Scope-marking strategies in the acquisition of long-distance wh-movement in L2 English by adult Mongolian speakers

이일재 경희대학교 언어정보연구소 2017 언어연구 Vol.34 No.3

This study investigates whether more economical derivations predate less economical ones in the acquisition of long-distance (LD) wh-movement in second language (L2) English. Production data of LD wh-movement have been elicited from 97 adult Mongolian speakers in Ulaanbaatar. The participants were at the age between 19 and 23 (female = 94, male = 3, mean age = 20), who were classified into advanced and developing groups. While LD wh-movement was infrequently observed, wh-scope marking predominantly emerged, possibly because it dispenses with Internal Merge of the wh-phrase pied-piping Q across the clausal boundary. On the other hand, the developing group depended more on silent-scope marking, possibly because the wh-expletive might not have been available in their lexicon. Moreover, the advanced group initially displaced the least possible elements containing the wh-phrase when attempting to derive LD wh-movement, while the developing group could not even displace any elements but spelled-out the wh-phrase in situ. Overall, economy conditions in language acquisition turns out to govern the Mongolian-English interlanguage; hence, more economical derivations emerge at the onset as long as they are admissible, not necessarily grammatical.

L2 Indirect Object Relative Clause Productions and Minimalism

이일재 한국응용언어학회 2004 응용 언어학 Vol.20 No.2

The current research studies English indirect object (IO) relative clauses as produced by 23 Korean and Japanese adult L2 learners, involving ø-, that-, and wh-relatives. The empirical findings from a cross-sectional elicited production method are as follows: (1) L2 learners with lower proficiency prefer the NoPrep construction, while the PStrand construction is more often opted for by the learners with higher proficiency; (2) the less economical PPiped construction is the least favored IO relative clause for L2 learners across- the-board; (3) a preferred production order among ø-, that-, and wh-relatives does not exist for L2 learners; (4) L2 learners in all proficiency levels produce the NoPrep construction with a wh-operator; and (5) more advanced learners have a bigger inventory of alternative structures for IO relative clauses. To theoretically delve into the properties of IO relative clauses with respect to operator movement and referential co-indexation, the present paper adopts the interpretive rule [Make OP] proposed by Munn (1994) and the Preference Principle by Chomsky (1992). The findings argue that a stylistic variant can always override a more economical output in the interlanguage of the L2 learners who participated in the research (Chomsky, 1998) even though the principle of economy under the minimalist framework expects that the least costly derivation should always be preferred. Furthermore, the prior occurrence of the NoPrep stage points out that some part of the learners’ interlanguage grammar does preferably start from a more economical, minimal option. The research concludes that, following Gass (1989), innateness does not seem to be a sufficient explanation in L2 acquisition. It seems that the L2 grammar only partly appeals to the minimalist framework of UG, at least when producing IO relative clauses.

Crain, Stephen and Rosalind Thornton, Investigations in Unversal Grammar. A Guide to Experimnents on the Acquisition of Syntax and Semantics

이일재 한국응용언어학회 2004 응용 언어학 Vol.20 No.1

A Look at Relative Clause Equivalents in L2 English

이일재 한국중앙영어영문학회 2008 영어영문학연구 Vol.50 No.4

This article addresses erroneous RCs that are semantically equivalent but syntactically ungrammatical due to omission or incompletion of syntactic movement and copy/deletion operations resulted from inconsistent realizations of immature morphosyntactic functional features while L2 syntax is intact. The interpretive rule [Make OP] proposed in Munn (1994) was adopted to analyze the operations in RCs. The presentational amalgam construction, a SUB RC equivalent, was analyzed to be an accidental deletion of the required operator in Spec-CP during the deletion stages. The DO RC with a resumptive pronoun, a DO RC equivalent, occurred by reason of phonological realizations of remnant morphosyntactic features of the variable which were incompletely deleted, but still delivered to Spell-Out. This article attributes both SUB and DO RC equivalents to the immaturity of operator features in Spec-CP. An IO RC equivalent called the NoPrep construction is analyzed as the result of failure to fully realize the functional features of preposition, resulting in the incorporation of the preposition into the verb for remotely licensing the variable. By and large, this article tacitly adopted the position in which the development of syntax is dissociated from the development of morphology (Lardiere, 1998b; Haznedar, 2003; Herschensohn et al., 2005; Lee, 2006), and stressed out that L2 research should investigate the autonomous nature of L2 grammar without respect to the perspectives in target grammar (Bley-Vroman, 1983).

