State Industrial Promotion and Law

이용식 한국제도∙경제학회 2019 제도와 경제 Vol.13 No.3

This paper examines state industrial promotion in the context of ‘law and development’. Economists have argued since the 18th century on the economic efficiency of government involvement in the economy. While state-led development policies in some of the most successful development cases, such as South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, and more recently, China, have been effective, many have doubted the wisdom of government involvement in the economy. Where the availability of information is limited and the financial market is imperfect (which are the inherent conditions of less-developed countries), the government can provide useful initiatives in productive industrial pursuits, as demonstrated in the cited successful development cases. Adoption and management of industrial promotion policies are indeed a hallmark of developmental states. However, industrial promotion by the state, which might be useful in the early stages of economic development, may not be sustained indefinitely, and at some point those industries promoted by the state would have to sustain themselves in the market environment without continuing government support. This paper attempts to clarify the conditions for successful state industrial promotion as well as the legal frameworks that enable the government to provide effective assistance to meet the development needs, which may vary in different stages of economic development. In the legal analysis, the paper applies the recently-developed “General Theory of Law and Development”.

Disciplinary Sport Administration / Management : 체육행정의 연구동향과 학문적 과제에 관한 고찰

이용식,김종필 ( Yong Sik Lee,Jong Pil Kim ) 한국체육학회 1996 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.1996 No.2

참조연계 서비스 구현을 위한 참고문헌 식별자 매칭 시스템

이용식,이상기,Lee, Yong-Sik,Lee, Sang-Gi 한국과학기술정보연구원 과학기술정보센터 2010 Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice Vol.41 No.3

서로 다른 정보자원 간의 연결을 의미하는 참조연계 서비스를 위해서는 참고문헌 데이터베이스 구축과 식별자 매칭 작업이 필요하다. CrossRef, PubMed, Web Of Science 등의 많은 해외 기관들은 Inera의 eXstyles, Parity Computings의 Reference Extractor 등의 자동화 도구들을 이용하여 DOI, PMID 등의 식별자를 기반으로 하는 참조연계 체제를 구축하였다. 국내에서도 한국과학기술정보연구원, 한국연구재단 등의 여러 기관에서 참고문헌 데이터베이스를 구축하고 있다. 그러나 각 단체별로 채택하고 있는 다양한 참고문헌 기술 형식 때문에 망라적인 데이터베이스 구축은 많은 어려움에 직면해 있다. 이에 참고문헌을 자동으로 파싱하여 메타데이터를 추출하고, DOI, PMID, KOI의 식별자를 매칭하는 Citation Matcher 시스템을 개발하여 참고문헌 데이터베이스 구축의 효율성을 향상시키고자 한다. A reference linking service that is connection of each other different information resource need to setup the reference database and to match identifier. CrossRef, PubMed and Web Of Science etc. the many overseas agencies developed reference linking service, that they used the automatic tools of Inera eXstyles, Parity Computings Reference Extractor etc. and setup in base DOI and PMID etc. Domestic the various agencies of KISTI(Korea Institute Science and Technology of Information), KRF(Korea Research Foundation) etc are construction reference database. But each research communities adopts a various reference bibliography writing format. As, the data base construction which is collect is confronting is many to being difficult. In this paper, We developed the Citation Matcher System. This system is automatic parsing the reference string to metadata and matching DOI, PMID and KOI as Identifier. It is improved the effectiveness of reference database setup.

