain proper voltage or according to the purpose of CVR(Conservation Voltage Reduction). The proper voltage maintenance control maximizes the purpose of maintaining the proper voltage by controlling the voltage of the distribution system close to the nominal voltage, and CVR control maximizes the CVR effect by controlling the voltage of the distribution system close to the lowest voltage. In addition, the effects of the proposed voltage maintenance and CVR cooperative voltage control were analyzed by simulation. The effect of reducing the loss of the distribution system through cooperative control for maintaining the proper voltage was analyzed. Key characteristics such as power loss reduction were analyzed, and improved effects were analyzed through the proposed appropriate voltage maintenance control. CVR control was also analyzed the improved effect in terms of CVR. A method of applying the compensation and transaction of reactive power by distributed generations to the domestic distribution system was proposed. Compensation of reactive power was analyzed from the aspect of reactive power auxiliary service, and the feasibility of applying it to the domestic distribution system was analyzed by evaluating loss cost and CVR control.