노인기의 문제

이옥주,Lee, Ok-Ju 한국학교보건협회 1981 학교보건 Vol.10 No.-

표준중국어 성조 분포의 유형적 특성

이옥주(Lee, Ok Joo) 한국중어중문학회 2018 中語中文學 Vol.- No.74

Earlier literature on tones of Chinese tends to report the tonal inventory and tone sandhi observed in a certain variety of the language. However, given that Chinese is one of the major tonal languages, a typological investigation of Chinese tones is needed to achieve a better understanding of not only the tonal systems of the Chinese varieties but also the universals of tones across languages. To understand the Mandarin tones from a typological perspective, this study examines the tonal distribution patterns in 518 tonal languages collected in PHOBLIE and compares them with the tonal distribution analyzed from a Mandarin lexicon corpus. Results of a quantitative analysis of the two corpora reveal several important typological features of the tone types and distribution of Mandarin as well as tonal languages in general: (1) Approximately 63% of the tonal languages contain 2 or 3 tone types, and about 19% of the languages, including Mandarin, contain 4 tone types, (2) Implicational relation between tone types (e.g., the existence of contour tone(s) implies the existence of level tone(s)) are observed both across tonal languages and in Mandarin. (3) The distribution pattern of ‘level tone > simple contour tone > complex contour tone’, which is in negative relation with tone markedness, is found across tonal languages. However, falling tone(T4) being the most frequently occurring tone type, Mandarin shows the distribution of ‘simple contour tone > level tone > complex contour tone’.

음운과 문자 연구 성과물 집적 동향

이옥주 ( Lee Ok Joo ),이현선 ( Lee Hyun-sun ) 한국중국어문학회 2017 中國文學 Vol.93 No.-

지식과 정보의 새로운 패러다임에 대한 시대적 요구와 더불어 최근 중국어언어학도 연구의 범위와 대상, 방법이 눈에 띄게 변화하고 있다. 본 연구는 중국어언어학의 주요 영역인 음운과 문자 분야에서 최근 10년 동안 중국, 대만, 미국에서 진행된 연구의 동향을 분석하여, 학제간 통합적 연구와 코퍼스 구축이 해외 여러 지역에서 공통적으로 확대되고 있음을 발견하였다. 또한 미국이나 유럽 지역에서는 이미 비인문학 분야와의 융합적 연구도 빠른 속도로 증가하는 것으로 조사되었다. 앞으로 중국어 문자·음운 연구자들에게 언어 체계에 대한 본질적 연구와 더불어 탈경계적 통합 연구의 주체가 되기 위한 노력이 요구될 것으로 전망된다. As an unprecedented technological revolution transforms information and knowledge in this era, recent years have witnessed notable changes in linguistic research as well. This paper analyzes research on Chinese phonology/phonetics and orthography that has been conducted during the past ten years in four areas overseas, i.e., China, Taiwan, U.S., and Europe. It examines a large number of major research projects supported government fund and finds an important trend that interdisciplinary research and corpus-based research have increased to a great extent. It is also found that a considerable amount of linguistic research incorporating diverse disciplines, such as psychology, biology and computer science, has emerged in U.S. and Europe. It is suggested that researchers of Chinese phonology/phonetics and orthography be able to broaden research horizons and build cohesive knowledge on the language by integrating linguistic research and other disciplines.

중국어 음성합성: 진단과 과제

이옥주 ( Lee Ok Joo ) 한국중국어문학회 2021 中國文學 Vol.106 No.-

Recent years have witnessed the remarkable improvement of speech synthesis technology, which is a fundamental component of numerous AI programs. Chinese text-to-speech technology, which has been also rapidly improved, is used in a variety of programs for language teaching and learning as well as automatic translation. This paper examines major problems with Chinese synthesized speech in several widely-used programs, and discusses the prosodic modeling and the types of speech database that can be used to enhance the naturalness of synthesized speech sounds. It further notes that an increasing body of interdisciplinary research between phonetics and engineering may help to develop new analytic methods in the field of Chinese phonology and phonetics.

