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산림휴양지 유형에 따른 피톤치드(모노테르펜) 농도 비교
이용기,우정식,최시림,신은상,Lee, Yong-Ki,Woo, Jung-Sik,Choi, Si-Rim,Shin, Eun-Sang 한국환경보건학회 2015 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.41 No.4
Objectives: This study was conducted to provide scientific and effective information on phytoncides, which are associated with forest healing, and to activate recreational forests. Methods: The target sites were natural recreation forests, a forest park and an arboretum, and the control sites were three urban parks. The samples were collected at a volume of 6.0 L and a flow rate of 0.1 L/min for one hour using a low volume pump and the solid adsorbent sampling method. The phytoncide compounds adsorbed in the Tenax TA tube were analyzed by a automatic heat desorption unit and GC-MS. Results: By type of recreational forest, the annual concentrations of phytoncide (monoterpene) for the forest park showed the highest concentration with $1.450{\mu}g/m^3$, while those for the arboretum showed the lowest concentration at $0.892{\mu}g/m^3$, and thus the concentration of the forest park was approximately 1.6 times higher than the arboretum. The season showing the highest concentration of phytoncides was summer (June) and the forest park was the highest among the recreational forests. The concentrations of major components for phytoncide showed in descending order: ${\alpha}-pinene$, ${\beta}-pinene$, camphene, 3-carene and limonene. The seasonal concentration of ${\alpha}-pinene$, camphene and ${\beta}-pinene$ by type of recreational forest increased in April, which is characterized by low temperature and humidity, and the seasonal concentration of camphene decreased with higher humidity. The meteorological factors which had the high correlation with the concentration of total terpene were temperature and humidity. $CO_2$ and $O_2$ showed an inverse correlation. Conclusion: The major components of phytoncide were ${\alpha}-pinene$, ${\beta}-pinene$, camphene, 3-carene and limonene in descending order of concentration. Further and systematic study on the chemical nature of individual phytoncides, and on the effect of phytoncides on humans needs to be performed.
Hallervorden-Spatz 병 환자의 전신마취 하 치과치료 -증례보고-
이용기,서광석,김현정,염광원,안병덕,Lee, Yong-Ki,Seo, Kwang-Suk,Kim, Hyun-Jeong,Yum, Kwang-Won,Ahn, Byung-Deok 대한치과마취과학회 2007 Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Vol.7 No.2
Hallervorden-Spatz disease (HSD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder associated with excessive iron deposition in the basal ganglia. In general, HSD is characterized by onset in first two decade of life and by the presence of extra-pyramidal dysfunction including dystonia, rigidity, choreoathetosis. Other associated features include gait and posture disturbance, intellectual decline, seizure, tremor, dysarthria. These signs and symptoms are progressive. MRI is often demonstrated hypodensity in the basal ganglia which is probably suggestive of accumulation of iron. There is no specific treatment for HSD and 45% of patients die before reaching the age of 20 years. The managements directed at specific symptoms are often helpful. Especially, some surgical procedures like pallidotomy and gastrostomy are performed under general anesthesia. There is special need for careful management because of numerous anesthetic challenges like difficulty in cooperation, life-threatening airway obstruction and possibility of aspiration. We report a successful anesthetic management in a patient with HSD for dental procedures.
The Effect of Festival Environment on Tourist Satisfaction and Loyalty
Lee Yong Ki(이용기),Choong Ki Lee(이충기),Seung Gon Lee(이승곤) 한국마케팅과학회 2005 한국마케팅과학회 학술대회 발표 논문집 Vol.- No.-
This study particularly attempted to shed light on the influence of dimensions of festival environment (convenience, staff, Information, program content, facilities, souvenirs, and food) on tourists’ emotion and satisfaction. This study also investigated the Influence of festival environment on loyalty through direct effects. The results of this study showed that the four dimensions of destination image have a differential Influence on tourists’ perceptions on service quality and affect, which in tum are found to influence tourist satisfaction, intention to revisit, and willingness to recommend Korea to others directly and indirectly.
이용기(Yong-Ki Lee),이기종(Ki-Jong Lee),이재성(Jae-Seong Lee),신은상(Eun-Sang Shin) 한국대기환경학회 2012 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.28 No.6
The purpose of this study is to propose management strategies to lower the level of PM<SUB>10</SUB> concentration. First, this study analyzes the characteristics of particle sizes in three different areas, the residential, the roadside, and the industrial areas. Second, it has examined the size of particles which can influence on the increase of PM<SUB>10</SUB> concentration level. The distribution of particle size for PM<SUB>10</SUB> concentration was not different by regions. The highest portion in the observed PM<SUB>10</SUB> is near 0.3 μm. In addition, both near 2.5 μm and near 5.0 μm are found higher in portion. The fractions of PM<SUB>1.0</SUB> and PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> in PM<SUB>10</SUB> are 68.2% and 75.8% respectively. The fraction of PM<SUB>1.0</SUB> in PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> is 89.8%. The particle diameters contributed to the increase of PM<SUB>10</SUB> concentration are different by regions. In the residential area, the sizes of near 0.6 μm and near 3.3 μm particles are found to be the cause for the increase of PM<SUB>10</SUB> concentration level. However the particle sizes for the increase of PM<SUB>10</SUB> concentration level are 0.8 μm and 0.5 μm in roadside and industrial area respectively. Therefore, fine particles are found as the key factors to raise PM<SUB>10</SUB> concentration level in the two areas, while both fine and coarse particles are in the residential areas. When examined the PM<SUB>10</SUB> concentration level change, it was categorized by two different time zones, the high concentration level time and the lower concentration time. In high concentration time, the PM<SUB>10</SUB> concentration has increased in the morning in the residential and roadside areas. On the contrary, the level has increased in the evening in the industrial area. In low concentration time, the level of PM<SUB>10</SUB> concentration in the roadside area is significantly higher in the morning than the concentration level of other times. There is no significantly different concentration level found in the both residential and industrial areas throughout the day.