퇴계학(退溪學) 혹은 학퇴계(學退溪)의 사이

이영호 ( Lee Young-ho ) 한국공자학회 2022 공자학 Vol.48 No.-

퇴계와 그의 제자들의 이야기를 담고 있는 언행록을 보면, 퇴계는 자신이 깨우친 진리와 알고 있는 지식을 최선의 언어를 통해 전달하고자 애쓴 흔적이 역력하다. 여기에서 퇴계의 학문과 퇴계를 배우고자 하는 제자들 사이의 맥락, 즉 퇴계학(退溪學)과 학퇴계(學退溪)의 양상이 형성된다. 퇴계학은 유학의 기본 이념인 내성외왕(內聖外王), 수기치인(修己治人)의 길을 함유하고 있다. 제자들은 퇴계학을 배우면서, 내성(內聖)으로 치우치거나 혹은 외왕(外王)의 의미를 부각시키려고 하였다. 이덕홍(李德弘)은 내성에 치우쳐서 퇴계학을 수용하였다. 특히 ‘경(敬)’ 사상에서 윤돈(尹焞)의 주장을 중심으로 그 내성학(內聖學)을 궁구하였다. 퇴계 또한 『심경부주』를 중심으로 유학의 내성학에 몰입하였기에, 사제간의 학문연마는 매우 구체적이고 열정적이었다. 그런데 이러한 내성 지향은 자칫 외왕의 소홀로 이어질 여지가 있다. 이에 정구(鄭逑)는 외왕에 중심을 두고서 퇴계학을 수용하였다. 영남퇴계학이 전자를 중심으로 하였다면, 근기퇴계학 즉 실학은 후자에 근거를 두고 있다. 이는 ‘학퇴계’의 분기가 조선후기 학술사의 다양화를 구축하는 관건으로 작용하였음을 의미한다. Looking at the words and deeds that contain the story of Toegye and his disciples, it is evident that Toegye tried to convey the Truth and knowledge he had learned through the most appropriate expression. Here, the context between the study of Toegye and the students who want to learn Toegye, that is, the aspects of Toegyehak(退溪學) and Haktoegye(學退溪), are formed. Toegye-hak contains the basic ideology of Confucianism which is the path of Naeseongwaewang(內聖外王) and Sugichiin (修己治人). While learning the study of Toegye, the disciples either leaned toward Naeseong(內聖) or tried to emphasize the meaning of Waewang(外王). Yi, Deok-Hong(李德弘) accepted the study of Toegye because he was biased toward Naeseong(內聖). In particular, in the thought of Gyeong(敬), he searched for the study of Naeseong(內聖) with focusing on Yun Don's argument. Since Toegye also immersed himself in the study of Naeseong(內聖) of Confucianism, with focusing on Shimkyungbuju, the academic training between master and disciple was very specific and passionate. However, leaning toward Naeseong(內聖) may lead to neglect of Waewang(外王). Accordingly, Jeong Gu(鄭逑) accepted the study of Toegye with a focus on Waewang(外王). While the study of Yeongnam Toegye focused on the former, the study of Geungi Toegye, or Silhak, was based on the latter. This means that the divergence of Haktoegye(學退溪) acted as a key to diversifying the academic history of the late Joseon Dynasty.

업체탐방-현대기계

이용식,Lee, Yong-Sik 한국발포스티렌재활용협회 2006 환경사랑 Vol.45 No.-

알긴산소오다 함량이 실험적 알지네이트 인상재의 압축변형율, 탄성회복율 및 압축강도에 미치는 영향

이용식,최부병,이성복,Lee Yong-Sik,Choi Boo-Byung,Lee Sung-Bok 대한치과보철학회 2003 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.41 No.2

The purpose of this study was to search the influences of the increase of the contents of sodium alginate in the experimental alginates on the some mechanical properties. 3 commercial alginates were selected for the purpose of comparison of the results of experiments. 7 experimental alginates were manufactured with the rise of contents of sodium alginate from 8.8% to 18.3% with the decrease of contents of diatomaceous earth and with the constant contents of calcium sulfate 12.5%. sodium phosphate 2.2%, zinc fluoride 2.0%. Splitable metal mold with 12.5mm diameter and 20.0mm height was filled with mixed alginate to prepare the cylinder shaped specimens. Strain in compression, elastic recovery, compressive strength were tested using the ISO specification number 1563, alginate impression material. Experimental groups were 7, and 10 specimens were used for each test items and each groups. Following results were obtained ; 1. Strain in compression was decreased with the increase of sodium alginate contents (p=0.0077, r2 = 0.6302). 2. Elastic recovery was decreased with the increase of sodium alginate contents but was not significant(p=0.0639, r2=0.7449). 3. Compressive strength was increased with the increase of sodium alginate contents (p<0.0001, r2 = 0.9617). These results mean that the increase of sodium alginate contents make alginate harder but may result the increased permanent deformation.

