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동결액에 첨가된 macromolecule 및 EGF, FGF가 vitrification 법으로 동결한 소 수정란의 체외생존성에 미치는 영향
이은송,후쿠이 유타카,Lee, Eun-song,Fukui, Yutaka 대한수의학회 1998 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.38 No.2
Cryopreservation of embryos by vitrification is a simple method to preserve bovine embryos for subsequent embryo transfer, but embryonic viability after vitrification has been inconsistent and low compared with conventional slow freezing. The aim of the present study is to examine the effect of serum or serum albumin in a vitrification solution and epidermal growth factor(EGF) or fibroblast growth factor(FGF) on in vitro viability of bovine blastocysts frozen by vitrification. Bovine blastocysts were produced by in vitro maturation, fertilization of follicular oocytes and culture of embryos in a synthetic oviduct fluid medium(SOFM) containing BSA and 19 essential and nonessential amino acids. Blastocysts with excellent or good morphology were selected at 7 or 8 days after culture and utilized for vitrification. In experiment 1, blastocysts were vitrified in a solution containing semi-fetal calf serum(SFCS) or BSA(5 or 10mg/ml) and then their subsequent viabilities were examined by culturing thawed embryos in a SOFM containing BSA and 19 amino acids. Effect of EGF or FGF added to a SOFM containing polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) on the viability of vitrified-thawed blastocysts was investigated in experiment 2. BSA added at 5 or 10mg/ml to a vitrification solution showed significantly higher(p < 0.05) developmental rate to expanded and hatching blastocysts than SFCS, but there was no significant difference in the developmental rate to hatched blastocysts after thawing. Supplementation of a culture medium with EGF and/or FGF significantly increased(p < 0.05) embryo development to expanded blastocysts compared with control but showed no beneficial effect on the development to hatching or hatched blastocysts. Coculture of thawed embryos with granulosa cells in a TCM 199 containing 10% fetal calf serum(FCS) showed the highest developmental rate to expanded, hatching and hatched blastocysts among the groups tested. In conclusion, supplementation of a vitrification solution with BSA at 5mg/ml and culture of thawed blastocysts in a medium containing EGF and/or FGF can improve in vitro viability of bovine blastocysts frozen by vitrification.
젖소 동결수정란의 비외과적 이식에 있어서 수정란의 상태 및 이시조건이 수태율에 미치는 영향
이은송,조충호,황우석,Lee, Eun-song,Jo, Choong-ho,Hwang, Woo-suk 대한수의학회 1989 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.29 No.3
This study was performed to investigate the effects of stage and quality of embryo, synchrony between donor and recipient and difficulty of transfer on pregnancy rate following non-surgical transfer of frozen-thawed bovine embryos. The results were as follows; 1. The overall pregnancy rate of this experiment was 63.4% and that of heifers(73.1%) was higher than that of cows(46.7%). 2. The pregnancy rates of recipients transferred with morulae, early blastocysts and blastocysts were 50.0%, 64.7% and 71. 4%, respectively. 3. The pregnancy rate of recipients transferred with good embryos(67.9%) was higher than that of recipients transferred with fair embryos(53.8%). 4. The pregnancy rates of embryos transferred to left and right uterine horn were 63.2% and 63.6%, respectively. 5. The pregnancy rate of recipients in estrous synchrony 0(76.2%) was higher than those of recipients in synchrony -1(55.6%) and +1(44.4%). 6. The pregnancy rate of recipients transferred with 2 embryos (71. 4%) was higher than that of recipients transferred with 1 embryo(61.8%). 7. The pregnancy rate of embryos transferred to uterine tip (72.0%) was higher than that of embryos transferred to uterine base(50.0%). 8. Ease of transfer was ranked to a scale of one to three on the basis of increasing difficulty. Transfers ranked as ease score 1 accounted for 77.8% of pregnancies and had higher pregnancy rate than ease score 2(66.7%) or 3(45.5%). 9. The pregnancy rate of recipients with excellent corpus luteum(CL) (70.0%) was higher than those of recipients with good CL(61.1%) or fair CL(61.5) %. In reviewing above results, it was considered that the factors such as embryo stage, embryo quality, estrous synchrony, corpus luteum quality, transfer site within uterus, recipient's parity and ease score affected the pregnancy rate after non-surgical transfer of frozen-thawed bovine embryos.
