녹색발광 β-SiAlON:Eu 세라믹 플레이트 형광체의 치밀화 소결

박영조,이성훈,장욱경,윤창번,윤철수,Park, Young-Jo,Lee, Sung-Hoon,Jang, Wook-Kyung,Yoon, Chang-Bun,Yoon, Chul-Soo 한국세라믹학회 2010 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.47 No.6

$Eu^{2+}$-doped $\beta$-SiAlONs ($Si_{6-z}Al_zO_zN_{8-z}:Eu_y$) are recognized as promising phosphor materials to build an white LED for lighting application due to its excellent absorption/emission efficiency in the long wave length region. In this research, the fabrication of $\beta$-SiAlON:Eu plate phosphor by sintering was investigated with fixed Eu content(y) and varied composition of the host lattice(z). The addition of the activator $Eu_2O_3$ lead to enhanced densification by forming the transient liquid phase. The refinement of a composition by the calculated lattice parameter indicated that the measured composition of the fabricated specimens is nearly same to that of designed one. The single phase $\beta$-SiAlON:Eu plate with relative density of 96.4% was achieved by addition of 2 wt% CaO, which implies the possibility of full densification by adjusting the processing variables.

치료받지않은 전방십자인대 손상 슬관절의 예후

임홍철(Hong Chul Lim),손원용(Won Yong Shon),이응주(Eung Joo Lee),장욱성(Wook Sung Jang) 대한정형외과학회 1994 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.29 No.1

자색고구마 Anthocyanin 색소의 추출조건 결정

이장욱(Jang-Wook Lee),이향희(Hyang-Hee Lee),임종환(Jong-Whan Rhim),조재선(Jae-Sun Jo) 한국식품영양과학회 2000 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.29 No.5

자색고구마로부터 anthocyanin색소를 추출하기 위한 최적의 추출용매와 추출시간, citric acid의 첨가량 및 추출온도를 결정하였다. 추출용매는 citric acid로 산성화시킨 20% ethanol 수용액이 적합하였으며, 추출시간은 상온에서 약 8~12시간 정도의 추출이 적합하였다. Citric acid의 농도는 0.7%이상 첨가했을 때 추출액의 pH가 3이하를 나타냈으며, citric acid의 농도가 높을수록 추출액의 TOD값이 증가하였으나 citric acid 1%이상의 농도에서는 TOD값의 증가효과가 미미할 뿐만 아니라 최종 색소추출액의 신맛이 강해져 citric acid의 첨가량을 1%로 결정하였다. 추출온도가 높을수록 초기의 추출속도가 증가하였으나 60℃와 80℃의 고온에서 장시간 추출할 경우 색소가 분해되어 추출효율이 줄어들기 때문에 자색고구마 색소의 최적의 추출온도로 40℃가 적합함을 알 수 있었다. To establish the optimum conditions for the extraction of anthocyanin pigment from purple-fleshed sweet potato, a suitable extraction solvent with the optimum citric acid concentration for acidification of the solvent, and the optimum extraction time and temperature were determined. Twenty percent ethanol solution acidified with citric acid was found to be a good solvent for the extraction of the pigment from purple-fleshed sweet potato. About 10 hour extraction at room temperature was appropriate for the extraction. pH of the extract was below 3 when more than 0.7% citric acid was added. The higher the concentration of citric acid added was, the higher the total optical density (TOD) of the extract was. However, the increase in TOD of the extract was insignificant when more than 1% of citric acid was added. Therefore, addition of 1% citric acid was determined for acidification of the extracting solvent. Though the initial rate of the pigment extraction increased as the extracting temperature increased, extraction at higher temperatures of 60 or 80℃ for an extended time caused a decrease in the extraction yield due to degradation of the pigment. The optimum extraction temperature for the anthocyanin pigment from purple-fleshed sweet potato with the solvent used was determined as 40℃.

