수질 정화제로 개발한 Ag-Os의 변이원성 시험

이용규,백남진,신순환,Lee, Yong-Kyu,Baek, Nam-Jin,Shin, Choon-Whan 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회 1998 한국환경성돌연변이·발암원학회지 Vol.18 No.1

In order to evaluated the mutagenic potential of Ag-Os produced by receiving Ag ion at the carrier, 2 types of mutagenecity tests were performed. No mutagenic potential was shown in bacterial reverse multation test using Salmonella typhimurim TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100. No DNA-damaging property was shown in Rec-assay using Bacillus subtilis(Rec+) and Bacillus subtilis (Rec-). These results indicate that the Ag-Os does not cause reverse mutation and DNA-damaging property

Involvement of Serotonergic Mechanism in the Nucleus Tractus Solitarius for the Regulation of Blood Pressure and Heart Rate of Rats

이용규,홍기환,윤재순,Lee, Yong-Kyu,Hong, Ki-Whan,Yoon, Jae-Soon The Korean Society of Pharmacology 1989 대한약리학잡지 Vol.25 No.1

혈압 및 심박동수 조절에 대한 serotonin성 기전의 역할을 흰쥐 뇌의 NTS에서 검토하고 catecholamine성 기전과 비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 5-HT를 NTS에 주사시 혈압 및 심박동수는 감소되었고, 5-HT 300 pmol을 NTS에 주사하였을 때 가장 현저하게 하강하였다. ${\alpha}-MNE$과 clonidine도 마찬가지로 혈압과 심박동수의 감소를 일으켰다. 5-HT의 효과는 5-HT 수용체 길항제인 ritanserin, methysergide 및 ketanserin의 전처치에 의하여 봉쇄되었다. 2) Reserpine과 6-OHDA를 전처치하였을 때는 5-HT에 의한 혈압 및 심박동수 감소가 현저하게 약화되었다. 3) 5,7-DHT 전처치 후에는 5-HT에 의한 혈압 및 심박동수 감소는 증가하였다. 한편 6-OHDA 전처치에 의하여서도 clonidine의 혈압 및 심박동수 감소 현상은 항진하였다. 4) 5,7-DHT와 6-OHDA를 i.c.v.로 전처치하였을 때 phenylephrine과 sodium nitropursside에 의한 압반사 감수성은 현저히 저하하였고, 이들을 NTS로 주사시도 압반사 감수성이 손상되었다. 5) Immunohistochemistry에 의해 NTS에서 catecholamine성 세포체, 신경축색 말단과 serotonin성 신경축색 말단을 관찰하였고, 6-OHDA 주사후에 catecholamine성 신경축색 말단의 varicosity는 현저히 감소하였다. 한편 5,7-DHT처치에 의하여서는 serotonin성 신경축색 말단의 varicosity가 현저히 감소하였다. 이상의 실험 결과, NTS에 있는 serotonin성 수용체의 활성에 의하여 (1) 혈압 및 심박동수 감소가 일어나며, (2) 이는 catecholamine성 신경계와 관련되어 야기되며, (3) serotonin과 catecholamine성 수용체는 NTS의 postsynaptic site에 존재하고, (4) serotonin과 catecholamine성 신경세포는 압반사 조절에 있어서 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 사료된다. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the role of serotonergic neurotransmission in nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) for the central regulation of blood pressure and heart rate and its involvement in baroreceptor reflex activation in rats. A microinjection of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) into the NTS produced decreases in blood pressure and heart rate. Maximal decreases were $34.4{\pm}1.6$ mmHg and $41.7{\pm}10.2$ beats per min by 300 pmol of 5-HT. Microinjections of ${\alpha}-methylnor-adrenaline$ $({\alpha}-MNE)$ and clonidine manifested similar decreases in blood pressure and heart rate. The hypotensive and bradycardial effects of 5-HT were blocked by previous applications of 5-HT antagonists, ritanserin, methysergide and ketanserin into the NTS, respectively. By pretreatment with reserpine and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, i.c.v.), both hypotensive and bradycardial effects of 5-HT were significantly attenuated. Pretreatment with 5, 7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT, i.c.v.) enhanced the hypotensive and bradycardial effects of 5-HT. Similarly, following pretreatment with 6-OHDA, the effects of clonidine were increased. Pretreatment either with 5,7-DHT or 6-OHDA significantly attenuated the sensitivity of baroreflex produced either by phenylephrine or by sodium nitroprusside. When either 5,7-DHT or 6-OHDA was injected into the NTS $(5,7-DHT;\;8{\mu}g\;6-OHDA;\;10{\mu}g)$, both of the baroreflex sensitivities were impaired. In the immunohistochemical study, the injection of 6-OHDA into the the NTS led to reduction of axon terminal varicosity, however, the injection did not reduce the numbers of catecholaminergic cell bodies. Likewise, when 5,7-DHT was injected into the NTS, the varicosity of serotonergic axon terminals was markedly reduced. Based on these results, it is suggested that (1) stimulation of serotonergic receptors in the NTS leads to decreases in blood pressure and heart rate as observed with the stimulation of catecholaminergic system, (2) both serotonergic and catecholaminergic receptors may be located postsynaptically, and (3) the serotonergic neurons as well as catecholaminergic neurons may have a close relevance for the activation of baroreflex.

