축산환경 : 고도 및 수송거리별 출하 한우의 도체특성 및 표면육색의 변화

이종인 ( Jong In Lee ),이정우 ( Jeong Woo Lee ),박병기 ( Byung Ki Park ),장용설 ( Yong Seol Jang ),최장근 ( Chang Kun Choi ),곽돈규 ( Don Kyu Kwak ),성철완 ( Cheol Wan Sung ),안준상 ( Jun Sang An ),신종서 ( Jong Suh Shin ) 한국동물자원과학회 ( 구 한국축산학회 ) 2012 한국축산학회지 Vol.54 No.1

본 연구는 고도 차이 혹은 수송 거리의 차이가 한우(거세우 및 암소)의 도체특성, 표면육색 및 혈중 cortisol 농도 변화에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위해 실시되었다. 공시동물은 총 190두로 이중 거세한우는 118두 암소는 72두였다. 자료는 사육 고도(100, 200, 300, 400 및 500m) 혹은 수송 거리(50, 100, 150, 200 및 250 km)에 따라 분석하였다. 사육 고도의 차이가 거세한우 및 암소의 육량 및 육질 형질 변화에 미치는 영향은 적었으며, 수송 거리의 차이가 거세한우 및 암소의 육량 형질에 미치는 영향은 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 수송 거리의 차이가 거세한우 및 암소의 근내지방도, 육색 및 지방색에 미치는 영향과 사육 고도 혹은 수송 거리의 차이가 거세한우 및 암소 등심의 명도, 적색도, 황색도, 선명도 및 색상색에 미치는 영향은 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 암소의 경우 사육고도 100m에서 200m에 비해 등심의 명도가 증가되었으며(p<0.05), 거세한우의 경우 수송 거리 250km 그리고 암소의 경우에는 200km에서 등심의 명도가 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 한편, 혈중 cortisol 농도는 낮은 사육 고도에 비해 높은 사육 고도에서 낮아지는 경향을 보였으나, 통계적인 유의차는 없었다. 수송 거리가 거세한우 및 암소의 cortisol 농도에 미치는 영향은 없었다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과에서 사육 고도 혹은 수송 거리가 한우의 생산성에 미치는 영향은 적은 것으로 판단된다. The purposes of the study were to examine the changes in carcass traits and surface meat color, and cortisol concentration by different altitudes and shipping distances for steer and cow. The experimental animals were shipped from Kangwondo, Kyunggido, Choongchungdo, and Kyungsangdo to Wonju LPC. The animals were examined for yield traits, quality traits, carcass grade, lightness, redness, yellowness, croma value, and cortisol concentration by different altitudes and shipping distances. The results showed that the carcass traits of steer like back fat thickness were not different by shipping distances of 100km, 150km, and 200km. However, the fat thickness was higher in steers shipped from 250km than 100km, 150km, and 200km distance. Rib- eye area was reduced significantly in 200km and 250km than 50km. Yield index and yield grade were significantly low in 250 km than 50-200km. However, meat color, fat color, texture, mature, and quality grade had no differences between shipping distances. Marbling score was not different in 50-200km. However, the marbling score in 250 km was significantly lower than that of 50 km. In case of surface meat color by shipping distance, redness, yellowness, chroma value, and hue-angle were not different in shipping distance of 250km. The lightness had similar result in 50-200 km. However, in case of 250 km the lightness was significantly low. The REA of cow carcass by shipping distance had no differences by shipping distance. The BET had similar results in 50-150km. However, it had significantly thick in 200km. The yield index and yield grade had no differences in 50-150km. However, yield index and grade were significantly low in 200km. The carcass trait of cow had no differences in all items by shipping distance. Although the carcass traits and the BET for steer by altitude had no differences between 100, 200, 300 and 500m, but those were significantly thick in 400m. And the yield index and the yield grade at altitude 400 m were lower than that of other altitudes. The quality traits and the quality grade had no differences between 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500m altitudes. The yield traits, quality traits, yield grade, and quality grade had no significant differences by altitudes. In case of yield index of cow for 300m was low than the cases of 100m and 200m. The surface meat color for steer and cow had no differences by altitudes. However, the lightness of cow had positive result in 100m than 200m and 300m. In case of steer and cow the cortisol concentration by shipping distance was high as the shipping distances were longer. However, the cortisol concentrations of steer and cow by altitudes were decreased as the altitudes were increased. From the above results carcass traits and carcass grade were decreased and the cortisol concentration was increased as the altitudes were decreased for steer and cow.