경찰관의 보안유출범죄 실태분석 및 정책제언 - 경찰부패와의 관계를 중심으로 -

이장욱 ( Lee Jang Wook ) 한국경찰학회 2021 한국경찰학회보 Vol.23 No.4

The purpose of this study is to categorize security leakage crimes by police officers based on their relationship with police corruption, identify the current status, and present effective prevention measures based on the results. To achieve this goal, the court judgments of the security leakage cases over the past four years has been analyzed. As a result of the analysis, it has been found that cases of collusion or quid pro quo (such as bribery) with private companies account for approximately 80 percent of all security leaks by police officers. The security leaks, convicted in the first trial, occurred only in two areas: criminal investigation and public safety. More than half of the police officers who leaked security were working at the police station. Based on these findings, the following policy alternatives were proposed: First, special security measures should be implemented for police officers working in criminal investigations and public safety departments. Second, it is necessary to find ways to use the suspicion of security leaks as clues to investigations into police corruption. Finally, the Criminal Act needs to be amended to enable criminal punishment against citizens who participate in security leakage crimes.

이스라엘-하마스 분쟁의 주요 이슈와 한반도 안보에의 함의

이장욱 ( Lee Jang-wook ) 한국외교협회 2024 외교 Vol.148 No.0

Israel-Hamas conflict raises important issues in terms of security. This paper presents the main issues of the Israel-Hamas conflict as follows: First, Israel’s initial failure in its defense against Hamas attack and the difficulty of defense innovation; second, disagreement over the end state of the war between Israel and the United States; third, the flooding disinformation and countermeasure; fourth, North Korea’s illegal arms exports and local conflict; fifth, the possibility of multiple military conflicts and their impact on the U.S. Indo-Pacific strategy. This paper also presents implications on the security of the Republic of Kore (ROK, South Korea) and alternatives in its response to North Korea’s military threat. First, it is necessary to strengthen the C4ISTAR that enables immediate identification and response to the North’s massive attack in Hamas style. Second, the end state of war would be key issue on the 2nd Korean War. South Korean diplomacy should narrow the gap between ROK-U.S on the end state of war and it also should prevent the third party intervention. Third, to respond to disinformation warfare on the Korean Peninsula, public-private cooperation for the regulation of social media should be sought, and a training and exercise system should be established. Fourth, North Korea’s arms smuggling should be handled in terms of humanitarian and international security and blocking sources for the North’s nuclear armament. Sanctions should be strengthened through various diplomatic channels. Fifth, it is necessary to quickly grasp policy changes such as adjusting U.S. troops stationed abroad and come up with countermeasures in preparation for the possibility of a change in U.S. foreign policy under multiple international conflicts.

냉전의 종식과 약소국 안보: 약소국의 생존투쟁과 PMC

이장욱 ( Jang Wook Lee ) 서강대학교 사회과학연구소 2007 사회과학연구 Vol.15 No.2

자기성찰적 여가 참여와 삶의 만족도 간의 관계 연구

권장욱(Kwon, Jang-Wook),이훈(Lee, Hoon) 한양대학교 관광연구소 2018 觀光硏究論叢 Vol.30 No.3

본 연구목적은 비교와 적응을 억제하는 자기성찰적 여가인 요가와 명상 참여가 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향을 확인하고, 나아가 여가활동 참여와 삶의 만족도 사이에서 자기성찰이 매개역할을 하는지를 검증하고자 하였다. 연구 결과, 명상과 요가 활동 참여는 자기성찰을 구성하는 자기이해와 자기조절에 영향을 미쳤고, 동시에 삶의 만족도에도 영향을 미쳤다. 반면, 자기성찰 중 자기이해는 삶의 만족도에 영향을 미치지 않았고, 자기조절만이 삶의 만족도에 영향을 주었다. 한편, 수정된 구조모형을 통해 분석해 본 결과, 자기이해는 삶의 만족도에는 영향을 미치지 않았지만 자기조절에 영향을 주었고 여가활동 참여와 자기조절을 매개하고 있었다. 따라서 같은 자기성찰을 구성하는 자기이해와 자기조절임에도 불구하고 삶의 만족도에 미치는 역할에 차이가 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이 같은 결과는, 명상과 요가 활동 참여의 경우 먼저 자신에 대한 이해도를 높여주지만 그것이 바로 행복감의 상승으로 연결되지 않으며, 자기이해를 자기조절로 발전시켰을 때에 비로소 행복감이 상승된다는 점을 시사하고 있다. The purpose of the study is to clarify the effect of leisure-activity participation such as mindfulness and yoga activities on life satisfaction, and to verify whether Introspection plays a mediating role between leisure-activity participation and life satisfaction. The results showed that participation in mindfulness and yoga activities had a significant effect on self-awareness and self-regulation of Introspection, and also had a significant effect on life satisfaction. On the other hand, self-awareness did not have a significant effect on life satisfaction, and only self-regulation had a significant effect on life satisfaction. On the other hand, as a result of analyzing through the revised structural model, self-awareness did not affect the life satisfaction but it affected self-regulation and mediated leisure activity participation and self-regulation. Therefore, it was found that there is a difference in the role of life satisfaction in self-awareness and self-regulation. However, in the influence on the satisfaction of life, self-awareness did not directly affect the satisfaction of life, but only played a role as a mediator to raise self-regulation. These results suggest that the participation of mindfulness and yoga activities increases the understanding of oneself first but it does not lead directly to the increase of happiness level and suggests that happiness level can be raised only when self-regulation is strong.

