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Altered Fine Structure of Amylopectin Is Induced by ExogenousGibberellin During Rice Grain Ripening
이인중,박신영,Sang-Kuk Kim,Sang-Chul Lee 한국작물학회 2006 Korean journal of crop science Vol.51 No.7
When GA4 was applied to heading stage, it was examined to understand the change of plant hormones and starch during grain filling and ripening. Exogenous gibberellin caused a dramatic decrease in endogenous ABA content. Endogenous GA4 content in both superior and inferior part was more promoted in GA4-treated rice grain than in the control. GA1 content of an inferior part was not detected in the control and GA4-treated rice otherwise GA4 was detected in all grain parts. Ripened grain rate in GA4-treated rice grain was lower than that of the control plant. Amylopectin from GA4-treated grain contained more very short chains with degree of polymerization (DP) between 4 and 8 than amylopectin from the control plant. It suggests strongly that fine structure of rice endosperm may be changed by exogenously applied GA4 in rice plants.
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이인중,Soo-Won Jang,Muhammad Hamayun,Eun-Young Sohn,Dong-Hyun Shin,김길웅 한국작물학회 2007 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.10 No.1
Silicon is one of the key elements for healthy growth and development in rice crops. We analyzed the effect of silicon (Si) on some growth parameters, plant mineral contents, and bioactive gibberellins in three rice cultivars. Silicon was applied at the rates of 0 kg/0.1ha (control), 40 kg/0.1ha, and 80 kg/0.1ha throughout the course of experiment. Plant growth parameters were enhanced by the application of elevated Si, though plant height and culm length were more favorably affected than the respective dry weights. The plant mineral contents analyzed also increased except potassium, in all treatments where Si was applied, demonstrating that Si application promotes the absorption of these minerals in rice crops. The endogenous gibberellins measured in our study showed that GA1 is the only bioactive GA form present in rice seedlings. The endogenous GA1 and its precursor GA20 contents increased after Si application. However, this increase in endogenous GA1 and GA20 contents, and plant growth parameters were different according to the rice cultivars. Our results indicate that Si is a beneficial element in rice nutrition and that different cultivars of Oryza sativa show differential responses to Si nutrition in terms of their growth and development. Silicon is one of the key elements for healthy growth and development in rice crops. We analyzed the effect of silicon (Si) on some growth parameters, plant mineral contents, and bioactive gibberellins in three rice cultivars. Silicon was applied at the rates of 0 kg/0.1ha (control), 40 kg/0.1ha, and 80 kg/0.1ha throughout the course of experiment. Plant growth parameters were enhanced by the application of elevated Si, though plant height and culm length were more favorably affected than the respective dry weights. The plant mineral contents analyzed also increased except potassium, in all treatments where Si was applied, demonstrating that Si application promotes the absorption of these minerals in rice crops. The endogenous gibberellins measured in our study showed that GA1 is the only bioactive GA form present in rice seedlings. The endogenous GA1 and its precursor GA20 contents increased after Si application. However, this increase in endogenous GA1 and GA20 contents, and plant growth parameters were different according to the rice cultivars. Our results indicate that Si is a beneficial element in rice nutrition and that different cultivars of Oryza sativa show differential responses to Si nutrition in terms of their growth and development.
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Diurnal Variation in Endogenous Gibberellin Levels of Rice Shoots
이인중 한국작물학회 2007 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.10 No.3
Diurnal changes in levels of endogenous gibberellins (GAs) were investigated in three rice cultivars i.e. Sangjubyeo, Shingeumobyeo (photo-neutral) and Chucheongbyeo (photosensitive). The rice cultivars were grown under a 12-hr photoperiod and endogenous GA levels were assayed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS-SIM) every 3 h for 24 h. The endogenous bioactive GA1 and its immediate precursor GA20 contents were significantly different in both photosensitive and photo-neutral rice cultivars, though less pronounced differences were observed for endogenous GA12, GA53, GA19, and GA8 levels with in the three rice cultivars. The levels of bioactive GA1 and its immediate precursor GA20 were significantly higher in Chucheongbyeo than in the other two cultivars. In Chucheongbyeo, the GA1 contents increased significantly from 11.00 to 17.00 o'clock, thus indicating a correlation with light. In Shingeumobyeo, GA1 contents slightly increased during morning hours, while a similar hike in GA1 contents was observed for Sangjubyeo during evening hours. GA19 was found to be the most abundant GA form in the three rice cultivars. Our results suggested that GA production in rice depends upon the response potential of rice cultivars and that light positively correlated to GA production in photosensitive rice cultivar. Diurnal changes in levels of endogenous gibberellins (GAs) were investigated in three rice cultivars i.e. Sangjubyeo, Shingeumobyeo (photo-neutral) and Chucheongbyeo (photosensitive). The rice cultivars were grown under a 12-hr photoperiod and endogenous GA levels were assayed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS-SIM) every 3 h for 24 h. The endogenous bioactive GA1 and its immediate precursor GA20 contents were significantly different in both photosensitive and photo-neutral rice cultivars, though less pronounced differences were observed for endogenous GA12, GA53, GA19, and GA8 levels with in the three rice cultivars. The levels of bioactive GA1 and its immediate precursor GA20 were significantly higher in Chucheongbyeo than in the other two cultivars. In Chucheongbyeo, the GA1 contents increased significantly from 11.00 to 17.00 o'clock, thus indicating a correlation with light. In Shingeumobyeo, GA1 contents slightly increased during morning hours, while a similar hike in GA1 contents was observed for Sangjubyeo during evening hours. GA19 was found to be the most abundant GA form in the three rice cultivars. Our results suggested that GA production in rice depends upon the response potential of rice cultivars and that light positively correlated to GA production in photosensitive rice cultivar.