그리스도의 선재성에 대한 연구: 판넨베르크(Wolfhart Pannenberg)를 중심으로

이용규 ( Yong Kyu Lee ),이신열 ( Samuel Y Lee ) 한국복음주의조직신학회 2013 조직신학연구 Vol.18 No.-

Today`s fierce challenges on the doctrine of Christ`s preexistence and many discussions relating to it can be considered as rational men`s attempt to theoretically explain the explicit statement of the Bible regarding this doctrine. These challenges are indirect contrast to previous challenges in the past times, but the result seems to be the same. At least three interpretations can be formulated regarding these challenges to the doctrine of Christ`s preexistence: personal or real preexistence,dideal preexistence and eschatological preexistence. All three understanding reveal problems and contentions related to the interpretation of this doctrine in some important wats, but only personal or real preexistence is found to be compatible with traditional Christian teachings. Pannenberg, one of the best Known representatives of Christology “from below”, deserves to be mentioned on this topic. To him, the resurrection of Christ functions as the basis for the perception of Jesus Christ`s Godhead. It is also treated as the definitive evidence for an identification between God and Jesus Christ. However, in Pannenberg`s understanding, that the resurrection happened with time and place it happened means it occurs, at the same time, beyond the limits of time and place of all and beyond the limits of historical recognition. Although his argument has much merit for consideration, it should be admitted that his understanding for the resurrection seems to go beyond the limits of historical recognition and therefore there would be no analogia subjected human reason. In our attempt to clarify and restate this doctrine in our current thought and language, we should be reminded that our effort does not provide us an opportunity to rebuild the doctrine. More than anything else, the doctrine of the preexistence of Christ reminds us of the truth and reality that God sent God Himself, Christ who redeems us, but not some of His representatives. Therefore, it should be kept in mind that this doctrine should be considered under the balanced context of not only the resurrection of Christ as the historical fact, but also His incarnation. The historicity of the resurrection should be explained on the foundation of the incarnation of Jesus along with grand picture provided by the progress of redemptive history. Furthermore, the relationship between the preexistence of Christ and the Trinity should be explicated from the perspective of His resurrection while emphasizing His in carnation.

방송통신기자재 전자파 시험 시장의 현황 분석 및 정부 개입 방안

이용규(Yong-Kyu Lee),김영래(Young-Rae Kim) 한국전자파학회 2013 한국전자파학회논문지 Vol.24 No.8

본 논문에서는 방송통신기자재 전자파 시험 시장이 포화 상태에 달하면 포획 현상, 지대 추구 현상 및 시험가격 경쟁현상 등이 나타날 것이고, 이는 궁극적으로 우리 사회에 부정적으로 영향을 미칠 것으로 추정되었다. 따라서 전자파 시험 시장의 포화 정도를 파악한 결과, 전자파 시험 시장의 장비 가동률이 78 %로서 포화 상태에 접근하고 있는 중으로 나타났다. 아울러, 무선, 유선 및 SAR 분야도 장비 가동률이 각각 65 %, 3 %, 10 %에 불과하여 이미 포화 상태에 도달하였다. 따라서 시험의 엄격성을 유지하기 위해서 신규 시험기관의 지정은 억제될 필요가 있으나, 행정청의 법률 운영 상황에 비취어 보면 지정 신청을 기각하기는 곤란할 것으로 사료되어 사전적 준비가 필요하다. This paper forecast that, if the EMC test market for broadcasting and communication materials and equipment reaches a saturated state, such will give rise to adverse effects such as capture phenomenon, rent seeking phenomenon, and stiff test price competition; this in turn will eventually wield a negative impact on our society. Thus, to determine the saturation level of EMC test markets, the size of test markets and test capabilities of the designated laboratories were surveyed. As a result, the operation rate of equipment in the EMC test markets was revealed to be 78 %, suggesting market saturation. Moreover, the wireless, wire, and SAR equipment operation rates reached 65 %, 3 %, and 10 %, respectively, suggesting market saturation. Thus, maintaining the strictness of testing requires limiting the designation of new test laboratories; in light of practices and implementation of laws, however, the relevant administrative agency has difficulty rejecting applications for the designation of laboratories.