전치 유도각의 인위적 증가에 의한 저작근과 하악 운동 양상의 변화에 대한 연구

이용식,최부병,Lee, Yong-Sik,Choi, Boo-Byung 대한치과보철학회 1998 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.36 No.2

This study was performed to measure the changes of the mandibular movement and the masticatory muscular activities - anterior temporal and masseter muscle of both side - reflected by intentional increase of anterior guidance angie. For this study, 5 volunteers (3 males and 2 females with average age of 24.0) were selected. Each volunteer had Angle's classification I and did not have any missing tooth except third molar and any extensive restorations. Metallic guide plate was made at volunteer's working model fabricated by improved dental stone and cemented to the palatal surface of maxillary central incisor using resin cement(Panavia $21^{(R)}$) and then adjusted not to give any occlusal interferences at intercuspal position. The activity of masticatory muscles and the changes of mandibular movement were recorded by EMG and Sirognathograph in Biopak analysing system(Bioresearch Inc., Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA). Measurement was done at before experiment, immediatley after placement, 1 week after placement, immediately after removal, and 1 week after removal. The results were as follows: 1. Moderate phonetic disturbance and mild headache were occured to 3 volunteers for 2 days after setting and 1 volunteer had positive reaction to percussion and slight midline diastema. But all of these clinical signs were diappeared 1 week after removal and the other volunteer did not have any special clinical sign. 2. In the EMG of the mandibular rest position, the mean value of anterior tempotal muscle was increased immediately after placement(p<0.01) and then decreased 1 week after placement(p<0.05) and increased 1 week after removal(p<0.05) but not recovered as before experiment. The mean value of masseter muscle was decreased during the experiment period. 3. In the EMG during mandibular protrusive movement, all muscular activity was decreased during the experiment period. Reduced activity was not recovered 1 week after removal(p<0.03). 4. During the habitual opening, anteroposterior movement of mandible was decreased immediately after placement(p<0.05) and then increased 1 week after placement but not statistically significant(p>0.1). Vertical movement was not shown significant difference during the experiment period(p>0.1). Lateral movement was decreased immediately after placement(p<0.05) and then increased 1 week after placement but not recovered as before experiment. The opening and closing velocity of mandible was shown minor changes but not statistically significant. 5. During the habitual opening, anteroposterior movement of mandible was decreased 1 week after placement(p<0.05) and then increased immediately after removal and recovered 1 week after removal as before experiment. Vertical movement was not shown significant changes. Lateral displacement of mandible was increased continuously and recovered 1 week after removal. Opening velocity was temporarily increased immediately after removal but recovered and closing velocity was not shown significant changes. 6. During the right side chewing, anteroposterior movement of mandible was increased immediately after removal but recovered and vertical movement was not shown statistically significant results. Lateral displacement and velocity of mandible were not shown significant results. 7. During the left side chewing, the changes of mandibular movement pattern were not shown statistically significant results.

급성 후방십자인대 손상 환자에서 조기 재건군과 지연 재건군의 결과 비교

이용식,이수원,서병호,김윤기,Lee, Yong Sik,Lee, Soo Won,Seo, Byung Ho,Kim, Yoon Gi 대한관절경학회 2013 대한관절경학회지 Vol.17 No.1