신생아 외과환아에서 말초혈관을 통한 전비경구적 영양요법에 대한 고찰

이종인,정풍만,Lee, Jong-In,Jung, Poong-Man 대한소아외과학회 1998 소아외과 Vol.4 No.1

Parenteral nutrition has been an essential part of postoperative care of neonates requiring major surgery who are unable to tolerate enteral feeding for long periods during the postoperative period. However, TPN via central venous catheters(central TPN), used in increasing trend, still presents significant morbidity. To find out whether TPN via peripheral veins(peripheral TPN) could be used as a viable alternative for postoperative parenteral nutrition in neonates, a clinical study was carried out by a retrospective analysis of 53 neonates subjected to peripheral TPN for more than 7 days after surgery. Operations consisted of procedures for esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula, gastroschisis and omphalocele. Surgery was performed at the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hanyang University Hospitall, from 1983 to 1994. The mean total duration of TPN was 13.3 days (range; 7-58 days), the average daily total fluid intake was 117.6 ml/kg during TPN and 158.6 ml/kg during subsequent oral feeding. The average daily total calorie intake was 57.7 kcal/kg during full strength TPN and 101.3 kcal/kg during subsequent oral feeding. The mean urine output was maintained at 3.5 ml/kg/ hour during TPN and at 3.6 ml/kg/hour during subsequent oral feeding. The increment of body weight observed during TPN was 132 g in TEF, 53 g in gastroschisis and 3 g in omphalocele patients, while loss of body weight was not observed. The mortality rate was 5.7 %(3/53) and was related to the underlying congenital anomalies, not the TPN. The most common complication of peripheral TPN observed was laboratory findings suggestive of liver dysfunction in 23 cases(43.4 %) with no significant clinical symptom or signs in any case, transient pulmonary edema in one case, and generalized edema in one case. None of the major complications usually expected associated with central TPN were observed. The result of this study suggest that peripheral TPN can be used for adeguate postoperative nutritional support in neonates requiring 2 to 3 weeks of TPN.

