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기체크로마토그래프법을 이용한 [F-18]FDG의 잔류용매 분석
김동일,이일중,김시활,지용기,석재동,Kim, Dong-Il,Lee, Il-Jung,Kim, Shi-Hwal,Chi, Yong-Gi,Seok, Jae-Dong 대한핵의학기술학회 2011 핵의학 기술 Vol.15 No.2
[F-18]FDG 제조 후 품질관리를 수행하는데 있어서 품질관리 항목 중 잔류용매 시험은 최종 [F-18]FDG 바이알에 잔류하는 유기용매를 측정하기 위한 것이다. 본 연구는 자동합성장치에 따른 최종 [F-18]FDG 바이알에 잔류하는 유기용매의 종류를 파악하고, 잔류량을 측정하고자 하였다. 불꽃이온화 검출기(Flame Ionization Detector)가 장착된 기체크로마토그래프(Agilent Technologies 7890A)를 이용하여 제조 후 일주일 이내의 밀봉 바이알에 보관한 [F-18]FDG를 기체크로마토그래프에 $1.0{\mu}L$ 씩 주입한 후 각 피크영역을 구하였다. FASTlab은 평균이 에탄올 72 ppm, 아세토니트릴 54 ppm, 초산 1030 ppm으로 나타났으며, TRACERlab MX는 평균이 에탄올 439 ppm 및 아세토니트릴 79 ppm이 검출되어 모두 의약품 잔류용매기준의 허용량 이내에 있었다. [F-18]FDG 주사액에 있는 잔류용매는 모두 허용량 이내로 환자검사에 사용하는데 적합하였다. 또한 최종 [F-18]FDG 바이알에 있을 수 있는 초산의 최대 이론량은 1167 ppm으로 따로 검량을 하지 않아도 되는 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과에서는 자동합성장치에 따라 방사성의약품의 잔류용매의 종류 및 양이 다를 수 있음을 보였다. Purpose: The general test method of the Korean Pharmacopeia specifies the test method on the clauses of quality control after manufacturing. According to KFDA Guidance for Medicines, standards of residual solvents regulates the maximum permissible dose of acetonitrile as 400 ppm, ethanol as 5,000 ppm, and acetic acid as 5,000 ppm. This study aims at identifying the type of resiual solvents in the final [F-18]FDG vial of an automatic synthesizer and measure its residual quantity. Materials and Methods: The center carried out residual solvents test of [F-18]FDG injection using Agilent Technologies 7890A with a Flame Ionization Detector. The column of Agilent Technologies 7890A used in measuring of residual solvents was CP WAX column ($30m{\times}0.53mm{\times}1.0{\mu}m$) and analysis condition was split mode 1:1 at the initial temperature $70^{\circ}C$ which was increased $20^{\circ}C/minute$ after two minutes and maintained at the final $140^{\circ}C$ for two minutes. The analysis method was as following: Firstly, ethanol-acetonitrile-acetic acid mixture was classified into four types of concentration (250-25-250 ppm, 1,000-100-1,000 ppm, 3,000-300-3,000 ppm, and 6,000-600-6,000 ppm), and $1.0{\mu}L$ of each type of concentration was injected into gas chromatography followed by an analysis of its peak domain. Then, a calibration-curve by the external standard method was drawn based on the analysis result. Results: While ethanol and acetonitrile were detected in TRACERlab MX, FASTlab had additional acetic acid. The residual quantity of the ethanol-acetonitrile-acetic acid mixture evaluated using the calibration-curve was average 72 ppm ethanol, 54 ppm acetonitrile, and 1030 ppm acetic acid for FASTlab, whereas average 439 ppm ethanol and 79 ppm acetonitrile for TRACERlab MX. This indicated that both of them were within the maximum permissible dose. Conclusion: Solvent residues in the [F-18]FDG injection were all within maximum permissible doses and proper to be used to examine a patient. The result indicated that types and quantities of solvent resides of radioactive pharmaceuticals vary depending on the automatic synthesizer.
Automated radiochemical synthesis of [18F]FET on TRACERlab FX2N module and its quality control
김동현,신은비,이일중,김희정,이교철,김경민,강주현,임상무 대한방사성의약품학회 2021 Journal of radiopharmaceuticals and molecular prob Vol.7 No.2
C-11 Radiolabeled amino acid-based radiopharmaceuticals such as [11C]MET for brain tumor PET imaging have limitations due to their short half-life (20 min). F-18 radiolabeled amino acid derivatives have been developed to overcome for the short half-life, one of which is [18F]FET. Brain tumor imaging using [18F]FET showed high uptake in tumor region and no non-specific uptake in inflammatory tissue, which was useful in discriminating the difference between inflammation and tumor especially. In this study, [18F]FET was synthesized using an automatic synthesis module and quality tests were carried out including enantiomeric purity analysis with reference compounds. Radiochemical yield was 50.3 ± 4.9% (n=7, decay-corrected) with molar activity of 76 ± 17 GBq/mmol. The radiochemical purity of >99%. Enantiomeric purity of [18F]FET using chiral HPLC analysis showed >99%, which was confirmed by co-injection with the L-FET and D-FET authentic standards. [18F]FET was prepared with high radiochemical yield and molar activity including no racemate mixture.