임신 중 음주력과 초·중등 자녀의 ADHD에 관한 연구

이장욱(Jang-Wook Lee),김성곤(Sung-Gon Kim),김지훈(Ji-Hoon Kim),박영민(Young-Min Park),김현경(Hyeon-Kyeong Kim),강성빈(Seong-Bin Kang) 한국중독정신의학회 2015 중독정신의학 Vol.19 No.2

Background and Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between maternal alcohol exposure and ADHD in their elementary and middle school aged off-spring in Pusan, Korea. Materials and Methods : Students from two elementary schools and one middle school in Pusan were selected. Questionnaires were distributed to their mothers. Maternal alcohol exposure during pregnancy was investi-gated using a questionnaire including questions regarding their drinking behavior during pregnancy. The presence of ADHD in their offspring was measured using the Korean ver-sion of DuPaul ADHD Rating Scale (K-ARS). Results : Questionnaires were distributed to 1,060 mothers, including 660 mothers of elementary school students and 400 mothers of middle school students. A total of 927 mothers completed the questionnaires, including 625 mothers of elementary school students and 302 mothers of middle school students. The overall response rate was 87.5%. The response rate in mothers of elementary school students and mothers of middle school students was 94.7% and 75.5%, respectively. The number of offspring whose total score of K-ARS was 19 or more was significantly larger in mothers who drank during pregnancy (p=0.005), particularly, in elementary school students (p=0.015), compared to that in mothers who did not drink during preganacy. Conclusion : Our results suggest that maternal alcohol exposure during pregnancy is related to ADHD in their offspring. Therefore, the risk of maternal alcohol exposure during pregnancy needs to be emphasized.

The RMA of the U.S. and “Doing More with Less”