KSLT, TCLP 및 단계별용출법을 이용한 국내 산업시설부산물의 용출특성 평가
이은송 ( O Eun-song Lee ),백승기 ( Seung-ki Back ),성진호 ( Jin-ho Sung ),이주찬 ( Joo-chan Lee ),김정훈 ( Jung-hoon Kim ),( Ahm Mojammal ),장하나 ( Ha-na Jang ),서용칠 ( Yong-chill Seo ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2017 한국폐기물자원순환학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.2017 No.-
수은의 노출로부터 국민의 건강과 환경을 보호하기 위해 국제수은협약이 2013년도에 채택되었다. Article 9에서는 토양, 수계 및 폐기물로 배출되는 수은의 관리를 요구하고 있으며, 수은 오염 폐기물의 처리에 대한 중요성이 증대되고 있다. 국내 폐기물은 용출시험기준치 만족 여부에 따라 지정폐기물로 분류되고 있으며, 이는 대부분 매립처분되는 것으로 조사되었다. 불안정한 형태로 결합되어 있는 수은화합물은 용매의 pH조건에 따라 용출되며, 매립지 환경으로 유출될 것으로 예상된다. 따라서 용출시험기준은 폐기물에 함유된 불안정한 형태의 수은화합물을 검출하는 역할을 수행해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 국내 산업시설 배출 폐기물을 대상으로 폐기물용출시험법(KSLT)과 TCLP 및 단계별 용출법(SEP)을 적용하여, 용매의 pH와 시험방법에 따른 수은화합물 용출특성을 비교분석하였다. 산업시설부산물(폐슬러지 (S1), 폐토사 (S2), 비산재 (S3))을 대상으로 3가지 시험법을 적용하였다. 5단계로 구성된 SEP를 적용하였으며, 각각 증류수(1단계), 0.1M CH<sub>3</sub>COOH+0.01M HCl(2단계), 1MKOH(3단계), 12M HNO<sub>3</sub>(4단계) 및 Aqua regia(5단계)를 용출용매로 사용한다. EPA Method 7470A를 적용하여 용출시험액의 수은 농도를 분석하였다. 1,2 단계에서 용출되는 수은화합물은 불안정한 형태로써 환경으로 쉽게 유출되는 것으로 알려져 있다. S1의 경우, KSLT 및 TCLP 용출액 수은농도는 각각 0.012 mg-Hg/L 및 0.194mg-Hg/L으로 분석되었다. 또한, SEP 1단계 0.013 mg-Hg/L, 2단계 0.167 mg-Hg/L로 분석되었다. SEP 1단계와 KSLT(pH 5-6) 그리고, 2단계와 TCLP(pH 2)의 결과값의 비교를 통해 pH가 용출에 중요한 영향을 미치는 인자임을 확인하였다. 해당시료는 KSLT의 기준치를 초과하여 지정폐기물로 분류되나, TCLP 기준치를 만족하는 것으로 확인되었다. 이를 통해 용출시간, 교반방법 및 고액비 등의 시험인자가 수은화합물의 용출에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었으며, 두 시험법의 직접적인 비교는 적절하지 않은 것으로 판단된다.
폐기물 소각시설 비산재의 함량-용출 상관관계 도출을 통한 수은화합물 안정도 평가
이은송 ( Eun-song Lee ),백승기 ( Seung-ki Back ),조수진 ( Soo-jin Cho ),김기헌 ( Ki-heon Kim ),서용칠 ( Yong-chill Seo ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2019 한국폐기물자원순환학회지 Vol.36 No.7
This study provides the correlation between mercury (Hg) content and leachate concentration of fly ash (FA) from waste incinerators: a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) and a medical waste incinerator (MWI). In addition, the stability and leaching characteristics of Hg were estimated to develop stabilization treatment technology for hazardous waste having the leachate Hg concentration as 0.005 mg-Hg/L based on the waste management law in Korea. As a result of a sequential extraction procedure consists of five-steps, FA (MSWI) and FA (MWI) contained mainly unstable mercury compounds with high solubility or sensitive to changes in pH. The major constituents were found to be Ca, Fe and Si by the x-ray fluorescence analysis. The high alkalinity ([Ca]/[Si]) could affect the conversion of Hg compounds to amphoteric ions, then could contribute to the increasing of F3 fraction from the sequential extraction procedure. Fe could affect oxidation of Hg and increasing the production of HgO. These factors could affect the increase in mobility of Hg compounds in fly ash; spraying lime (Ca(OH<sub>2</sub>) in air pollution control devices also could affect the high mobility of Hg compounds. Therefore, the development of control technology (e.g. stabilization) of discharged fly ash by considering the chemical properties and stability.
국내 시판 일부 구강 양치액의 Streptococcus mutans 바이오필름 형성 억제 효과
이은송 ( Eun Song Lee ),강시묵 ( Si Mook Kang ),김은우 ( Eunu Kim ),권호근 ( Ho Keun Kwon ),김백일 ( Baek Il Kim ) 대한예방치과·구강보건학회 2011 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.35 No.3
Objectives. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the inhibitory effects of several commercially available antibacterial oral rinses on S. mutans biofilm formation. Methods. In this study, four commercial oral rinses produced in Korea containing different antibacterial substances (benzethonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, chlorhexidine, and essential oil) were selected for assessment. Sterile distilled water and 0.1% chlorhexidine solution were used as a negative and a positive control, respectivery The planktonic S. mutans (107 CFU/ml) was mixed with the experimental oral rinses for 1 minute and the live cells were counted as a colonies forming unit (CFU). Also, the antibacterial effect of oral rinses were tested by a S. mutans biofilm model with the artificial saliva, THYE medium, and hydroxyapatite (HA) discs. The S. mutans biofilm was formed on an HA disc coated with artificial saliva for 64 hours. The medium was replaced every 24 hours, and the cultured biofilm was treated with each oral rinse for either 1 or 5 minutes, 3 times a day for two days. Also, the number of live cells in the biofilm were counted and denoted as CFU. Results. All four commercial oral rinses elicited significant antibacterial effects on planktonic S. mutans, showing more than 99% of CFU reduction. However, only Hexamedine oral rinse primarily composed of chlorhexidine exhibited a significant antibacterial effect on S. mutans biofilm. Conclusions. The antibacterial effects of the commercial oral rinses were less pronounced in biofilm than in the planktonic cells, and they varied among different products.