보육일지에 기록된 유아음악활동 실시현황 분석

이옥주(Ock Joo Lee) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2022 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.22 No.21

목적 본 연구는 어린이집 보육일지에 기록된 유아음악활동을 분석하여 예비유아교사 및 현직 유아교사들이 음악활동 질 제고를 할 수 있도록 음악활동의 현황 자료를 제공하고자 한다. 방법 서울에 위치한 공립어린이집의 3 ~ 5세 담임교사의 보육일지 열람에 대한 연구동의를 서면으로 받은 후 1,516일 분량의 보육일지에 기록된 3,529개 음악활동을 추출하여 음악활동 분석준거(3개 영역, 6개 범주)에 따라 분석하였다. 각 음악활동은 분석기준에 따라 빈도와 백분율을 산출하였다. 결과 첫째, 유아음악활동의 내용에 대한 전반적 기술 현황은 음악적 요소를 기술함 277개(7.8%), 음악적 요소 기술하지 않음 3,252개(92.2%), 음악활동 유형을 기술함 3,529개(100.0%), 음악활동 유형을 기술하지 않음 0개(0.0%), 누리과정 영역 기술함 1,182개(33.5), 누리과정 영역 기술하지 않음 2,347개(66.5%)로 나타났다. 둘째, 유아음악활동의 교수-학습방법에 대한 전반적 기술 현황은 하루일과를 기술함 3,529개(100.0%), 하루일과를 기술하지 않음 0개(0.0%), 음악활동 자료를 기술함 2,774개(78.6%), 기술하지 않음 755개(21.4%)로 나타났다. 셋째, 유아음악활동의 평가에 대한 전반적 기술 현황은 음악수업활동 평가를 기술하지 않음 3,264개(92.5%), 기술함 265개(7.5%)로 나타났다. 결론 유아교사들은 유아음악활동의 내용, 교수-학습방법, 평가에 대해 보육일지에 기술하지 않는 사례가 많은 것으로 나타나 유아음악활동의 질적 제고를 위한 효율적인 기록방법을 모색해야 할 것을 제안하였다. Objectives This study aims to provide data on the current status of music activities so that pre- and in-service early childhood teachers can improve the quality of musical activities by analyzing early childhood musical activities recorded in childcare journal at chldcare center. Methods After obtaining written consent for the reading of the childcare journal from the 3 to 5 year old teachers at a public childcare center located in Seoul, 3,529 musical activities recorded in the childcare journal were were extracted for 1,516 days and analyzed on the music activities analysis creteria(3 areas, 6 categories). For each musical activity, frequency and percentage were calculated according to the analysis creteria. Results First, the overall descriptive status of the content of early childhood musical activities was that 277 (7.8%) were describe musical elements, that 3,252 (92.2%) were not describe musical elements, 3,529 (100.0%) were describe the type of musical activity, 1,182(33.5) were describe the Nuri Curriculum area, and 2,347 (66.5%) were not describe the Nuri Curriculum area. Second, the overall descriptive status of teaching-learning methods of early childhood music activities was that 3,529 (100.0%) were describe the daily routine, 0(0.0%) was not describe the daily routine, that 2,774 (78.6%) were describe the music activity materials, and that 755 (21.4%) were not describe the daily routine. Third, the overall descriptive status of the evaluation of early childhood music activities was that 3,264(92.5%) were not describe the evaluation of music class activities, and that 265(7.5%) were describe the evaluation of music class activities. Conclusions It have suggested that early childhood music activities were found to be many cases in which the nursery journal does not describe content, teaching-learning methods, and evaluation of them, and that efficient methods of recording them should be sought to improve the quality of early childhood music activities.

충동성과 대처양식이 학교적응과 학업성취에 미치는 영향

이옥주(Ok Ju Lee) 한국교육심리학회 2004 敎育心理硏究 Vol.18 No.3

표준중국어 경계 성조(boundary tone)의 연구방법론 고찰

이옥주(Lee, Ok Joo) 한국중어중문학회 2015 中語中文學 Vol.60 No.-

Recently increasing attention has been paid to prosody of Mandarin as well as other varieties of Chinese. One of the most extensively explored topics is to describe the phonetic realization of pitch movement and syntactic/pragmatic functions associated with boundary tone types in Mandarin. However, despite much experimental studies conducted on this topic, both phonetic and phonological interpretations of boundary tone types are still highly controversial. Although a significant amount of recent research tends to adopt the AM(Autosegmental-Metrical) framework, lack of discussion and agreement on how to apply the phonological framework and taxonomy to varieties of Chinese seems to be a major hindrance to better understanding many prosodic phenomenon in the language. Through a critical and extensive review of studies on boundary tone in Mandarin, the present study shows that the same or very similar experimental results are often interpreted to support conflicting phonological viewpoints. It further argues that localized tones should be distinguished from global pitch manipulation in order for us to identify boundary tone in Mandarin, and further suggests that future research needs to be done (1) to identify pitch movement anchored specifically to the last syllable of an intonational phrase and (2) to define the prosodic domain for boundary tone in Mandarin.