5, 18 광주민주화운동 관련인물의 미국에 대한 인식: 윤한봉과 윤상원을 중심으로

이종인 ( Jong In Lee ) 전북대학교 사회과학연구소 2012 지역과 세계 Vol.36 No.2

중국군의 베트남 침공(79.2.17)을 시작으로 소련의 아프가니스탄 침공 (79.12.24)으로 마무리 되었던 1979년 세계사의 흐름 속에서, 대한민국은 ``10·26 사건``이라는 중요한 역사적 사건을 맞이하게 된다. 그 후 박정희 정권 시절부터 군대내의 핵심 세력으로 성장한 ``신군부``주도의 ``12·12사태``와 ``5·17쿠데타``를 거쳐서 ``5·18 광주민주화운동``이라는 한국 민주화 운동 사상(史上) 중요한 사건들 중 하나로 평가되는 시기에 이르게 된다. 그리고 1982년 3월 ``부산 미문화원 방화사건``등의 일련의 사건은 80년대 반 미(反美)운동의 도화선이 됨과 동시에 1980년 5월 광주학살에서의 미국의 역할 때문에 한국민의 미국에 대한 인식이 결정적으로 변화하게 된 실체를 보여 준 사건이었다. 이처럼 1980년 5월 광주에서 일어났던 ``역사적 기억``들은 ``신군 부``, ``민중항쟁`` 등으로 기억되는 요소들 이외에 ``미국``이라는 대한민국의 현대 사에서 결코 간과할 수 없는 독립변수를 내포하고 있는 것이다. 그런데 이러한 ``논의의 주체``에 대해 살펴보던 중, 5·18 광주민주화운동과 관련하여 비슷한 것 같으면서도 아주 상반된 삶을 살았던 두 인물에 대한 학문적 호기심(Scholastic Curiosity)을 발견할 수 있었다. ``5·18 최후의 수배자`` 윤한봉(Yoon Han Bong)과``시민군대변인`` 윤상원(Yoon Sang Won)이 바로 그들이다. 이에 본 연구는 5·18 민주화운동과 밀접한 관련을 맺고 있는 이 두 사람이 ``5·18`` 이라는 사건을 통해 느꼈을 법한 지정학적 인식(Geopolitical Perception) 을 바탕으로 미국이라는 존재에 대해 고민해 보는 것을 주 목적으로 한다. 항쟁의 적극적 주체로서 활동했던 윤상원이 그 당시에는 자유민주주의를 외 쳤으나, 자신의 죽음을 통해 진정한 의미를 찾게 되었음과 동시에, 80년5월광 주의 공간에 있지 못한 죄책감으로 힘들어 했던 윤한봉의 사회운동으로 이어졌다는 역설적 상황은 5·18 광주민주화운동 관련인물에 대한 평가의 다양성이라 는 측면에서 접근하고자 했던 필자의 문제제기와 연관성을 가질 수 있다. The year of 1979, the world politics were undergoing upheavals with a series of historic events. The Chinese invasion into Vietnam came on the morning of 17 February 1979 and the Soviet Union attack on Afghanistan took place in the very same year. Korea was no exception. On October 26th, 1979, the President of South Korea, Park Chung Hee and five others including the president`s bodyguard were shot dead by the chief of his intelligence service, Kim Jea Kyu. The Yushin regime was overthrown following President Park`s assassination. After this tragic incident, with rise of the "New Military Regime", a series of historic events such as the 12.12 Military Insurrection, the military coup in 1980 and the May 18 Gwangju Democratic Movement took place in Korea. The Gwangju Democratic Movement, which was first disregarded, is now seen as one of the most important pro-democracy movements. On March, 1982, Korean college students set a fire in the U.S. Culture Center. This served as a catalyst in fueling anti-Americanism among Koreans. It also clearly showed dramatic changes in Koreans` attitude toward the U.S. after America took part in the genocide in Gwangju, a Southern Korean city, in 1980. What happened in the city was not just a reminder of the "New Military Regime" or the uprising against the military government but also the U.S.`s role in the tragic event. While reading books on the subject of the Gwangju democratic movement, I found two different persons who excited my scholastic curiosity. The two, Yoon Han Bong,"the last wanted man involved in the Gwangju democratic movement" and Yoon Sang Won, "a citizen soldier of the movement", led very different lives but shared something in common. The purpose of this paper is to shed new light on the role of the U.S. in the Gwangju democratic movement, based on the two important figures` geopolitical perception in line with the movement. The true meaning of liberal democracy could be found in the death of Yoon Sang Won who dedicated his life to liberal democracy. After all, his strong commitment toward democracy was later carried out by Yoon Han Bong who suffered from the guilt conscience for not participating in the Gwangju democratic movement. The paradoxical link between the two important figures needs to be reexamined in terms of academic diversity.