목적: 급성 후방십자인대 손상 환자에서 조기 재건술과 지연 재건술 간의 관절 강직 발생 정도와 임상적 결과를 비교하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2008년 3월부터 2011년 10월까지 급성 후방십자인대 손상 환자 중 후방십자인대 재건술을 시행한 32예를 대상으로 하였다. 모든 예에서 동종 아킬레스건을 이용하여 경경골 단일 다발 후방십자인대 재건술을 시행하였으며, 수상 후 1주 이내에 재건술을 시행한 조기 재건군과 수상 후 3주에서 6주 사이에 재건술을 시행한 지연 재건군으로 나누어 수술 전까지 적극적인 관절 운동을 시행하였다. 술 후에 적극적인 재활 치료를 시행한 후 후방 전위 스트레스 방사선 검사, 관절 운동 범위, Lysholm 점수, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) 점수, Tegner 활동도 점수를 이용하여 평가하였다. 결과: 최종 추시에서 Lysholm 점수는 조기 재건군 92.1점, 지연 재건군 93.8점이었고 IKDC 점수는 전례에서 B(거의 정상)이상으로 회복되었다(p=0.808, p=0.722). Tegner 활동도 점수는 조기 재건군 6.6점, 지연 재건군 6.2점이었고 (p=0.480) 관절 운동 범위는 최대 굴곡각 및 최대 신전각이 조기 재건군에서 각각 평균 $133.9^{\circ}$, 평균 $1.4^{\circ}$ 지연 재건군에서 평균 $133.6^{\circ}$, 평균 $1.1^{\circ}$로 양군 간에 차이가 없었으며(p=0.560, p=0.581) 심부 정맥 혈전증이나 감염은 모든 예에서 발생하지 않았다. 후방 전위 스트레스 방사선 검사 결과도 양군 간에 유의한 차이는 없었다(p=0.750). 결론: 급성 후방십자인대 손상 환자에서 조기 및 지연 재건군 모두에서 만족할 만한 임상적 결과를 얻었다. 따라서 수상 후 1주 이내에 시행하는 조기 재건술도 좋은 치료 방법의 하나로 선택될 수 있을 것이라 생각된다. Purpose: This study performed to compare degree of joint stiffness and clinical results between early and delayed reconstruction of acute posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two Patients who underwent PCL reconstruction between March 2008 and October 2011 enrolled this study. We performed transtibial single bundle reconstruction using the allo-achilles tendon in all cases. We divided the patient into two groups, early reconstruction group underwent surgery before a week, delayed reconstruction group underwent surgery after 3 weeks, before 6 weeks. All the patients underwent aggressive joint motion exercise till surgery and enrolled post operative rehabilitation program. We checked posterior drawer stress radiography, range of motion, the Lysholm score, the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score and the Tegner score to evaluate the results. Results: At the final follow up the Lysholm score was 92.1 in the early group and 93.8 in the delayed group. All the cases were rated above B (near normal) on IKDC score (p=0.808, p=0.722). The Tegner score was 6.6 in the early reconstruction group and 6.2 in the delayed group (p=0.480), The average of maximum flexion and extension angle was $133.9^{\circ}$, $1.4^{\circ}$ in the early group and $133.6^{\circ}$, $1.1^{\circ}$ in the delayed group (p=0.560, p=0.581), no complication such as deep vein thrombosis or infection, no difference in posterior drawer stress radiography (p=0.750). Conclusion: We could obtain satisfactory clinical results in both the early and delayed reconstruction groups of acute PCL injuries. Therefore, the early reconstruction of PCL performed before a week could be one of the treatment options for acute PCL injury.