SAN 환경 공유 디스크 파일 시스템의 메타데이터 관리

이용규(Yong Kyu Lee),김신우(Shin Woo Kim),손덕주(Duk Joo Son) 한국정보과학회 2001 정보과학회지 Vol.19 No.3

유비쿼터스도시 관리ㆍ운영재원 확보전략에 관한 연구

이용규(Yong-kyu Lee) 한국공공관리학회 2009 한국공공관리학보 Vol.23 No.1

IT분야의 경쟁력과 국토의 불균형적 발전 문제를 동시에 가지고 있는 우리나라는 유비쿼터스도시 건설사업을 추진해야 할 필요성이 충분히 있다. 그러나 유비쿼터스도시건설 및 운영을 위한 재원조달의 방안이 매우 명확하게 드러나지 않아 추진상의 장애가 되고 있다. 이러한 관점에서 본 연구에서는 Fishbone 방법론을 이용하여 유비쿼터스도시 기반시설을 활용한 추가재원 확보방안, 유비쿼터스도시 운영비용 최소화방안, u-service 제공 사업비용 최소화 전략 등을 제시하였다. 조사된 모든 방안은 문제점을 내포하고 있다. 예를 들면, 공공재적 성격을 띤 u-service에 수익자부담원칙을 적용하는 것은 거주민의 저항을 초래할 가능성이 크다. 그렇다고 지방자치단체가 운영비용을 모두 부담하는 방안은 지역 간 형평성의 문제가 발생하여 정치적으로 수용되기 어렵다. 가장 이상적인 방법이라 볼 수 있는 추가재원확보방안은 아직 확실한 비즈니스모델이 도출되지 않은 상황이어서 활용가능성이 낮다. 그럼에도 불구하고 유비쿼터스도시 건설의 중요성을 인식하여 각 지방자치단체는 다양한 방안으로 운영비용을 마련하여 향후 유비쿼터스도시의 확산에 대비할 필요가 있다. Due to the growing imbalance among the region and the competitiveness of the IT Branch, we have enough motivation to support the construction of the u-City. However, because of the absence of a precise financial plan for the construction and management for u-City, we are at a stand still. In this context, this study is to develop ways of minimizing management cost and raising extra fund from central government and private sector. The principle of the beneficiary’s payment may give rise to the citizen’s opposition; therefore it is difficult to exercise the rule on the public u-service. Furthermore, if the self-governing party district were to pay the operation costs then, equity problems may arise among the regions; therefore, it is difficult to politically accept the proposal. Moreover, the plan for raising additional financial support is not a reliable model; the feasibility of the plan is low. Even so, each self-governing party district should prepare for the operation cost through various funding sources, so that the u-City can be constructed successfully.

인공신경망을 이용한 학업 흥미도 예측시스템

이용규(Yong-Kyu Lee),권승아(Seung-A Kwon) 한국지능시스템학회 2015 한국지능시스템학회 학술발표 논문집 Vol.25 No.2

도공액의 유동성 및 표면물성 개선에 관한 연구(제1보)

이용규(Yong-Kyu Lee),원종명(Jong-Myoung Won) 한국펄프·종이공학회 2017 펄프.종이技術 Vol.49 No.2

In this study, the effects of various pigment blending and substitution of SB latex with biobased latex in precoating color on the surface properties and the printability of coated board were evaluated. As the particle size of pigment was smaller, the surface roughness of the coated board was improved and the importance of pigment particle size was confirmed. The roughness of the coated board was also affected by the pigment characteristics. In addition, the use of a biobased latex instead of SB latex resulted in poor film forming ability due to its rheology, resulting in poor surface roughness, but print mottle was decreased. From the results of this study, it was confirmed that the characteristics of the precoat layer affected the surface properties and printability of coated board.