인공수정시술주기에서 내인성 LH, GnRH Agonist 및 hCG를 이용한 배란유발후 임신율의 비교연구

이종인,허영문,전은숙,윤정임,정구성,홍기언,유승환,이현숙,홍정의,이지삼,Lee, Jong-In,Hur, Young-Mun,Jeon, Eun-Suk,Yoon, Jeong-Im,Jung, Goo-Sung,Hong, Ki-Eon,You, Seung-Hwan,Lee, Hyeon-Sook,Hong, Jeong-Eui,Lee, Ji-Sam 대한생식의학회 1999 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.26 No.3

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the effects of endogenous LH surge, GnRH agonist (GnRH-a) or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) as ovulation trigger on pregnancy rate by intrauterine insemination (IUI). Method: Patients received daily 100 mg of clomiphene citrate (CC) for 5 days starting on the third day of the menstrual cycle followed by human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) for ovulation induction. Follicles larger than >16 mm in diameter were present in the ovary, frequent LH tests in urine were introduced to detect an endogenous LH surge. Final follicular maturation and ovulation were induced by GnRH-a 0.1 mg (s.c.) or hCG $5,000{\sim}10,000$ IU (i.m.) administration except natural ovulation. Pregnancy was classified as clinical if a gestational sac or fetal cardiac activity was seen on ultrasound. Results: There were no differences in age, duration of infertility and follicle size, but more ampules of hMG were used in GnRH-a group compared to hCG 10,000 IU treated group (p<0.05). Lower level of estradiol ($E_2$) on the day of hCG or GnRH-a injection was observed in hCG 10,000 IU group than other treatment groups (p<0.01). The overall clinical pregnancy rate was 19.8% per cycle (32/162) and 22.2% per patient (32/144). Pregnancy rate was higher in natural-endogenous LH surge group (37.5%, 9/24) than GnRH-a (18.8%) or hCG treated group (20.9% & 13.9%), but this difference was not statistically significant. No patient developed ovarian hyperstimulation. Abortion rate was 22.2% (2/9) in hCG 5,000 IU group. Delivery or ongoing pregnancy rate was 37.5% (9/24), 18.8% (3/16), 16.3% (7/43) and 13.9% (11/79) in endogenous LH surge, GnRH-a, hCG 5,000 IU and hCG 10,000 IU treatment groups, respectively. Conclusion: These results support the concept that use of natural-endogenous LH surge in stimulated cycles may be more effective to obtain pregnancies by IUI than GnRH-a or hCG administration.

조사논문 : 한국인의 쇠고기 소비패턴 -거주 국가에 따른 비교분석-

이종인 ( Jong In Lee ),( Zhi Feng Gao ),오경태 ( Kyung Tae Oh ),오송련 ( Song Lian Wu ),신동민 ( Dong Min Shin ),이정숙 ( Jeong Suk Lee ),최종산 ( Jong San Choi ),김희걸 ( Xi Jie Jin ) 한국축산경영학회,농업정책학회(구 한국축산경영학회) 2014 농업경영정책연구 Vol.41 No.4

Koreans prefer Korea beef to imported beef. The volume of imported beef is being increased in Korea. Consumers preference may be changed when they consume the imported beef more. The purposes of this study are to analyze the changes of the Koreans`` preference and perception to Korean beef and imported beef. Koreans who are living in Korea prefer Korean beef to imported beef. However, Koreans who are living in U.S.A. may prefer U.S. beef or keep neutral between the two kinds of beefs. Questionnaire were given to Koreans who were living in Korea and U.S.A. from January to April in 2014. SPSS 18.0 was used for the analyses. T-test was used for comparative analysis by living country about beef and multiple regression analysis was used for analyzing impacts of age and period of reside in United States to quality evaluation about Korean beef and U.S. beef. In the result, Korean consumers had differences in all perception variables about U.S. beef by living country, but hadn``t in Korean beef. And Korean consumers living in Korea and United States evaluated that Korean beef had better quality than U.S. beef. Finally, only period of reside in United States had positive impacts to perception of U.S. beef quality. Korean beef should try to keep high quality and image. Government need to active support and intensive control beef traceability system and origin labeling. Imported beef market may be expanded in the future. So prepare countermeasure for low-grade Korean beef about increasing of the imported beef in Korean market.