수술 중 거즈를 이용한 간단한 조직 확장법

이일재,박명철,박동하 大韓成形外科學會 2004 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.31 No.3

Head-Internal Relative Clauses Prerequisite for Head-External Relative Clauses

이일재,김홍기 한국외국어대학교 언어연구소 2016 언어와 언어학 Vol.0 No.73

This paper reviewed second language (L2) studies on the acquisition of SOV relative clauses (RCs) in Korean and Japanese as produced by English and Chinese speakers. While acquiring SOV RCs, the learners manifest head errors and reversal errors. The filler-gap dependency claims that the structural distance between the head noun (filler) and the variable (gap) plays a crucial role (Kanno 2007). Therefore, learners must be sensitive to the distance, and must immediately attempt to minimize the distance between filler and gap. This paper argues that such a filler-gap dependency does not exist for direct syntactic relationships. Head errors and reversal errors are rather the failure of the last part of deletion operation during the composite operation of move, copy, and deletion.

서평 해방직후 대구지방의 조공·전평활동과 「야산대」

이일재 역사문제연구소 1990 역사비평 Vol.- No.11

로버트 프로스트의 ‘선택’

이일재 대한영어영문학회 2019 영어영문학연구 Vol.45 No.3

Robert Frost has been loved not only by critics but by general readers as well. He enjoyed an unrivaled popularity with a general readership among twentieth century American poets. This popularity was resulted from his refusal to be a part of the ferment of Modernist. Instead, he chose “the old-fashioned way to be new.” Although he is focusing on the sympathy between nature and humans like Romantist, he interprets the relationship with point of view of his own times. Frost’s speakers mostly feel isolation from nature unlike Romantist. This isolation refers to the isolation modern people feel in their life. He can be “a poet for all sorts and kinds” with his choice to intend to differentiate himself from his contemporaries. For him, poetry can be “a momentary stay against confusion” of life. What he really wants is that his readers feel consolation and get wisdom through his poems.

The Acquisition of Null Prep Constructions and the Missing Surface Inflection Hypothesis

이일재 한국중앙영어영문학회 2007 영어영문학연구 Vol.49 No.2

The Acquisition of Null Prep Constructionsand the Missing Surface Inflection Hypothesis

Effect of Nanofiber Orientation and Annealing on the Structure and Properties of Polyimide Nanowebs

이일재,백두현 한국섬유공학회 2022 Fibers and polymers Vol.23 No.2

Polyimide (PI) nanowebs were prepared by imidization of their precursors, polyamic acid (PAA) nanowebs,fabricated by electrospinning with various process variables, and then subjected to an additional hot drawing process. Theirrandom and uniaxial morphologies of PAA and PI nanowebs could be formed by controlling the collecting roller speed ofelectrospinning apparatus. The SEM image of the PI nanoweb showed that high collecting-roller speed and hot drawingeffectively aligned the nanofibers in the PI nanowebs. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) analysis was performed toinvestigate the crystalline orientation of PI in the nanowebs and confirmed that annealing highly-aligned PI nanowebsimparted enhanced crystallinity of PI nanowebs. We were able to increase the tensile strength of the PI nanoweb from28.6 MPa to 58.4 MPa by raising the collecting roller speed from 250 rpm to 1500 rpm and increased to a maximum of83.2 MPa through an additional hot drawing at 400 °C for 30 min.