김동욱,김영균,윤영석,홍관수,방병기,이일중 대한신장학회 1988 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.7 No.1
We studied the characteristic clinical findings and the effect of dialysis therapy in 3 cases of hypercatabolic acute renal failure associated with muscle compartment syndrome which was induced by overnight muscle com- pression after drug abuse (phenobarbital, case 1) and carbon monoxide intoxication (case 2,3). The major symptoms of muscle compartment syn- drome in this cases were generalized muscle swelling with extreme tenderness, hypoesthesia, paralysis and aching pain with pallor and coldness in involved limb. Acute renal failrue was characterized by almost anuric hypercatabolic state, red brownish urine without RBC (myoglobinuria) and rapid increase of blood urea nitro- gen. They were treated with immediate dialysis therapy including CAPD, intensive hemodialysis and combined dialysis. Renal functions were all returned to normal eventually, but uremic symptoms and the increase rate of blood urea nitrogen was less severe in intensive hemodialysis cases as compared with CAPD cases (Fig. 1,2,3). Fasciotomy was performed in case 2,3 because of severe muscle compartment sydrome with absent arterial pulsation,but permanent functional defect was remained in case 2 because of delayed fasciotomy. It is concluded that ealry fasciotomy allowed preservation of function of involved limb in muscle comparment syndrome especially in case of carbon monoxide intoxication,and intensive hemodialysis was more useful treatment in hypercatabolic acute renal failure than CAPD.
최이슬,정혜경,우상근,이교철,강서원,이애진,강주현,이일중 대한방사성의약품학회 2021 Journal of radiopharmaceuticals and molecular prob Vol.7 No.2
Meta-iodobenzylguanidine is one of the norepinephrine analogs and reuptakes together with norepinephrine with norepinephrine transporter. The radioiodinated ligand, 123I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine, is the most widely used for single photon emission computed tomography imaging to diagnose functional abnormalities and tumors of the sympathetic nervous system. In this study, we performed cellular uptake studies of 123I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine in positive- and negative-norepinephrine transporter cells in vitro to verify the uptake activity for norepinephrine transporter. After 123I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine was injected via a tail vein into normal mice, Single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography images were acquired at 1 h, 4 h, and 24 h post-injection, and quantified the distribution in each organ including the adrenal medulla as a norepinephrine transporter expressing organ. In vitro cell study showed that 123I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine specifically uptaked via norepinephrine transporter, and significant uptake of 123I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine in the adrenal medulla in vivo single photon emission computed tomography images. These results demonstrated that single photon emission computed tomography imaging with 123I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine were able to quantify the biodistribution in vivo in the adrenal medulla in normal mice.
만성 골수성 백혈병에서 인터페론 및 화학요법의 병용과 화학요법 단독에 의한 치료효과
김동집(Dong Jip Kim),유진홍(Jin Hong Yoo),권혁호(Hyuk Ho Kwan),이일중(Ill Jung Lee),한치화(Chi Hwa Han),박종원(Chong Won Park),김춘추(Choon Choo Kim),김학기(Hak Gi Kim) 대한내과학회 1987 대한내과학회지 Vol.33 No.4
N/A Interferon`s ability to reduce the self-renewal capacity of leukemic Stem cells as well as the exgression of oncogens and to increase natural kilier cell cytotoxicity promptoly made ue study it`s synergistic therapeutic efficacy with chemotherapy on patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia, 29 patients with philadephia ehromos6me positivity had begun the study with protocol consisted with subcutaneous daily dose of 1 or 2 mega unit of interferon alpha and chemotherapy. Among them, 21 were on chronic phase, 8 on ndvaneed disease. 12 patients of chronic phase have had hematological complete response (57.1% ) and 4 of advanced diseases returned to chronic phase again. Also we had selected another 25 patients who have had chemotherapy only as a controls far comparison. Among 25 of them, 22 were on chronic phase, only 3 could enjoy hematological complete response (13,6%). 3 on advanced disease had no response with chemotherapy alone. There has been a significant slowing of the leukocyte doubling time and reduction of the hydroxyurea requirement in interferon responded patients A few (25 %) of them had psrtia1 cytogenetic remission in their bone marrow and peripheral blood. Even if our date is still in immature because of the short period of observation, it give us a speculation that our protocal of combi0ed modality might be another new thereapeutic option for patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia.
정규원(Kyu Won Chung),선희식(Hee Sik Sun),최규용(Kyu Yong Choi),이일중(Ill Jung Lee),한명철(Myung Cheol Han),신상현(Sang Hyun Shin),최상욱(Sang wook Choi),차상복(In Sik Chung),정인식(Sang Bog Cha) 대한소화기학회 1987 대한소화기학회지 Vol.19 No.1
We reported a case of 35-year old man who was diagnosed primary malignant lymphoma in duodenum confirmed by post-operation pathologic diagnosis. He complained of general weakness and epigastric pain. The endoscopy revealed marked duodenitis with necrosis and bleeding of the bulb and the 2nd portion of duodenum. The result of endoscopic biopsy was chronic inflammation with some atypism. The massive upper GI bleeding was developed and Whipples operation was done. The pathologic examination of specimens showed diffuse, well differentiated, lymphocytic malignant lymphoma.