Oral Delivery of Parathyroid Hormone Using a Triple-Padlock Nanocarrier for Osteoporosis

Yong-kyu Lee(이용규),안정만 한국고분자학회 2021 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.46 No.2

Herein, a triple padlock nanocarrier prepared by a modified chondroitin sulfate A (TCSA) is designed to develop an oral dosage form of recombinant human teriparatide (rhPTH). We developed a TCA-conjugated CSA (TCSA) nanocarrier as a triple padlock system for oral delivery of recombinant human teriparatide [rhPTH (1–34)] against osteoporosis. In this research, we showed that the TCSA-triple padlock system facilitates protection of encapsulated rhPTH (1–34) from gastric or enzymatic degradation in the GIT and ASBAT- or OST α/β-mediated reabsorption of the TCSA/rhPTH nanocomplex, along with the prolonged t1/2, stimulates new bone formation, and reduces osteoporotic fracture by delivering the rhPTH to the type-1 PTH receptor (PTHr-1) through the intestinal portal system. This triple padlock oral delivery platform overcame the current barriers associated with teriparatide administration and exhibited a promising therapeutic effect against osteoporosis.

beta - Galactosidase의 고정화 및 응용에 관한 연구 - 제1보 : Aspergillus niger CAD 1의 효소생산 조건 및 효소학적 성질

이용규(Yong-Kyu Lee),전순배(Soon-Bae Chun),최원기(Won-Ki Choi),정기철(Ki-Chul Chung),배석(Suk Bae),김관천(Kwan-Chun Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 1986 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.15 No.4

토양에서 분리한 여러가지 곰팡이류 가운데 beta-galactosidase 생성력이 가장 좋은 Aspergillus niger CAD 1을 효소 생산 균주로 선정하였다. 이 균주의 효소 생산 최적 배양조건은 밀기울에 0.5% 탈지 분유를 첨가한 배지를 30℃에서 72시간 정치배양하는 것이었다. 아세톤으로 침전시킨 조효소(crude enzyme)는 일차로 DEAE-cellulose, 2차로 Sephadex G-100 gel filtration에 의하여 1,387배로 정제되었고 이때의 수율은 6.2%이었다. 정제된 효소의 최적 온도는 45℃, 최적 pH는 4.5이었으며, 기질로서 ONPG와 유당에 대한 Km값은 각각 3.57×10^(-3)M과 83.3×10^(-3)M, Vmax값은 각각 33.0 unit/㎎ protein과 15.38 unit/㎎ protein이었다. 활성화 에너지는 9,900㎈/㏖이었으며 효소활성 및 안정제로 금속이온을 필요로 하지 않았다. 50㎖의 탈지유, 4.8% 유당 용액, 유청용액에 효소 5㎖(182 unit/㎖)를 침가하여 45℃에서 10시간 반응시켰을 때의 유당 분해율은 각각 65%, 70%, 78%를 타타내었다. A strain of Aspergillus niger CAD 1 which produces considarable amount of beta-galactosidase was selected from extracellular beta-galetaosidase producing fungi isolated from soil. Optimal conditions for the enzyme from Aspergillus niger CAD 1 were the growth in wheat bran supplemented with 0.5% skim milk powder at 30℃ for 72 hrs. The crude enzyme was purified 1.387 fold through DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 chromatography and its recovery was 6.2%. The optimal pH and temperature for the purified enzyme were pH 4.5 and 45℃, respectively. The Km and Vmax on ONPG were 3.57 × 10^(-3)M and 33.0 unit/㎎ protein, whereas those on lacose were 83.3 × 10^(-3)M and 15.33 unit/㎎ protein, respectively. The activation energy for the enzyme was 9,900 ㎈/㏖ and the enzyme had no metal ion requirement for its activity and stability. The hydrolysis of lactose in skim milk, 4.8% lactose solution and acidic whey were 65%, 70% and 78% after 10 hrs incubation at 45℃, when 182 units of the enzyme were used 50㎖ of the substrate solutions.