이장욱(李章旭)(LEE Jang-Wook) 신아시아연구소(구 신아세아질서연구회) 2012 신아세아 Vol.19 No.1

냉전종식 이후 미국은 그 어떠한 적대세력에 대해서도 압도적 승리를 거둔다는 야심찬 국방혁신계획을 수립했다. 또한 자국의 압도적 군사력을 바탕으로 세계안보에 적극적 역할을 수행할 것을 천명하고 국제질서의 안정을 위해 미군을 적극적으로 활용해왔다. 하지만 2000년대에 들어서는 지금의 시점에서 바라볼 때, 미국의 군사력건설은 계획한 결과를 거두지 못하고 있는 것으로 보인다. 1990년대 중반부터 병력 부족 및 전비태세 악화 문제가 미국 내에서 제기되어 왔으며, 2000년대 이라크 및 아프간 전 당시에는 병력문제를 두고 군 내부에서도 반발이 제기되었다. 부시정부 말기에 가면 미국의 전비태세가 베트남전 이래 최악의 상황이라는 보고서도 나오게 되었다. 병력과 관련한 미군의 문제는 이를 지켜보는 사람으로 하여금 의문을 던지게 만든다. 과연 무엇이 세계최강의 군대를 병력부족에 처하게 만들었는가에 대한 것이다. 이에 본 논문은 최고의 군사강국 미국이 처한 병력부족의 원인을 분석하고 미국의 군사혁신이 안고 있었던 문제점과 해결방안 등을 고민해볼 기회를 마련했다. 본 논문은 냉전종식이후 최근 미국이 겪은 군사적 어려움의 원인에 대해 “과도한 병력감축과 이에 더해진 임무증가(Doing More with Less)”에서 찾았다. 냉전종식이후 미국의 군사개혁안은 그 누구도 도전할 수 없는 군사력을 건설한다는 야심찬 내용이었다. 하지만 미 클린턴 정부는 목표달성에 필요한 첨단군사기술 및 전술의 배치 및 적용을 달성하지 못한 상태에서 단 기간내에 급격한 병력감축을 시행했고 여기에 더해 냉전기간 대비 약 3배의 군사임무를 부과하고 말았다. 이러한 과도한 병력감축과 군사임무 부과는 미군으로 하여금 고질적 병력부족 및 전비태세 악화라는 문제를 겪게 만들었고 이라크전 및 아프간전 수행에도 악영향을 미쳤다. 본 논문은 클린턴-부시-오바마 행정부의 군사혁신 추진과정을 통해 미국이 겪고 있는 과도한 병력감축과 임무증가가 발생하게 된 과정 및 그것이 군사력 운용에 미친 영향을 짚어보고 각 행정부에서 이에 대응하기 위해 활용한 방안 및 그 방안이 가지고 있던 한계를 분석해 본다. 이러한 미국의 사례 통해 본 논문은 군사혁신 및 국방개혁에 있어서 전략적 목표와 수단간 조화의 중요성을 강조하고 있으며, 특히 병력운용 및 병역제도 혁신에 있어 신중한 접근이 얼마나 중요한 사항인지를 역설하고 있다. The U.S. military seemed to be at its zenith in the 1990s. The U.S. made a symbolic victory in the first Gulf war and tried to build up its military into “full spectrum dominance.” Many countries followed the United States RMA model. The ambitious U.S. RMA programs were intended to build up the U.S. military into “full spectrum dominance.” However, the U.S. military forces in the beginning of the twenty-first century were not as dominant as was anticipated, but were smaller, over worked and demoralized more than ever. In the Bush administration, U.S. military readiness had deteriorated to levels not reached since the Vietnam War. This type of difficulty has not been analyzed and demands further research. Therefore, this article analyzes the difficulties that the U.S. military has been facing and furthermore it tries to find out the solution to the problem and the implication on RMA. This article analyzes the U.S. military plans and its realities after the end of the Cold War. This research concludes that the U.S. military difficulties came from “Doing More with Less” since the Clinton administration. Drastic personnel reduction and increasing operations created a serious gap between the military’s capabilities and its goals. To solve these problems, the U.S. focused on its capability and considered various alternatives such as increasing active forces, allocating U.S. force to allies and military outsourcing (military commission to private military companies). However, each alternative created additional problems such as resistance from congress, friction with allies or financial burden. Finally, the U.S. took action to recalibrate the size of its forces and military missions. The argument in this article introduces a unique analysis of current U.S. military problems and an implementation of RMA(Revolution in Military Affairs). Finally, this article emphasizes that more importantly than military technology for RMA, appropriate personnel levels are crucial for future military success.

북한의 ‘사실상 핵보유국’ 지위획득 가능성 연구: 기존 사실상 핵보유국 사례를 토대로

이장욱 ( Lee Jang-wook ) 한국외국어대학교 글로벌정치연구소 2017 글로벌정치연구 Vol.10 No.2

This article analyzed North Korea's future options to acquire the status of de facto nuclear state. For analysis, this article examined the cases of current de facto nuclear states as Israel, Pakistan and India and compared the North Korea with current de facto nuclear states. The result of analysis showed more differences than similarities between North Korea and de facto nuclear states. Current de factor nuclear states shares similarity as below; First, they tried to acquire the U.S. approval of their nuclear armament. Second, their nuclear weapons did not threaten the U.S. directly. Third, they had strategic values that the U.S. needed. Forth, they made military-diplomatic efforts to alleviate U.S. security concerns. The North Korea does not share the similarities above except for acquiring the U.S. approval of its nuclear armament. This article argued that North Korea would take the familiar approach of coercion toward U.S. To make this approach happen, the North Korea needs nuclear weapons with longer range and stronger yield. With this, North Korea would try to make a bilateral negotiation with the U.S. -- that is similar to U.S. and former Soviet Union's negotiation in Cuban Missile Crisis. Thus, North Korea would keep on its warhead and ballistic missile test to make the U.S. frightened on the North's nuclear weapons. However, North Korea has an anxiety of the U.S. pre-emption. To avoid the U.S. pre-emption, this article argued that the North Korea could use current de facto nuclear states' approaches as secret negotiation with PRC, demonstration of self-restraint in small military crash and suggestion of North and South Talk including CBMs between North and South Korea.