표준중국어 음절유형에 대한 유형론적 고찰

이옥주(Lee, Ok Joo) 한국중어중문학회 2017 中語中文學 Vol.0 No.68

This study aims to provide a typological explanation of Mandarin syllable types and structures. Twelve legitimate syllable types in Mandarin differ from each other in terms of how frequently they appear in lexicon. Of particular interest is to understand the role of language universality in determining the relative frequency of various Mandarin syllable types. Results of a quantitative analysis of the phonemes and syllable structures of 13,052 characters contained in a lexicon corpus reveal several important typological features of the syllable type frequency in Mandarin: (1) the syllable type frequency is closely related to the markedness of an onset phoneme, i.e. the more marked an onset consonant is, the less frequently a syllable type occurs. (2) the sonority hierarchy also affects the syllable type frequency, i.e., the more a syllable type observes the sonority hierarchy, the more frequently it appears. Findings of this study contribute to understanding the typological features of the syllable types and structures of Mandarin as well as the language typology reflected in Mandarin.

L2 Prosody : An Acoustic Analysis of L1 Mandarin Speakers’ Korean Tonal Patterns

李玉珠(Lee, Ok-joo) 중국어문학연구회 2012 중국어문학논집 Vol.0 No.77

본 연구는 유형학적으로 중요한 차이를 보이는 표준중국어와 한국어의 운율 체계를 비교하고, L1 표준중국어화자의L2 한국어운율발화를음향·음성학적으로분석하여L2 운율체계에 대한논의를진행하는것을목적으로한다. 이를위하여, L1과L2 발화에나타나는한국어강세구(Accentual Phrase)와 억양구(Intonational Phrase)의 성조 유형을 실험음성학적으로 분석하고, L1에 부재하는 L2 운율 요소의 음운적, 음성적 자질의 습득 양상과 특징을 논의하였다. 또한 L2 발화에 일반적으로 영향을 미치는 요인인 발화 계획 전략의 제약(speech planning strategy constraint)이나 음역 축소, L2 발달 정도(developmental stage)가 한국어 AP와 IP 성조습득에미치는영향을통계적으로분석함으로써, L2 운율체계에나타나는개별성과보편성에 대한 논의의 토대를 제공한 데에 본 연구의 의의가 있다.

유아사회 교수내용지식 측정척도의 개발

이옥주 ( Lee¸ Ock Joo ) 한국영유아교육보육학회 2022 영유아교육.보육연구 Vol.15 No.1

본 연구는 유아사회교육을 실행하는 유아교사의 사회 교수내용지식 수준을 유아교사가 스스로 측정해 볼 수 있는 도구를 개발하는데 목적이 있다. 유아사회 교수내용지식 측정척도는 유아사회 교육학지식, 유아사회 내용지식, 유아 사회교육의 목적 및 목표, 누리과정 사회관계영역, 학습자에 대한 지식, 사회·문화에 대한 지식의 6개요인, 총 62문항으로 확정되었다. 유아사회 교수내용지식 측정척도의 적합성에 대한 확인적 요인분석 모형의 적합도 지수들은 χ²=454.02(df=194), TLI= .97, CFI= .97, RMSEA= .06(.05∼ .07)로 적합도 수준을 충족하였다. 또한 측정도구의 신뢰도를 분석한 결과 유아사회 교수내용지식의 전체 신뢰도(Cronbach’s α)는 .98이었으며, 하위요인별로는 유아사회 교육학지식은 .97, 유아사회 내용지식은 .96, 유아 사회교육의 목적 및 목표는 .93, 누리과정 사회관계영역은 .96, 학습자에 대한 지식은 .93, 사회·문화에 대한 지식은 .89이었다. 본 연구에서 개발한 유아사회 교수내용지식 척도는 유아사회 교수내용지식을 평가하기에 적절한 척도임이 밝혀졌다. This study is aimed at developing tools that allow children teachers to measure their own level of social pedagogical content knowledge of children teachers who practice early childhood social education. The measured scale of early childhood social pedagogical content knowledge was confirmed with six factors of early childhood social pedagogical knowledge, early childhood social content knowledge, the goals and objectives of early childhood social education, the area of social relations of Nuri curriculum, knowledge of learners, and social and culture knowledge, and a total of 62 questions. The conformity index of the confirmed factor analysis model for the suitability of pedagogical content knowledge measurement scale for early childhood social studies met the goodness-of-fit level were calculated using χ²=454.02(df=194), TLI= .97, CFI= .97, RMSEA= .06(.05∼ .07) to satisfy the fitness level. Also, as a result of analyzing the reliability of pedagogical content knowledge in early childhood social education scored .98, and by sub-factors, pedagogical knowledge scored .97, early childhood social content knowledge scored .96, the purpose and objectives of early childhood social education scored .93, the Nuri curriculun social relations area scored .96, knowledge of learners scored .93, and knowledge of social and culture scored .89. It was found that the early childhood social pedagogical content knowledge scale developed in this study is an appropriate scale to evaluate early childhood social pedagogical content knowledge.