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이인중,김길웅,김경민 한국생명과학회 1997 생명과학회지 Vol.7 No.3
수수에서 식물호르몬 에틸렌 생합성은 circadin 리듬 현상을 보인다고 이미 보고된바 있다. 따라서 본 실험은 또 다른 식물호르몬 지베렐린 생합성도 에틸렌과 같은 circadin 리듬 현상을 보이는지를 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 일정기간 동안 12시간 주기의 밤과 낮 조건에서 생육시킨 식물체를 연속광조건으로 옮긴후 매 시간 마다 지베렐린의 함량변화를 조사하였다. 1. GA$_{12}$는 공시한 두 품종 모두에서 뚜렸한 circadin 리듬현상을 보였다. 2. GA$_{53}$과 GA$_{19}$는 일체의 리듬현상을 보이지 않았다. 3. GA$_{20}$과 GA$_{1}$은 circadin 리듬현상을 보였지만 연속광하에서 리듬의 정도는 12시간 주기의 정상적인 일장하에 비해 현저히 감소하였다. 4. 수수의 개화는 원적외선광의 조사에 의해 촉진됨에도 불구하고 이들 처리는 내생지베렐린의 함량을 변화시키지 않았다. The possibility of circadian production of plant hormone gibberellin (GA0 was examined in phytochrome B mutant (plyB-1) and wild-type sorghum. GA$_{12}$, GA$_{20}$ and GA$_{1}$ levels were found to cycle circadianly in both phyB-1 and wild-type. The periods (33 h) of GA$_{20}$ and GA$_{1}$ cycling in constant light were longer than normal photoperiods in both genotypes and typical average free running periods in plants of 22 to 28 h. The biological clock was thus shown to function properly in phyB-1. However, circadian regulation of GAs productions were not clear as compared to circadian ethylene regulation reported by Lee (1996). Although, in sorghum, EOD FR treatment hasten floral inititation, the differences in GA concentrations between treatments and untreated control were generally less dramatic than expected. Thus, it can be concluded that FR does not act primarily by changing absolute levels of GAs but rather by increasing flowering responsiveness to GAs.
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이인중 한국작물학회 2007 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.10 No.4
Gibberellins are growth hormones that play a pivotal role in the growth and development of plants. Present investigations were carried to check the effect of nitrogen (N) and silicon (Si) on bioactive GA1 and its immediate precursor GA20 at different growth stages of two rice cultivars with different maturity traits. It was observed that the endogenous bioactive GA1 level gradually increased during vegetative stage and anthesis stage of both Junghwabyeo (early flowering cultivar) and Daesanbyeo (late flowering cultivar). However, the GA1 and GA20 content start decreasing during the seed filling stage in both rice cultivars, which indicated a possible relationship of bioactive GA1 and floral development. Our results also confirmed that early 13-hydroxylation pathway was operated at all developmental stages of rice plant. Variation in the levels of the endogenous gibberellins in rice shoots were measured by GCMS- SIM using 2H2-labeled gibberellins as internal standards. Combined application of N and Si enhanced growth parameters and reduced lodging index of both rice cultivars. It was thus concluded that the level of physiologically active GA1 increased during vegetative and early reproductive stage, but starts declining at seed filling stage. Gibberellins are growth hormones that play a pivotal role in the growth and development of plants. Present investigations were carried to check the effect of nitrogen (N) and silicon (Si) on bioactive GA1 and its immediate precursor GA20 at different growth stages of two rice cultivars with different maturity traits. It was observed that the endogenous bioactive GA1 level gradually increased during vegetative stage and anthesis stage of both Junghwabyeo (early flowering cultivar) and Daesanbyeo (late flowering cultivar). However, the GA1 and GA20 content start decreasing during the seed filling stage in both rice cultivars, which indicated a possible relationship of bioactive GA1 and floral development. Our results also confirmed that early 13-hydroxylation pathway was operated at all developmental stages of rice plant. Variation in the levels of the endogenous gibberellins in rice shoots were measured by GCMS- SIM using 2H2-labeled gibberellins as internal standards. Combined application of N and Si enhanced growth parameters and reduced lodging index of both rice cultivars. It was thus concluded that the level of physiologically active GA1 increased during vegetative and early reproductive stage, but starts declining at seed filling stage.
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