낙석방지시설 적용을 위한 팽창메탈의 특성 연구

이종인(Lee Jong-In),정춘교(Jung Chun-Gyo),김성호(Kim Sung-Ho),황영철(Hwang Yeong-Cheol),이승호(Lee Seung-Ho) 한국지반환경공학회 2011 한국지반환경공학회논문집 Vol.12 No.9

산지가 많은 우리나라는 도로 및 철도건설을 위해 사면을 형성하는 구간이 많고, 사계절의 뚜렷한 차이로 인해 해빙기에 암블록의 이완현상 발생과 연평균 강우량의 2/3 정도가 여름철에 집중 발생되는 기후특성이 있으며, 최근 기상이변에 따른 집중호우 등으로 낙석 및 산사태와 같은 도로절개면 붕괴사고가 잦은 편이며, 해마다 장마철이 되면 이와 관련된 사고소식을 매스컴을 통해 쉽게 접할 수 있다. 낙석 발생 시 인명과 재산 피해를 최소화하기 위하여 절개지에 대한 보강공법의 개발 및 현장 적용성에 대한 연구 등이 활발히 이루어지고 있지 않는 실정으로 이에 대한 연구의 필요성이 부각되고 있다. 특히 낙석방지망의 부분적 취약점(일체화가 되지 못함)으로 인해 낙석방지망이 충분한 지지능력을 발휘하지 못하는 문제가 발생됨에 따라 국내에서도 보다 높은 낙석에너지를 지지할 수 있는 낙석방지망에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 낙석방지망의 대체재료로서 팽창메탈의 적용성을 실험적으로 검증하고, 그 특성에 관해 연구해 보고자 하였다. 시험결과 팽창메탈은 우수한 강도와 일체화된 재료특성으로 기존 PVC망에 비해 최대지지하중이 높게 나타났으며, 현장시험의 흡수가능에너지 또한 높게 나타나 낙석방지망의 대체재료로서 활용이 가능한 것으로 판단된다. There are many mountains in Korean Peninsula, and those used for the construction of roads and railways sectors are forming slopes. Slope collapse occurs with falling rocks and landslide because of the relaxation of the thawing rocks. The heavy rain in summer can also significantly contribute to the process, and abnormal climate change is much more influential than before. Therefore, rockfall-related accidents in rainy season are easily accessible in media every year. There has been a lot of research on application of strengthening compensation of the sections in order to minimize casualties and property damage. Rockfall Protection Net, however, has not been focused on much in the field yet. This study highlights the need of Rockfall Protection Net, since it can segregate the falling rocks inside the net relatively safely. Although there has been a little doubt about the effectiveness of rockfall protection facilities, it is obvious that relevant studies dealing with the solidity of the net are necessary for the rockfall protection net to be capable of supporting rockfall energies. As a result, Expanded metal strength is much more durable compared to the PVC coating net, and it is regarded as an excellent alternative material for the Rockfall Protection Net. In this study, the applicability of Expanded Metal as the alternative of Rockfall Protection Net is verified experimentally.

자가골 이식에서 이식골편의 처리방법에 따른 골형성능력 비교

이종일,송하나,김남수,최인혁,Lee, Jong-Il,Song, Ha-Na,Kim, Nam-soo,Choi, In-hyuk 대한수의학회 2007 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.47 No.1

Bone graft had been investigated previously to restore bone defects in orthopedics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy on new bone formation in bone autografts by treatment of implants. Cortical bone autografts were transplanted to midshaft of diaphyseal fibulae of 9 rabbits which were divided in 3 groups according to the treatment method of implants. Cortical bone implants for graft were treated with 3 different methods; freezing, freeze-drying, defat-freezing. Autografts were achieved by cross-transplantation method to bilateral fibulae of the presented rabbits after implant treatment procedures. The grafted regions of fibulae of all groups had been radiographed biweekly for 16 weeks to observe new bone formation and union between donor and recipient bone in the grafted region. Bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) in all groups was evaluated biweekly till the end of the experiment to determine osteoblast activities. Unions of the experimental grafted regions were observed at 83% (5 of 6 cases) of freezing, 17% (1 of 6 cases) of freeze-drying and 67% (4 of 6 cases) of defat-freezing autografts, respectively. BALP was increased over 100% after 2 weeks of graft procedures in all union cases (all cases in freezing group and in defat-freezing group, and 1 of 3 in freeze-drying group, respectively), then gradually decreased from 4 th week of graft to 16 th week. In non-union cases, there is no significant variation in BALP value until the end of experiment. It is speculated that defat-freezing method of treatments of implants is more safe to preserve the osteogenic ability in autograft than freeze-drying method.

