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중추신경계 질환 진단에 있어서의 발암태생항원과 알파태생단백 측정의 의의
이원혁,박중겸,조해동,유영락,김남규,정환영 대한신경외과학회 1982 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.11 No.4
Carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) in blood and CSF was reported to be increased in cases of nervous system neoplasms by some investigators. To evaluate the oncological diagnostic value of CEA in the neurosurgical conditions, this study has been performed on 24 nervous system neoplasms and 8 non-nervous system as well as 49 controls. In addition, alpha-fetoprotein was also measured on the same conditions because of its close oncologic nature and recent diagnostic application on the general surgical conditions. The CEA concentration in blood and CSF were determined by CEA Rdioimmunoassay kit, and the alpha- feteprotein in blood and CSF were determined by GammaDab kit. The result showed that concentration of CEA and alpha-fetoprotein was higher and seemed to diagnositc in Extra-CNS neoplasma. In nervous system, however, these were the lower than we expected, although were higher than control. Moreover, these levels were not unique on same oncologic condition and rather somewhat variable. From these results, increased concentration of these itself may be considered suggestive of existence of nervous system neoplasm, but it does mean neither degree of malignancy nor its origin.
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갈릴레이와 세극등 빛간섭단층촬영기로 측정한 전안부계측치의 반복성 및 비교
이원혁,황영훈,김세종,이상목,유정권,김용연,이주화,Won Hyuk Lee,Young Hoon Hwang,Se Jong Kim,Sang Mok Lee,Chungkwon Yoo,Yong Yeon Kim,Joo Hwa Lee 대한안과학회 2011 대한안과학회지 Vol.52 No.1
Purpose: To evaluate the repeatability and comparability of anterior chamber depth (ACD) and central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements obtained by Galilei dual Scheimpflug analyzer (Ziemer, Port, Switzerland) and slit-lamp optical coherence tomography (SL-OCT; Heidelberg Engineering, Dossenheim, Germany). Methods: ACD and CCT were measured by Galilei and SL-OCT in 68 eyes of 68 healthy young subjects. Each measurement was performed 3 times by a single examiner, and the repeatability of 3 consecutive measurements was analyzed. ACD and CCT measurements were compared between the 2 devices. Results: Both Galilei and SL-OCT showed high repeatability (ICCs ≥ 0.994) for ACD and CCT measurements. The mean ACD and CCT measured by Galilei were greater than SL-OCT measurements by 0.11 ± 0.09 mm and 14.01 ± 7.38 μm, respectively. The 95% limit of agreement values for ACD and CCT measurements were 0.36 mm, 27.66 μm, respectively, and were highly correlated (correlation coefficients ≥ 0.89, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Although the repeatability of each device was high, ACD and CCT obtained by Galilei and SL-OCT were significantly different. These differences should be considered when interpreting ACD and CCT measurements obtained by the 2 devices. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2011;52(1):53-59
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홉스의 자연상태와 주체로서 생명 - 개념어 중심 철학사 교양과목 강의를 위한 개념어 연구 -
이원혁 경희대학교 후마니타스 교양교육연구소 2021 후마니타스 포럼 Vol.7 No.2
The natural state was a strange concept in both the Greek-Roman tradition and the Christian tradition. Both Eden and the Golden Age, the first human society, had sovereign authority and law. The state of nature is a concept established by the modern social contract theory, but traces of it can be found in the flow of philosophical history. In Greece, in Epikouros and Cicero's contract theory, it is possible to infer the natural state as the premise of the contract from the point of establishing a state through a social contract. In addition, according to the interpretation of Epikouros' atomic theory from Marx's Hegel's point of view, we can found the sprout of the modern existence of Hobbes' natural state in that ‘an atom relates to itself through denial of its own relative existence and is in an existential confrontation with the other'. Aquinas in the Middle Ages asserted or regarded the concept of evil as the lack of being. Since non-existence cannot exist by itself, it is a subject of deprivation and falls into evil. Hobbes' natural state is an ontological space in which beings reconstitute coexistence with the other through the denial of their own Accident that being is a power relationship. Heidegger talks about the deviation of exist, be from exist of being through abandonment of exist. It is said that being has been thrown out of exist, but this is not a decline, but the first history of being itself. Hobbes' natural state is also miserable and blessed by his non-being. The natural state opens the chapter where the modern subject can self-realize through its non-being. At this time, the subject secures universality through the natural state at the point where Descartes' cogito failed, that is, the failure to secure clarity according to dualism. Hobbes' material cogito gains the power to spatialize the natural state and reconstruct the objective world through the phenomenological turn. 자연상태는 그리스·로마적 전통과 기독교전통 모두에서 낯선 개념이었다. 최초의 인간사회인 에덴과 황금시대 모두 주권적 권위와 법이 있었다. 자연상태는 근대 사회계약론에 이르러 확립된 개념이지만 철학사적 흐름 속에서 그 흔적을 찾아볼 수는 있다. 그리스에서는 에피쿠로스와 키케로의 계약이론에서 사회계약을 통한 국가의 성립이라는 지점에서 계약의 전제로서 자연상태에 대해 유추할 수 있다. 또한 에피쿠로스의 원자론을 맑스의 헤겔적 관점에서 해석에 따르면 ‘원자가 자신의 상대적 실존의 부정을 통하여 자신과 관계하며 타자와의 실존적 대립’을 한다는 점에서 홉스 자연상태의 근대적 실존성의 맹아를 보게 된다. 중세의 아퀴나스는 악의 개념은 결핍의 상태이다. 비존재는 그 자체로 존재할 수 없기 때문에 결핍상태의 주체로 악에 빠져있다. 홉스의 자연상태는 이런 결핍의 상태로 존재자가 권력관계라는 자신의 우유성의 부정을 통하여 타자와 공존을 재구성하는 존재론적인 공간이다. 하이데거는 존재의 내버림을 통해 존재자의 존재로부터 일탈을 이야기한다. 존재자는 존재로부터 내쳐졌지만 이는 전락이 아니라 존재 자체의 제1역사라고 말하다. 홉스의 자연상태 역시 그가 가진 비존재성으로 인해 비참함과 복됨을 동시에 가진다. 자연상태는 자신의 비존재성을 통해 근대적 주체의 자신실현의 장을 열어준다. 이때 주체는 데카르트의 코기토가 실패한 지점, 즉 이원론에 따른 명증성 확보 실패를 자연상태를 통하여 보편성을 확보한다. 홉스의 유물론적 코키토는 현상학적 전회를 통하여 자연상태를 공간화시키고 객관세계를 재구성하는 힘을 얻는다.
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