최신판례분석 : 우연한 비밀청취 및 녹음행위의 죄책 - 대법원 2016. 5. 12. 선고 2013도15616 판결 -

이용식1 ( Lee Yong-sik ) 법조협회 2016 法曹 Vol.65 No.8

대상판결의 피고인은 최초에는 통신비밀보호법이 금지하지 아니하는 대화당사자간녹음을 하고 있었다. 대화당사자간의 비밀녹음은 대화 상대방이 비밀녹음을 인식하거나 이에 동의하지 아니하였어도 통신비밀보호법 위반이 아니므로, 피고인은 최초로 녹음기를 작동시킬 시점에서는 아무런 범죄행위를 저지르지 아니한 것인데, 이와 같은 불가벌적인 행위가 진행되는 도중에 우연히 ‘공개되지 아니한` 대화 상황에 놓여 이후 녹음을 계속하는 행위가 가벌적이라면, 그 근거가 무엇인지 문제된다. 대상판결에서 2심 법원과 대법원이 피고인의 ‘우연한 비밀녹음`이 당연히 작위범이라고 판단한 것은 수긍하기 어렵다. 피고인의 입장에서 볼 때 그는 최초에 적법한 녹음을 한 것이었다. 그러나 녹음이 계속되는 도중에 우연히 주변 상황의 변동으로 인하여 ‘비밀녹음` 상태로 돌입한 경우 최초의 합법적 녹음이 갑작스레 범죄행위로 돌입할 수 있는지는 의문이다. 그런 점에서 1심 법원이 부작위범으로 행위태양을 파악한 것은 일면 수긍할만하다. 그러나 피고인이 당사자 간 대화를 녹음한 이후에, 공개되지 아니한 대화를 ‘청취`한행위는 유죄로 인정되는데, ‘녹음`한 행위는 무죄라는 이러한 1심법원의 결론은 아무래도 매우 불합리하다. 청취행위가 유죄라면 녹음행위는 더더욱 유죄가 인정되어야 할것이기 때문이다. 공개되지 않은 타인간의 대화를 녹음하는 휴대폰은 위험원이라 볼수 있으므로 휴대폰에 대한 피고인의 안전ㆍ관리의무가 배제될 수는 없을 것이어서, 이에 대한 작위의무가 있다고 보아 이를 이행하지 아니한 점을 이유로 부작위범의 성립을 인정할 수 있었을 것이라 본다. 사안에서 피고인이 만약 기자가 아닌 국가기관이었다면 유죄로 인정한 대상판결의 결론이 타당하다고 생각될 것이다. 그렇다면 일반인의 경우에는 어떻게 평가를 하여야 할 것인가? 이러한 점들을 생각하면 행위주체의 특수성을 지나치게 고려하기보다는 결국 형법이론에 충실하게 중심을 잡아나가야 할 것이다. By The Protection of Communications Secrets Act Article 14(1), no person shall record a conversation between others that is not open to the public or listen to it through the employment of electronic or mechanical devices. It is obvious that intentional wiretapping and recording are prohibited by the Act. In contrast, it is unclear accidental wiretapping and recording should be regulated by the criminal law. The Supreme Court has ruled if planned or not, wiretapping and recording without permission of every party in the conversation are considered crime even if it is technically legal in the first place. In this case, the Supreme Court has premised that secret wiretapping and recording are the crime of commission, not the crime of omission. The essential difference between the crime of commission and omission is the latter requires additional factor to establish a crime. The position and duty of guarantor prerequisite for actus reus of the crime of omission. Surely, it is not necessarily true that the specific omission `action` always be innocent. In this article`s case, if the defendant has the position and duty of a guarantor from the good faith law, continuation of wiretapping and recording sufficiently be guilty even though it is treated as an omission. Nevertheless, if certain `action` regards as a commission rather than omission, it constitutes a crime more easily. In this point of view, it should be alert that the enlargement of the scope of commission. It may threaten the principle of legality.

정상인의 전완 키네지오 테이핑 적용이 최대 악력과 근육 활성도에 미치는 영향

이용식(Lee Young-Sik),이정호(Lee Jung-Ho),이종훈(Lee Jong-Hun) 한국체육과학회 2011 한국체육과학회지 Vol.20 No.3

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of applied forearm kinegio taping on maximal grip strength and muscle activation of healthy adults. six male adults over 19 years of age volunteered in this study(the average height :176.17±6.55㎝, weight :66.83±10.49㎏, age : 25.17±1.17years). We measured grip strength using hand dynamometer. We calculated maximal muscle contraction using EMG(Noraxon, USA). The root mean square of the surface EMG was used for maximal grip strength. The t-test were used to compare the differences between the sport taping and no taping. The level of statistical significance was set at p<.05. This result were that the maximal grip strength was not significant difference. The mean RMS were not significantly difference in flexor carpi ulnaris, brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus muscles. Also, there were significantly difference in integral EMG at three muscles. Forearm kinegio taping could not be enhanced maximal grip strength in health adults. However, the control of force may be enhanced by kinesio taping on forearm muscles.