화재 원인과 관계자 책임에 관한 사례연구

이종인(Jong-In Lee) 국립소방연구원 2020 소방안전연구 Vol.1 No.1

화재가 발생하면 화재 원인을 규명하기 위해 국가기관이 획일적으로 현장을 감식하여 증거를 수집하고 감정을 통하여 화재 원인을 규명한다. 국가기관의 화재 원인 규명은 결론이 같아야 하고, 다를 경우 정보를 공유하여 사실관계를 증명하여야 한다. 하나의 화재 사례를 분석한 본 연구에 의하면, 화재 원인에 따라 책임 관계가 달라지고 가해자와 피해자로 나뉘기 때문에 정확한 화재 원인 규명을 위해 감식과 감정을 통하여 오류를 최소화할 수 있다. 오류가 있다면 재조사할 수 있는 법령을 제정하여 국민의 억울한 피해가 없도록 하여야 하며, 증명된 증거만으로 화재 원인을 판단하여야 하고, 보충적으로 전문가로 구성된 민, 관, 산, 학이 현장을 조사할 수 있는 화재조사 제도의 도입이 필요하다. In the event of a fire, a national agency inspects the scene, collects evidence, and assesses and identifies its cause. In the investigation of the cause of fire, the state agency involved in the investigation should offer consistent conclusions. In case of conflicting conclusions, the facts of the case must be established by sharing the relevant information. The findings of this study suggest that the responsibilities of the respective parties involved in a fire accident vary depending on the cause of the fire. The cause of the fire also affects the determination of which parties are at fault, and which parties are the victims. Therefore, errors should be minimized through scene investigation and assessment to accurately determine causes of fire. A law needs to be enacted that provide for re-investigation in case of an erroneous investigation. In addition, the cause of a fire should be determined solely based on substantiated evidence. It is also necessary to introduce a fire investigation system in which experts from the public sector, the private sector, the academia, and the industries are allowed to investigate the scenes of fire.

연구논문 : 강간폭로, 순결, 결혼: 재미한인여성들의 사유(思惟)

이종인 ( Jong In Lee ) 한국문화인류학회 2007 韓國文化人類學 Vol.40 No.2

Rape constitutes the most under-reported crime in the United States, particularly among Asian-American women. Unreported rapes impede intervention, victim supports, and the social recognition and information necessary for policy-making. Addressing these problems, this study explores ethnic cultural impediments to Korean-American women`s disclosure of rape, using both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Qualitative data for this study were collected between 1994 and 1999 from in-depth interviews with 36 Korean-American women and three counselors working in Korean-American communities. Quantitative data were collected in May of 2000 from self-administered surveys with 219 Korean-American women. Correlation analyses of the survey data suggest that the women`s concerns about marriage would decrease their likelihood of reporting a rape incident if it occurred. Marital concerns included the possibility of decreasing marriage prospects for single women, and concerns of potential conflicts or even diss olution of marriage, if already married. In contrast, the women`s concerns about security would increase their likelihood of reporting a rape incident if it occurred. The marital concerns reflected the power of ethnic cultural strictures on female sexuality. The women cared about Korean or Korean-American mens` demand for a woman`s untainted virginity and sexual commitment to one husband. The women were also concerned about marriageability, because of the importance of marriage as a providing for a woman`s legitimate sexual expression, child-bearing, security and her social or symbolic status. The power of Korean cultural models was enforced by a set of ideological, institutional, and material conditions. They included Confucian and Christian restrictions on female sexuality and ways of living, preference for intra-ethnic marriage, male-oriented marriage for the purpose of raising a family, and Korean-American women`s ethnic and class statuses. In conclusion, Korean-American women`s likelihood of disclosing a rape incident are discouraged by the masculine ideals emphasizing the value of a woman`s sexual purity in marriage. These findings suggest that social service providers for a Korean-American female rape victim should be sensitive about incorporating her Korean or Korean-American male partner into the process of providing support for the victim. These findings also suggest that it is necessary to change the masculine strictures on female sexuality in order to encourage women to disclose the occurrence of a rape. A new and alternative cultural norm of a Korean American woman`s sexuality would enable her to express her sexual subjectivity.

고립성 폐결절에 관한 임상적 고찰

이종인 ( Lee Jong In ),이상수 ( Lee Sang Su ),원구태 ( Won Gu Tae ),안강현 ( An Gang Hyeon ),이성우 ( Lee Seong U ),백순구 ( Baeg Sun Gu ),김승률 ( Kim Seung Lyul ),용석중 ( Yong Seog Jung ),신계철 ( Sin Gye Cheol ),정순희 ( Jeong 대한내과학회 1993 대한내과학회지 Vol.44 No.2

N/A Background : Because there aremany different reporting results about the etologies of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs), we cannot know the exact incidence of each causative disease. SPNs have a good prognosis relatively even if it is a malignant lesion. In Korea, where there is a high incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis, the differential diagnosis of SPNs should be performed. Methods : Among 351 patients who visited Wonju Chistian Hospital for SPNs in chest x-ray between 1982 and 1989, we evaluated 74 patients in whom the causes of SPNs could be elucidated by sputum AFB study, cytology, histolgic study, chest of solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) seen at the Wonju Christian Hospital from 1982 to 1989. The followings were obtained. 1) The malignancies of SPN 74cases were 25 cases (33.7%). The primary lung carcinomas were 24 cases : The epidermoid carcinomas of these were 11 cases (45.8%), metastasis I case, tuberculoma 42 cases, and the other 7 cases. 2) The age distribution of benign lesions was from 19 to 73 years old with the mean age of 46 years old, and the age distribution of malignancies was from 17 to 77 years old with the mean age of 57 years old. The 23 cases (92.0%) of malignant nodules were more than 40 years old. The malignant frequency of SPN in a group of age more than 40 years old was 40.3% and in a group of age less than 40 years old, it was 11.7%. The malignant frequency was directly proportional to the increase of age(p<0.05). 3) The 3 cases of SPN were detected accidentally during physical up, all were benign. The 14 cases were detected during the evaluation of other diseases, 12 cases were benign. The 23 cases (40%) of 57 cases were symptomatic. Chest pain, dyspnea, and weight loss frequency in a group of less than 3cm in size was 11.9% and in a group of less than 3cm in size, it was 62.5% (p<0.05). 6) Calcifications were noted in 15 cases of 74 cases on the plain films, all were 7 central types, 7 diffuse types and 1 popcorn type. One of malignant cases had calcification on the chest CT scar. Among the 59 cases with non-calcified nodules, 25 cases were malignant (42.3%). The mean Hounsfield Unit of benign lesions was 182.5U and that of malignancies was 94U, there was a statistical difference between both groups(p<0.01). 7) The 21 cases (50%) of tuberculomas were located at the apicoposterior segment of upper lobe or the superior segment of lower lobe, but the 7 cases (28%) of malignancies were located at above sites. 8) The diagnostic accuracy of sputum study was 9.4% and that of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) was 33.3%. The diagnostic accuracy of transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) and transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy (TTNAB) was 57.4%. The percentage of primary lung cancer among SPNs which are larger than 3cm in size, occurring in the age of older than 40 years old and with no calcifications on radiologic examintion should be suspected as malignancies and diagnosed with sputum study, fiberoptic bronchoscopy, TBLB, and TTNAB.